Cmp104 lec 4 types of computer
- 2. Types of computer Type of computer Digital Analog Hybrid computer computer Computer Micro Main Frame Super Mini Computer Computer Computer Computer Handheld Dumb Desktop PC Laptops Devices Terminal Intelligent Terminal
- 3. Analog computer Analog computer measures and answer the questions by the method of “HOW MUCH”. The input data is not a number infect a physical quantity like temperature, pressure, speed, velocity. An analog computer is a form of computer that uses the continuously-changeable aspects of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the problem being solved.
- 4. Analog computer i. Signals are continuous of (0 to 10 V) ii. Accuracy 1% Approximately iii. High speed iv. Output is continuous v. Time is wasted in transmission time
- 5. Digital Computers Digital computer counts and answer the questions by the method of “HOW Many”. The input data is represented by a number. These are used for the logical and arithmetic operations. Signals are two level of (0 V or 5 V) Accuracy unlimited low speed sequential as well as parallel processing Output is continuous but obtain when computation is completed.
- 6. Hybrid Computer • Hybrid computers are computers that exhibit features of analog computers and digital computers. • The digital component normally serves as the controller and provides logical operations, while the analog component normally serves as a solver of differential equations. • Some old hybrid computer system was HRS- 100, ХРС-100, GVS-100.
- 7. Types of Digital Computer • Micro Computer • Mini Computer • Mainframe • Super Computer
- 8. Micro Computer Micro computer are the smallest computer system. There size range from calculator to desktop size. Its CPU is microprocessor. It also known as Grand child Computer. Application : - personal computer, Multi user system, offices.
- 9. Micro Computer They brought revolution in the history of computers. They are cheap and user friendly. They are having limited peripherals attached to them. They are used as desktops either in offices or even homes. Most popular micro computer’s processing chip manufacturing company is Intel. Examples are : Desktop PC, Laptop, Handheld devices.
- 10. Desktop PC • A desktop PC is the most popular model of PCs • It is widely used in homes and offices. • There are various Components of Desktop PC like Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, Rand om Access Memory, Scanner, Hard Disk.
- 11. Laptops • Laptops are Small microcomputers that can easily fit inside a brief case. • Laptops are very useful ,When going on long journeys. • Memory and Storage capacity of a laptop like a desktop. • Laptops are more expensive than desktop computer.
- 12. Handheld Devices • Handheld Devices are small in size (Small Screen, small Keyboard). • Handheld devices are Personal digital assistants(PDA) ,cellular phone. • PDA offer a collection of application software for word Processing, spread sheets, games. • Cellular phone provide the telephone capability.
- 13. Mainframe Computers Mainframe computers are those computers that offer faster processing and greater storage area. • Application – Host computer, Central data base server. • They are big computer systems sensitive to temperature, humidity, dust etc. • Qualified & trained operators are required to operate them.
- 14. Mainframe Computer • They have wide range of peripherals attached. • They have large storage capacity. • They can use wide variety of software. • They are not user friendly. • They can be used for more mathematical calculations. • They are installed in large commercial places or government organizations like banks, airline and university e.g. IBM S/390.
- 15. Dumb Terminal and Intelligent Terminals • Dumb Terminals consist only monitor and a keyboard. • They do not have their own CPU and memory and use mainframe system’s CPU and storage devices. • Intelligent Terminal have their own processor and can perform some processing operations. • They do not have their own storage space.
- 16. Mini Computer These are also small general purpose system. They are generally more powerful and more useful as compared to micro computer. Mini computer are also known as mid range computer or Child computer. • Application :- Departmental systems, Network Servers, work group system.
- 17. Mini Computer Minicomputers fall in the range between Mainframes and Microcomputers They have less memory & storage capacity than mainframe computers. They offer limited range of peripherals. Limited range of software can be used by them. The end users can directly operate it. They are not very sensitive to the external environment and hence are more generalized. They are used for data processing.
