Circulation and exercise
Download as PPT, PDF2 likes2,282 views
The circulatory system adapts to exercise in both short-term and long-term ways. In the short-term, the heart rate increases to pump more blood, delivering more oxygen to working muscles. The lungs also work harder to remove carbon dioxide and replenish oxygen. Long-term, regular exercise causes the heart to grow stronger, increasing stroke volume and lowering resting heart rate. It also enhances blood flow and oxygen delivery through increased capillaries and blood volume.
Circulation and exercise
- 1. The Circulatory System And Exercise What Happens To The Heart During Exercise?
- 2. Task • Think of as many different responses your body has during exercise! • 5 minutes and list them NEATLY! • Write the heading Responses to Exercise
- 3. The Heart and Cardiovascular System • The Heart is a 4 chamber organ. Two Atria and Two Ventricles. • HEART RATE – The number of times your heart beats in a minute. • STROKE VOLUME – The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one beat. • CARDIAC OUTPUT – The amount of blood that leaves the left Ventricle in one minute. • To Calculate : Cardiac Output = Stroke Vol x Heart Rate
- 4. Blood Vessels There are 3 main types of blood vessels that carry blood around the body • Arteries (Oxygenated blood) • Capillaries • Veins (Deoxygenated blood) Arteries are the largest blood vessel in the body, then Veins and the smallest are capillaries
- 5. Diagrams of Blood Vessels
- 6. The Movement of Blood Around the Body To work effectively the Heart and Lungs need to work together smoothly Blood with a poor Oxygen is oxygen supply is transferred into the pumped to the blood at the lungs lungs and travels to the heart Once the oxygen The heart pumps has been delivered blood around the to the body and body delivering waste products oxygen to the have been working muscles collected the blood returns to the heart
- 7. Remember! Oxygen-Loaded blood goes into the Left side of the heart. Oxygen-pooR blood goes into the Right side of the heart.
- 8. Recap From Last Lesson • What is- • Heart Rate • Stroke Volume • Cardiac Output • The Heart • What are the 3 main blood vessels. List them according to size (largest first) • Describe the movement of blood around the body
- 9. How can we measure Heat Rate? Take your Pulse at….. • The Carotid Artery (Where is this?) • The Radial Artery (Where is this?) As the Heart beats the Artery walls expand, then contract and this is called a PULSE. • Why do we never feel for a pulse using a thumb? • What is your Resting Heart Rate now? • Average HR is around 72bpm (60-80bpm). Top athletes? • What factors may effect Heart Rate?
- 10. How Blood is Pumped Around the Body 1. The arterioles branch into tiny tubes called capillaries. The thin walls allow food and oxygen to pass out to body cells, and carbon dioxide and other waste to pass in. (This happens in the muscle) 2. The artery walls are made of muscle and elastic tissue. They stretch when blood is pumped in, then contract, squirting it along. 3. From the venules it flows into a vein, which carries it back to the heart. 4. The heart pumps blood at high pressure into the arteries. 5. The artery branches into smaller tubes called arterioles. 6. Next the blood flows into larger tubes called venules. It has given up its oxygen. It is deoxygenated.
- 11. How Blood is Pumped Around the Body 4) The heart pumps blood at high pressure into the arteries. 2) The artery walls are made of muscle and elastic tissue. They stretch when blood is pumped in, then contract, squirting it along. 5) The artery branches into smaller tubes called arterioles. 1) The arterioles branch into tiny tubes called capillaries. The thin walls allow food and oxygen to pass out to body cells, and carbon dioxide and other waste to pass in. (This happens in the muscle) 6) Next the blood flows into larger tubes called venules. It has given up its oxygen. It is deoxygenated. 3) From the venules it flows into a vein, which carries it back to the heart.
- 12. What Changes Occur In The Body During Exercise? • There is more Carbon Dioxide in the blood due to increased cellular respiration. • The lungs work harder to remove it and replace it with Oxygen. • The Brain tells the Heart to beat faster so HR increases. • Cardiac Output rises as more blood is pumped to the muscles. These are all short term effects of exercise/activity
- 13. Other Changes you will experience…. • Blood is shunted to where it is needed. (Vascular Shunt). Blood is diverted to the working muscle as a priority and is limited to other areas of the body like the stomach . • Exercise generates Heat so the blood heats up. The body moves more blood near to the skin to cool it down. As a result your skin reddens. • You sweat which helps to cool you down by evaporation. • Again these are short term effects
- 14. The Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Circulatory system • The Heart is a Cardiac Muscle, when we regularly exercise or train muscles they grow and become stronger. This means: 1. The amount of blood pumped from the heart in one beat will increase (Stroke volume) 2. The total amount of blood pumped in one minute will increase (Cardiac output) 3. Resting heart rate will lower as the heart will pump the blood as required in fewer beats. • The more blood that can be pumped the more oxygen it can carry to the muscles that require it. Larger stronger Heart Small Heart Regular exercise
- 15. CARDIAC (HEART) CIRCULATORY RESPONSE IMPROVEMENTS LONG TERM EFFECTS OF RESPIRATORY RECOVERY TRAINING RESPONSE RESPONSE EFFECT ON TENDONS, LIGAMENTS AND BONES
- 16. Long Term Effects cont’d • The number of red blood cells increase to cope with the demands of carrying extra oxygen. (Altitude training). • The capillary networks in muscles start to grow more and more branches and are therefore able to transport more blood. (Capilliarisation)
- 17. AFTER AEROBIC TRAINING CIRCULATORY IMPROVEMENTS INCREASED BLOOD VOLUME (RBC) – increased levels of haemoglobin. Increased oxygen carrying capacity of the blood Improved REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD to active muscles. INCREASED CAPILLARY NETWORK surrounding the muscles, therefore more blood is transported to the muscles. ARTERIAL WALLS become MORE ELASTIC – allowed greater flow of blood to the working muscles.
- 18. THE CARDIAC (HEART) RESPONSE HEART becomes and . in resting heart rate. Increased thickness and strength of the VENTRICULAR WALL causes an increase in the STROKE VOLUME and a lowering of the resting pulse rate. Larger stroke volume also means that there is an increase in maximal OUTPUT. After exercise, the Heart Rate returns back to its normal resting levels faster than it did before training (IMPROVED
- 19. THE CARDIAC (HEART) RESPONSE HEART becomes LARGER and STRONGER. DECREASE in resting heart rate. Increased thickness and strength of the LEFT VENTRICULAR WALL causes an increase in the STROKE VOLUME and a lowering of the resting pulse rate. Larger stroke volume also means that there is an increase in maximal CARDIAC OUTPUT. After exercise, the Heart Rate returns back to its normal resting levels faster than it did before training (IMPROVED RECOVERY).
- 20. RESPIRATORY RESPONSE More ALVEOLI in the lungs can be utilised – greater surface area for gaseous exchange. Greater CAPILLARISATION of the alveoli – oxygen transfer further enhanced. THE EFFECT ON TENDONS / LIGAMENTS / CARTILAGE The TENDONS, BONES and LIGAMENTS get stronger to cope with the increased load. CARTILAGE may increase to cope with the increased impact.
- 21. RECOVERY RESPONSE This is a combination of the improvements witnessed in the HEART and LUNGS. The effect of this improvement is to allow more OXYGEN to become available for RECOVERY more rapidly at the end of exercise. Coupled with the improved transportation of oxygen is the improved transport of CARBON DIOXIDE from the working muscles to the lungs. Therefore improving the process of LACTATE REMOVAL.