Chapter three grammar notes
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The document provides grammar notes on using different tenses to talk about future events, including will/going to, be + -ing, simple present, present perfect progressive, future, and future perfect. It explains that will and going to are both used to say what will happen, and the difference is not important. Examples are given for using each tense, such as using will/going to be + -ing to describe an action in progress at a future time, and using the future perfect to show an action that will happen before a certain future time.
Chapter three grammar notes
- 2. Use will or going to to say what you think will happen in the future. 1.
- 3. Examples: I think I’ll enjoy the trip. OR I think I’m going to enjoy the trip. 1.
- 4. Your textbook makes a distinction between the “will” future and the “going to” future. Feel free to study the note on page 35, but the difference between “will” and “going to” is not a very important thing to worry about. 1.
- 5. Use will be/going to be + base form + -ing to describe an action that will be in progress at a certain time in the future. 2.
- 6. Example: We’ll be visiting Florence on our Italy trip. We’re going to be spending time in Rome too. 2.
- 7. You can use the simple present to talk about a future action, state or event that is part of a schedule or timetable. 3.
- 8. Examples: We leave on Saturday at 8:00 p.m. The plane arrives in Rome at 8:30 a.m. 3.
- 9. You can use the present perfect progressive ( = present perfect continuouus) to talk about a future action or event that has already been arranged. 4.
- 10. For example: We’re traveling to Japan in August. We already have our tickets. 4.
- 11. In a complex sentence that takes place in the future, use future tense in the independent clause and simple present tense in the dependent clause: 5.
- 12. For example: We’ll rent a car when we get to Italy. Incorrect: **We’ll rent a car when we will get to Italy. 5.
- 13. For example: We’ll rent leave for the airport as soon as the taxi gets here. Incorrect: ** We’ll rent leave for the airport as soon as the taxi will get here. 5.
- 14. Use the future perfect to show an action, state or event that will happen before a certain time in the future. 6.
- 15. For example: By the end of our trip, we’ll have seen a lot of wonderful things.. 6.
- 16. You can also use the future perfect in the progressive: 6.
- 17. For example: By the end of the summer, we’ll have been traveling for several weeks. 6.
- 18. NOTE: We often use the future perfect with by and by the time: 6.
- 19. For example: By the time we finish our trip, we’ll have visited 10 countries. 6.