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This document provides an overview of computers, including their basic components and functions. It discusses that a computer is an electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data. It also explains that hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer, while software refers to the instructions that guide the hardware. The document then describes different types of computers like desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and game consoles. It also discusses operating systems, applications, and basic computer components like the computer case, monitor, keyboard, mouse, and power cord.
Class 1
- 1. 1 RangpurSoftLTD RangpurSoft Ltd Parker More,Near Begum rokeya University Gate BRFC food corner building, 1st floor www.rangpursoft.com Email:amirulislamcse@gmail.com Cell: +8801719421526, +8801751281844 Lecture Sheet-1: What is a computer? A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You probably already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos. Hardware vs. software Before we talk about different types of computers, let's talk about two things all computers have in common:hardware and software. Hardware is any part of your computer that has a physical structure, such as the keyboard or mouse. It also includes all of the computer's internal parts, which you can see in the image below.
- 2. 2 RangpurSoftLTD Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells it how to accomplish each task. Some examples of software include web browsers, games, and word processors. Below, you can see an image of Microsoft PowerPoint, which is used to create presentations. What are the different types of computers? When most people hear the word computer, they think of a personal computer such as a desktop or laptop. However, computers come in many shapes and sizes, and they perform many different functions in our daily lives. When you withdraw cash from an ATM, scan groceries at the store, or use a calculator, you're using a type of computer. Desktop computers Many people use desktop computers at work, home, school, or the library. They can be small, medium, or large in style, and they usually sit on a desk.
- 3. 3 RangpurSoftLTD Once you add a monitor, mouse, and keyboard, you have what is typically known as a desktop computer. Laptop computers The second type of computer you may be familiar with is a laptop computer, or a laptop. Laptops are battery- or AC-powered personal computers that are more portable than desktop computers, allowing you to use them almost anywhere. Tablet computers Tablet computers—or tablets—are handheld computers that are even more portable than laptops. Instead of a keyboard or touchpad, tablets use a touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation. The iPad is an example of a tablet. Other types of computers Today, there are many everyday devices that are basically specialized computers, even though we don't always think of them as computers. Here are a few common examples: Mobile phones: Many mobile phones can do a lot of things computers can do, such as browsing the Internet and playing games. These phones are often called smartphones. Game consoles: A game console is a specialized kind of computer that is used for playing video games. Although they are not as fully featured as
- 4. 4 RangpurSoftLTD desktop computers, many newer consoles allow you to perform nongaming tasks like browsing the Web. TVs: Many TVs now include applications—or apps—that let you access various types of online content. For example, you can view your Facebook News Feed or watch streaming movies on Netflix. What is an operating system? An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of itssoftware and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language.Without an operating system, a computer is useless. The operating system's job Your computer's operating system (OS) manages all of the software and hardware on the computer. Most of the time, there are many different computer programs running at the same time, and they all need to access your computer's central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage. The operating system coordinates all of this to make sure each program gets what it needs. Types of operating systems Operating systems usually come preloaded on any computer you buy. Most people use the operating system that comes with their computer, but it's possible to upgrade or even change operating systems. The three most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, andLinux.
- 5. 5 RangpurSoftLTD Microsoft Windows Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s. Over the years, there have been many different versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are Windows 8 (released in 2012), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007). Windows comes preloaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the world. If you're buying a new computer or are upgrading to a newer version of Windows, you can choose from several different editions of Windows, such as Home Premium, Professional, and Ultimate. What is an application? You may have heard people talking about using an application or an app. But what exactly does that mean? An app is a type of software that allows you to perform specific tasks. Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called desktop applications, and those for mobile devices are called mobile apps. When you open an application, it runs inside the operating system until you close it. Most of the time, you
- 6. 6 RangpurSoftLTD will have more than one application open at the same time, and this is known as multitasking. Types of desktop applications There are countless desktop applications out there, and they fall into many different categories. Some are morefull-featured (like Microsoft Word), while others may only do one or two things (like gadgets). Below are just a few types of applications you might use: Word processors: A word processor allows you to write a letter, design a flyer, and create many other types of documents. The most well-known word processor is Microsoft Word. Personal finance: Personal finance software, such as Quicken, allows you to keep track of your income and expenses and create a budget, among other tasks. Most personal finance programs can automatically download information from your bank so you don't have to manually type in all of your transactions. Web browsers: A web browser is the tool you use to access theInternet. Most computers come with a web browser pre-installed, but you can also download a different one if you prefer. Examples of browsers include Internet Explorer, Firefox, Google Chrome, and Safari. Games: There are many different games you can play on your computer. They range from card games such as Solitaire to action games like Halo 2.
