Chapter8 appendicularskeletonmarieb
- 1. Chapter 8, Bones, Part 2: The Appendicular Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton = Everything that is not the Axial Skeleton, i.e., pelvis and limbs Goal: Learn and locate the bones and Developed by markings of the appendicular skeleton John Gallagher, MS, DVM
- 2. The Girdles Pectoral Girdle Supports the Arms Clavicle and Scapula Pelvic Girdle Supports the Legs Pelvis Ilium, ischium, pubic bone
- 3. Clavicle (collarbone) Manubrium to Acromion Frequently fractured
- 4. Scapula (shoulder blade) Glenoid Spine Acromion Acromioclavicular joint Origin of biceps brachii muscle: Inferior and Superior Coracoid Process Angles Supraglenoid tubercle
- 5. The Arm Synonym: Upper limb Upper Arm = Brachium Forearm = Antebrachium Humerus, Radius and Ulna Carpus (wrist) Hand (manus)
- 6. Humerus Head Greater and Lesser Tubercles Intertubercular Sulcus Biceps tendon Coronoid Fossa Olecranon Fossa Trochlea Medial and Lateral Epicondyles
- 7. Radius Ulna Head, neck, shaft Olecranon Insertion of biceps Trochlear notch brachii: Coronoid Process Radial Tuberosity Ulnar Styloid Process Radial Styloid Process Interosseous Membrane (between radius and ulna) Note how the two bones can cross “Funny bone”
- 8. Carpus = Wrist Scaphoid is frequently Four Proximal fractured Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform Four Distal Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
- 9. Five fingers Hand = Manus Labeled 1-5 Thumb = Pollex = digit 1 Two phalangeal bones Five metacarpal bones (1-5) Fingers = phalanges = digits 2-5 Three phalangeal bones Proximal, middle, distal
- 10. The Girdles Pectoral Girdle Supports the Arms Clavicle and Scapula Pelvic Girdle Supports the Legs Pelvis (os coxae)
- 11. Pelvis = os coxae = hip bone = (innominate bone) Three bones: Ilium, Ischium, Pubis Anterior and posterior iliac spines meet to form the iliac crest Greater and Lesser Sciatic Notches Ischial Tuberosity Acetabulum Acetabular fossa Obturator Foramen
- 12. More Pelvis Articular Surface for Articulation with Sacrum Difference between male and female Pelvic (or pubic) symphysis Fibrocartilage Stretches at childbirth (Relaxin)
- 13. The leg AKA Lower Limb Femur Patella Tibia/fibula Tarsus Foot
- 14. Femur Head and fovea capitus Articulate with pelvis Neck (“fx pelvis”) Greater and Lesser Trochanters Shaft Lateral and medial condyles and epicondyles Intercondylar fossa Patellar Surface
- 15. Patella = knee cap Sesamoid Bone Enclosed in the tendon of the quadriceps group of muscles “Skyline” MRI of patella
- 16. Tibia = shin bone Lateral and medial condyles Intercondylar eminence Tibial tuberosity Inferior articular surface Medial malleolus (= ankle bone) Interosseous Membrane
- 17. Fibula Head Shaft Lateral malleolus (= ankle bone) Not weight bearing Frequent fx Interosseous Membrane
- 18. Tarsus (7 bones) Cute Tillie Never Could Cooperate Talus Navicular Cuboid Cunieform (3) Calcaneus
- 19. Foot Cute Tillie Never Could Cooperate Dancer’s fx Metatarsals (1-5) Phalanges (3 per toe except big toe) Longitudinal Arches Medial and lateral Transverse Arch
- 20. Fractures (a review) Bleeding Then clot Periosteal reaction Fibroblasts Osteoblasts Callus New bone “collar” Remodeling
- 21. “Hip” fracture “Grandma fell and broke her hip.” More accurately, “Grandma broke her femoral neck and then fell.” Sometimes the fx is at the intertrochanteric line Diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis 25% die from complications in first year mostly related to immobility: Anesthesia Muscle Atrophy Pneumonia Decubitus ulcers Depression and disorientation
- 22. Douglas Iris