Cloud computing offers cost efficiencies and flexibility but also significant security concerns that are limiting its adoption. Research in trusted computing and encryption techniques could help address these issues by extending control over sensitive data stored in the cloud. This would alleviate fears about cloud computing and potentially provide business advantages over isolated IT systems. Continued advances are also needed to maintain security against new threats from increased cloud reliance, such as tools to prevent privacy leaks, perform authentication, and ensure availability despite denial-of-service attacks.