Cognition & language
- 1. Cognition & Language Instructor; Rustam
- 2. Lecture outline • Cognitive Psychology • Thinking and Reasoning • Creativity • Problem Solving • Computers and Problem Solving • Judgment • Decision Making • Language • Noam Chomsky Work • (LAD) 1960 • Child Language Development • Cognition & Language
- 3. Cognitive Psychology • “The branch of psychology that focuses on the study of higher mental processes, including thinking, language, memory, problem solving, knowing, reasoning, judging, and decision making.” • Three major topics of Cognitive Psychology • Thinking and reasoning, • Creativity and Problem solving • Language
- 4. Thinking and Reasoning Thinking • Thinking is the manipulation of mental representations of information. • The process of considering or reasoning about something. • We begin by considering our use of mental images and concepts, the building blocks of thought. Reasoning • The process by which information is used to draw conclusions and make decisions. • Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic to seek truth and draw conclusions from new or existing information. • Formal reasoning in which people draw a conclusion from a set of assumptions.
- 5. Creativity • The creative process involves critical thinking and problem-solving skills, • Five steps in creativity 1. Preparation 2. Incubation 3. Illumination 4. Evaluation 5. Verification
- 6. Problem Solving • Problem solving is a process which have been used to find solutions of difficult and complex issues • Thus, problem solving is the process of identifying a problem, developing an algorithm for the identified problem and finally implementing the algorithm to develop a computer program • Three Steps of Problem Solving 1. Preparation: Diagnose Problems 2. Production: Generate solution 3. Judgment: Evaluate solution
- 7. Judgment • An opinion or decision that is based on careful thought • The act or process of forming an opinion or making a decision after careful thought • The act of judging something or someone • The ability to make good decisions about what should be done
- 8. Computers and Problem Solving • Solving problems is the core of computer science • Programmers must first understand how a human solves a problem, then understand how to translate this • Artificial Intelligence on this concept • Work on past of individual
- 9. Decision Making • Decision making is the process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions. • Using a step-by-step decision-making process can help you make more deliberate, thoughtful decisions by organizing relevant information and defining alternative
- 10. Language • Language and language development are cognitive processes that involve the ability to understand and express thoughts through spoken and written words • A cognitive ability central to communication. • Closely linked to the way in which we think about and understand the world • Without language, our ability to transmit information, acquire knowledge, and cooperate with others would become difficult
- 11. Noam Chomsky Work • Children do not learn a new language but naturally acquire it through an innate language device • Neurological system in human brains that supports language acquisition. • All humans have a universal Grammar(UG). • Children are exposed to infinite data and given data LAD produce a finite set of Grammar rules.
- 12. Language Acquisition Device (LAD) 1960 • Proposed by Noam Chomsky the LAD concept is an instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language. • This theory asserts that humans are born with the instinct or innate facility for acquiring language.
- 13. Child Language Development • Cooing 6 weeks • Babbling 6 months • One-word stage 1 year • Two-word stage 18 months • Longer utterances 2-4 years (50,000) words
- 14. Language and culture • Language and culture are intertwined. • A particular language usually points out to a specific group of people. • When you interact with another language, it means that you are also interacting with the culture that speaks the language. • You cannot understand one's culture without accessing its language
- 15. Cognition & Language • Language and cognition are partners in child development. • We use language to learn new ideas, to talk about our thoughts and fears, and interact with those around us. • Language is how thoughts fly through the air from one mind to another. • Language skills and cognitive skills are related to each other.
- 16. Thanks