CLASS-X GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-6

MINERAL BASED
INDUSTRIES
PART -3

MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES
1. Iron and Steel Industry.
2. Aluminium Smelting.
3. Chemical Industres.
4. Fertiliser Industry.
5. Cement Industry.
6. Automobile Industry.
7. Electronics Industry.
8. Information Technology

INTRODUCTION
• Industries that use minerals and metals as raw
materials are called mineral based industries.

1.IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
 The iron and steel industry is the basic industry
since all the other industries-heavy,medium and
light,depend on it for their machinery.

Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of
engineering goods,construction
material,defence,medical,telphonic,scientific
equipment and a variety of consumer goods.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING
OF STEEL
• Production and consumption of steel is often
regarded as the index of a country's development.
• Iron ore,coking coal and limestone are required in
the ratio of approximately 4:2:1
• Some quantities of manganese,are also required to
harden the steel.

COKING COAL
• Coaking coal is a grade of coal that can be used to
produce good quality coke.
• Coke is an essential fuel and reactant in the blast
furnace process for primary steel making.

Pig Iron-is an intermediate product of
the iron industry,which is obtained by
smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.

•India ranks ninth among the world
crude steel producers.
•It is the largest producer of sponge
iron.(is a metalic product through the
direct reduction of iron ore in the strong
state)

MINI STEEL PLANT
I. These are smaller
steel plants.
II. These plants use steel
scarp and sponge iron
for making steel.
III. Have electric
furnaces.
IV. They produce mild
and alloy steel of
given specifications
INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT
I. These are larger steel
plants.
II. These plants use basic
raw maerial for making
steel.
III. These plants use blast
furnaces.
IV. They handles everything
in one complex-from
raw material to steel
making.

PUBLIC SECTOR-SAIL
PRIVATE SECTOR -TISCO
• China is the largest producer and consumer of steel

Why Chotanagpur plateau has the maximum
concentration of iron and steel industries?
I. Low cost of iron ore.
II. High grade raw material in proximity.
III. Cheap labour
IV. Vast growth potential in the home market

IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY(NOT ABLE TO
PERFORM FULL POTENTIAL)
I. High costs and limited availability of coking coal.
II. Lower productivity of labour.
III. Irregualr supply of energy.
IV. Poor infrastructure.

Liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment
have given boost to the industry with the
effort of private entrepreneurs.

ALUMINIUM -
Second most important metallurgical industry in India.
It is light,resistant to corrosion
A good conductor of heat.
Mallable and becomes strong when it is mixed with
other metals
USES:
Used to manufacture aircraft,utensils and wires.
Substitute of steel,copper,zinc and lead in a number of
industries.

There are 8 aluminium smelting plants in the
country.
Located in Odisha,(Nalco and Balco)
• Nalco-National Aluminium Company Limited.
• Balco-Bharath Aluminium Company Limited.
West bengal,Kerlal,Uttar
pradesh,Chattisgarh,Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.

BAUXITE
 Ore of aluminium.
It is very bulky,dark reddish coloured rock.

FACTORS FOR LOCATION OF INDUSTRY
I. Regular supply of electricity
II. An assured source of raw material at minimum
cost.

4 to 6 tonnes of bauxite------2 tonnes of
alumina-------1 tonne of aluminium

PITCH FROM A COLLIERY
• Black coloured solution obtained after distiliation of
the ore.

3.CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
It contributes approximately 3% of the GDP.
It is the third largest in Asia and occupies the 12 th
place in the world in terms of size.
It comprises both large and small scale
manufacturing units.
Organic chemicals and inorganic chemicals.

ORGANIC CHEMICALS
Includes petrochemicals.used for manufacturing of
syntheetic fibres,synthtic rubber,plastics,dye-
stuffs,drugs and pharmaceuticals.
Organic chemical plants are located near oil
refinaries or petrochemical plants.

INORGANIC CHEMICALS
Include sulphuric acid(used to
manufacture fertilisers,synthetic
fibres,plastics,adhesives,paints,dyestuff
s)
nitric acid,alkalies,soda ash(used to
make glass,soaps,and detergents,paper)
and caustic soda.

4.FERTILISER INDUSTRY
• Centered around the production of
nitrogenous fertilisers (mainly
urea),Phosphatic fertilisers and ammonium
phosphate(DAP).
• Complex fertilisers which have a combination
of nitrogen(N),phosphate(P), and potash(K).

India is the third largest producer of
nitrogenous fertilisers.
There are 57 fertiliser units
manufacturing nitrogenous fertilisers,29
for urea and 9 for producing ammonium
sulphate as a by produt.
There are 10 public sector undertakings
and one in cooperative sector at Hazira
in Gujarat under the Fertiliser
Corporation of India.

5.CEMENT INDUSTRY-Favourable
location
Cement is essential for construction activity such as
building
houses,factories,bridges,roads,airports,dams and
others.
Requires bulky and heavy raw materials like
limestone,silica,alumina and gypsum.
Coal and electric power are needed apart from rail
transportation

The first cement plant was set up in Chennai
in1904.
After independence the industry expanded.
Decontrol of price and distribution since 1989 led
the cement industry to make rapid strides in
capacity,process,technology and production
There are 128 large plants and 332 mini steel
plants.
Improvement in quality has found a readily
avaialble market in East Asia,Middle East,Afrcia,and
South Asia apart from a large demand within the
country.

6.AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
Automobile provide vehicle for quick transport of
good services and passengers.
After the liberalisation,the coming in of new and
contemporary models stimulated the demand for
vehicles in the market.
Foreign Direct Investment brought in new
technology and aligned the industry with global
development.

Manufacturers of passenger cars and multi utility
vehicles ----15
Commercial vehicles ---09
Two and three -wheelers-14
The industry is located around
Delhi,Gurgaon,Mumbai,Pune,Chennai,Kolkata,Luck
now,Bengaluru,Hyderabad. etc

ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY
Covers a wide rage of products from transistor sets
to telivision,telephones,radars,computers.
Bengaluru has emerged as the electronic capital of
India.
Important centres-
Mumbai,Delhi,Chennai,Kolkata,Coimbatore.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
A major impact of this industry has been on
employment generation.
18 software technology parks provide single window
service.
30% of the people employed in this sector are women.
Major foreign exchange earner..because of its fast
growing Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector.
Growth in hardware and software is the key to the
success of IT industry in India

• A Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) organisation
is responsible for performing a process or a part of
a process of another business organisation;
outsourcing is done to save on costs or gain in
productivity

CLASS-X GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-6

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