- 18. Super Computer • Super computer are those computer which are designed for scientific job like whether forecasting and artificial intelligence etc. They are fastest and expensive. A super computer contains a number of CPU which operate in parallel to make it faster. It also known as grand father computer. • Application – weather forecasting, weapons research and development, Online Banking, controlling industrial units.
- 19. Super Computer They are huge computers installed in space centers, nuclear power stations etc. They are used for performing complex mathematical calculations. Only scientists and mathematicians can operate them. They are having huge memories & tremendous processing speed. They are used for weather forecasting, animation graphics etc.
- 20. Super computer
- 21. EKA (Supercomputer) • EKA is a supercomputer built by the Computational Research Laboratories (a subsidiary of Tata Sons) with technical assistance and hardware provided by Hewlett-Packard. • Eka means the number One in Sanskrit. • It was built within a short period of 6 weeks. • At the time of its debut, it was the 4th fastest supercomputer in the world and the fastest in Asia.
- 22. Why does India need Super Computer? • Supercomputers were considered a double edged weapon capable of assisting in the development of nuclear weapons. • Cray supercomputers denied to give the supercomputer technology to India as a result of a technology embargo. • Technology embargo is the partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country, in order to isolate the country from that technology . • Embargoes are considered strong diplomatic measures imposed in an effort, by US to India's government.
- 23. • For the purpose of achieving self sufficiency in the field, the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) was set up in 1988 by the Department of Electronics with Dr. Vijay Bhatkar as its Director. • The project was given an initial run of 3 years and an initial funding of 30 Crore INR. Because the same amount of money and time was usually expended to purchase a supercomputer from the US. In 1990, a prototype was produced and it surpassed most other systems, placing India second after US.
- 24. Indian Supercomputer by CDAC • PARAM 8000 • PARAM 8600 • PARAM 9900/SS • PARAM 10000 • PARAM Padma • PARAM Yuva
- 25. Param Supercomputer presence in Internationally
- 26. World’s Fastest Supercomputer • As of June 2012, IBM Sequoia is the fastest in the world. • Sequoia will be used primarily for nuclear weapons simulation, replacing the current Blue Gene/L and ASC Purple supercomputers. • Sequoia will also be available for scientific purposes such as energy, study of the human genome, and climate change. • The entire supercomputer runs on Linux, with Compute Node Linux running on over 98,000 nodes.
- 27. Applications of Computer • Word Processing • Internet (large information, Email, Chat software(facebook, Gtalk)) • Digital Video Composition • Sports (Action Replay) • Music ,Movie • Hospitals (check blood pressure, monitor pulse rate,ECG)
- 28. • Weather Forecasting (detect the Air,pressure,humidity) • Education (PowerPoint Presentation) • Online Banking (Internet Banking,ATM) • Robots • Games
Editor's Notes
- #14: Mainframes are being used more as specialised servers on the www,enabling companies to offer secure transactions with customers over theInternet. If you purchase an airline ticket over the web there is a goodchance your transaction is being handled by a mainframe system. In this type of application the mainframe system may be referred to as anenterprise server or an e-commerce server.
- #15: In a traditional mainframe environment each user works at a computerterminal. A terminal is a monitor and a keyboard wired to the mainframe.There are two types of terminals used with mainframes1. Dumb terminal – no CPU or storage devices. This is simply an I/Odevice that functions as a window into a computer locatedelsewhere.2. Intelligent terminal – has its own processor and can performprocessing operations but do not provide ant storage.A mainframe system can house an enormous volume of data containingbillions of records. Large mainframe systems can handle the input andoutput requirements of several thousand terminals. The largest IBMS/390 mainframe can support 50,000 users simultaneously whileexecuting 1,600,000,000 instructions per second.Mainframes start at $30,000 while extensive mainframes can costseveral million dollars. It used to be common for mainframe computers tooccupy entire offices or entire floors. Typically they were placed in glassoffices with special air conditioning to keep them cool and on raisedfloors to accommodate all the wiring needed to connect the system.Today a typical mainframe looks like an unimposing cabinet – or row ofcabinets – though it may still need a somewhat controlled environment.