- 7. 7 RangpurSoftLTD Many action games require a lot of computing power, so they may not work unless you have a newer computer. Media players: If you want to listen to MP3s or watch moviesyou've downloaded, you'll need to use a media player. Windows Media Player and iTunes are popular media players. Gadgets: Sometimes called widgets, these are simple applications you can place on your desktop (or on the Dashboard if you're using a Mac). There are many different types of gadgets, and they includecalendars, calculators, maps, and news headlines. Basic Parts of a Computer The basic parts of a desktop computer are the computer case, monitor,keyboard, mouse, and power cord. Each part plays an important rolewhenever you use a computer. Computer case The computer case is the metal and plastic box that contains the main componentsof the computer. It houses the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), power supply, and more. Monitor The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to display images and text on the screen. Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light- emitting diode) displays. These can be made very thin, and they are often called flat-panel displays. Older monitors use CRT (cathode ray
- 8. 8 RangpurSoftLTD tube) displays. CRT monitors are much larger and heavier, and they take up more desk space. Power cord The power cord is the link between the power outlet and the power supply unit in the computer casing. If the power cord is not plugged in, the computer will not power on. To protect your computer from voltage spikes, you can plug the power cord in to a surge protector. You can also use an uninterruptable power supply (UPS), which acts as a surge protector and provides temporary power if there is a blackout. Keyboard The keyboard is one of the primary ways we communicate with the computer and enter data. There are many different types of computer keyboards, including wired, wireless, ergonomic, and multimedia. Although there may be differences in the location of some keys or features, keyboards are very similar and allow you to accomplish basically the same tasks. Mouse The mouse is a peripheral that is known as a pointing device. It lets you point to objects on the
- 9. 9 RangpurSoftLTD screen, click on them, and move them. There are two main types of mice: optical and mechanical. The opticalmouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement and is easier to clean. The mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to detect movement. Generally, a mechanical mouse is less expensive, although it may require regular cleaning to keep it working properly. Traditionally, a mouse connects to the computer using a USB or PS/2connection. However, you can also buy a wireless mouse, which can list of Input Devices: Keyboard Mouse Scanner Digital Camera , Camcorder Gamepad, Joystick, Steering wheel. Mic Webcam Output Devices: Common Output devices include; Monitor Printer Speaker Questions: 1. What does a computer allow you to do? A. Type documents and send email B. Browse the Internet C. Store and retrieve data D. All of the above 2. A mouse can connect to the computer with a ________ connection. A. USB B. PS/2 C. Bluetooth D. All of the above
- 10. 10 RangpurSoftLTD 3. To guard against malware, you will need to have ________. A. antivirus software B. a can of compressed air C. a word processor D. spyware 4. If a Windows program has become unresponsive, which keys do you press to open the Task Manager? A. Shift, Tab, Enter B. Home, Control, Shift C. Space bar, F1, Tab D. Control, Alt, Delete A. complete Microcomputer system includes ? Ans: Microprocessor, memory, peripheral equipment. B. What is Windows? Ans: A personal computer operating system from Microsoft. C. What does ‘System Software’ Includes? Ans: The operating system and all the utilities that enable the computer to function. D. What is the other name of ‘Main Memory’? Ans: Primary Memory E. What kind of device is Monitor? Ans: Output device