Cognition and learning in education
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This document discusses cognition and its components. It defines cognition as the highly evolved functions of the brain that allow humans to know and understand. The main components of cognition are consciousness, attention, orientation, speech and language, and memory. It describes each of these components in detail. It also discusses differences between left and right hemispheres of the brain and how they contribute to various cognitive functions like language, creativity, logic, and perception. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of working memory and encoding for new learning and improving performance.
Cognition and learning in education
- 1. COGNITION Highly evolved functions of brain different from animals. Different meanings in different sciences. Ability to know.
- 2. COMPONENTS 1. Conscious status. 2. Attention 3. Orientation 4. Speech and Language 5. Memory
- 3. NON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS 1. Appearance and Behaviour 2. Mood and thought process 3. Perceptions 4. Abstracting ability 5. Judgment and Insight
- 4. CONSCIOUSNESS Means remaining awake and being interested in what is happening. Major brain and brain stem maintain arousal and consciousness.
- 5. ATTENTION Capacity to direct and maintain ones focus on matters of particular interest. Sustained attention – Concentration.
- 6. ORIENTATION 1. Understanding oneself. 2. Time 3. Place 4. Person 5. Situation
- 7. SPEECH AND LANGUAGE 1. COMPREHENSION - Understanding 2. REPETITION – Repeating what others say 3. EXPRESSION – Spontaneously writing and speaking
- 9. DOMINANCE OF BRAIN 1. Language functions in left hemisphere 2. Very rarely in right hemisphere 3. Language hemisphere – Dominant hemisphere
- 10. AUDIO VISUAL 1. Language and learning are inter related 2. Audio visual – Verbal and Visual 3. All 3 components share A & V
- 12. LANGUAGE AREAS
- 13. 1. Understanding Lecture. 2. Understanding books 3. Reading silently 4. Reading aloud 5. Writing spontaneously 6. Writing to dictations 7. Speaking spontaneously 8. Answering specific questions
- 14. NON DOMINANT LANGUAGE 1. Stress on a word 2. Contextual meaning 3. Prosody of speech 4. Emotional aspects of speech
- 16. MEMORY Capacity to acquire, store and retrieve information.
- 17. Multiple systems and processes with different functional roles and anatomical substrates.
- 18. BRAIN LOBES
- 19. TYPES OF MEMORY 1. Short term 2. Long term
- 20. TYPES OF MEMORY 1. Procedural memory 2. Declarative Memory a) Semantic b) Episodic
- 22. SHORT TERM MEMORY 1. Learnt form of memory 2. Limited amount of information 3. Brief period of time 4. Working memory
- 23. WORKING MEMORY High functional role in every day life Writing under dictation Understanding and producing speech. Manipulating mental images
- 24. WORKING MEMORY 1. Activates and manipulates information stored in long term memory. 2. Updates information
- 25. WORKING MEMORY 1. Inhibition of unwanted information 2. Selective attention to desired information
- 26. WORKING MEMORY 1. Does complex processing tasks. 2. Coordinate verbal and visuospatial stores.
- 27. WORKING MEMORY Independent verbal system 2. Independent visuospatial system 3. Integrating system called central executive
- 28. EPISODIC MEMORY 1. Memory linked to time and period 2. Memory related to events. 3. Buying a new dress, from a particular store for a particular function.
- 29. PROCESSING OF MEMORY 1. Encoding 2. Storing 3. Retrieving
- 30. ENCODING The process that converts a stimulus or an event into mnesic trace.
- 31. ENCODING Strength of Encoding depends on depth of processing performed. Semantic processing and cognitive elaboration of information reinforces its strength. Positively influences subsequent retrieval. Then consolidated and stored in long term memory.
- 32. STORAGE The process of keeping the encoded information secure in brain for future use.
- 34. RETRIEVAL The process of reactivating information from long term memory.
- 35. RETRIEVAL Free recall Cued recall Recognition
- 36. FREE RECALL Ability to retrieve information actively from memory Eg. What is the capital of Maharastra - Mumbai
- 37. CUED RECALL Retrieval of information facilitated by cues. Who is the PM assasinated by Body guards? She is daughter of Nehru, Mrs.Indira Gandhi.
- 38. RECOGNITION 1. The capacity to acknowledge that an information has previous been encountered. 2. What is Joules constant 3. I know there is a Joules constant but not able to re- collect what is it
- 39. SITE OF MEMORY Dominant – Verbal Non dominant – Visuospatial
- 40. NONDOMINANT HEMISPHERE 1. Musical Memory 2. Visuospatial Memory 3. Geographical Memory
- 41. IMPROVING MEMORY Using mnemonics. Using tricks. Improving life styles--sleep
- 43. INTELLIGENCE Aggregate of global capacity of an individual, to act purposefully, think rationaly and to deal effectively with his environment.
- 44. INTELLIGENCE Depends on many cognitive functions and the activity of whole brain.
- 45. CREATIVITY Depends on multiple modality based intelligence Non dominant hemisphere Over development of highly evolved associative areas of brain
- 46. NON SCHOLASTIC PERFORMANCE CURIOSITY READYNESS TO LEARN INTEREST PERSISTENCE AMBITION MOTIVATION PROPERTY VARY FROM PERSON TO PERSON NOT MEASURES OF INTELLIGENCE
- 47. POOR SCHOLASTIC PERFORMANCE Poor inherited intelligence Disorder of Brain Identify noncognitive skills Use procedural memory
- 48. RIGHT HEMISPHERE
- 49. RIGHT HEMISPHERE Dominant in perception and identification of environmental and non verbal sounds. Analysis of geometric and visual space Depth perception 3 D
- 50. RIGHT HEMISPHERE Comprehension and expression of prosodic, melodic, visual, facial and verbal emotion.
- 51. RIGHT HEMISPHERE Creativity Imagination Holistic activity Arts(motor skills) Rhythm of Music
- 52. RIGHT HEMISPHERE Thinks nonverbaly Feelings Visualisation Tones of songs Day dreaming
- 53. LEFT HEMISPHERE Logic Analysis Sequential Linear Maths
- 54. LEFT HEMISPHERE Language Facts Thinks in words Words of songs Competitive
- 55. LEFT VS RIGHT Left hemispherical speech unempathetic and mechanical; right shows emotion. Left synthesizes over time; right over space. Left concentrates on conceptual similarities; right over visual similarities. Left codes in terms of language; right in terms of images. Left shows selective and sequential attention;right shows sustained attention.
- 56. LEFT VS RIGHT Left analyses in sequential way focusing on words like solving a maths problem step by step. Right focuses on whole image and processes information in imaginative and simultaneous way. Left is like a serial processor of a computer; right is like a parallel processor.
- 57. LEFT VS RIGHT
- 58. LEFT VS RIGHT LEFT RIGHT Logical Random Rational Holistic Analytical Imaginative Objective Subjective Looks parts Looks details Serial Parallel
- 59. RIGHT & LEFT Digital brain Left Reading, writing, calculating and analysis Right Analogue Brain 3D size, creativity, arts
- 60. IDENTIFICATION Left hemisphere dominant student like to work alone Finds interest in research and analysis Writing Paper Interested in details. Studies object part by part.
- 61. RIGHT HEMISPHERE STUDENT Work in company Students in class room Enjoy art projects Interested in hands on activity
- 62. GIVING DIRECTION Left hemisphere Go straight 2kms turn to right and then left, go straight for 2kms, turn right and then right and go straight.
- 63. GIVING DIRECTION Right hemisphere Go straight, identify Nellaiappar temple, cross RMKV, Tower and VOC ground.
- 64. LEFT TEACHING Write an outline on board. Sequences Conduct lectures Verbal dependent Vocabulary crosswords Verbal Discuss in detail Likes concepts Individual assignments Likes to work alone Research paper Likes analysis Quite room Dislike distraction
- 65. RIGHT TEACHING No outlines Not analytical Study guide Visual clues OHPS, slides Visual comprehension Group discussion Learns in company Project work Good at arts Maps & graphs Visuospatial skills A picture worth thousand words.
- 66. Whole brain teaching better than stereotyped one. Incorporating right hemispherical skills which are less utilized may help studentS learn better.
- 67. Working memory is essential for new learning. Learned matter needs to be retained for longtime to improve performance. This needs deeper encoding.
- 68. Deeper encoding and stronger consolidation needs repetitive reading. Semantic processing and cognitive eloboration i e eloborate reading and understanding of factual knowledge improves encoding and thus learning.
- 69. Repeatedly doing a thing or reading makes the recall easier one and makes it reflexive like a number table.
- 70. Cognitive skills become basics of learning and proper utilization of them leads to success.
- 71. THANKYOU