Readingasaprocess
- 2. Reading involves many processes. Physiological Cognitive Communication Psycho-social
- 3. READING AS A PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
- 4. PHYSIOLOGY •Physiology is the science dealing with the functions and vital processes of living organisms.
- 5. How is reading as a physiological process?
- 6. Eyes see the printed word or the images. Light patterns from the printed symbols hit the foveal areas or closely-packed sensory cells of the retina. Chemical change is induced that create patterns of nerve currents into the optic nerve fiber. Currents travel to the center of the mid- brain. Using the currents, the cerebral cortex interprets the symbols.
- 7. What are the different eye movements involved in reading?
- 8. • Eyes stopping or getting fixated on the word or words • The duration of fixation is the length of time the eyes has to pause. Fixation • Eyes moving from stopping point to the otherInter-fixation • Eyes swinging back from the end line to the beginning of the next lineReturn Sweeps • Short quick hop and jump movements done especially by literate people to move ahead on a line of printSaccades • Backward right-to-left movement in case there is a need to double check what is being readRegressions
- 9. READING AS A COGNITIVE PROCESS
- 10. TWO STEPS INVOLVED IN COGNITION: • The extraneous process creates a stimulus on the visual centers of the brain. This consists in two essential aspects, namely, word recognition or the written symbols and attentive adjustment by the reader on these symbols. • Fusion/ interpretation/ construction of meaning by the mind out of the stimuli.
- 11. These two steps involve other complex processes which include: Immediatearousal ofassociationinrecognition ofthe written symbols --- their pronunciation, vocabulary meaning, context, etc. Otherstimuli inclusiveofkinesthetic or auditory These stimuli are distributed to brain centers (instinct, feelings, imagination, reason, abstractintelligence, will) Synthesis or the fusion of related inputs from brain centers resulting in the recognition of the meaning of the printed symbols
- 13. EVALUATIVE –judgmenton the reading materialsuch as the informationon data, the event,persons involved,etc. APPLIED - forming opinionsand applications INTERPR ETATIVE - what is read combined with one’s subjective ideas LITE RAL- knowing what is read as is
- 14. Higher comprehension skills are characterized by: 1. Self-awareness 2. Careful reading and greater retention 3. Making previous assumptions or hypothesis 4. The deliberate and combined ability to reflect, question, classify, summarize, and predict 5. Information reading which gives attention to SQ3R
- 15. What is SQ3R? survey question Read, Recite, Review S 3R Q
- 16. How is reading as a communication process?
- 17. LANGUAGE is a code system used by humans to communicate. And as there are diverse languages, there are diversities in the code system or symbol system as devised and used by
- 19. 1. Clarity • The reader can more easily and immediately understand language when the code symbols are concrete rather than abstractions (universal ideas) and generalizations. Example: Many students attended the student council meeting. Improved: Ninety-five college students attended Tuesday’s student council meeting.
- 20. 2. Simplicity • Complex wording written for the sake of verbal erudition is less easily understood, compared with what is expressed directly and to the point. Example: Shall we partake of our repast? Shall we eat? Mother’s culinary dishes are exquisite. Mother cooks well.
- 21. 3. Adapted Language • Words of expression should relate to the reader’s age, educational attainment, gender, ethnic origin, other personal factors. The inappropriate use of technical or specialized words should also be avoided.
- 22. 4. Forceful • Stimulating language provides color, interest and excitement. Example: He speaks at length while saying little. He spews forth words --- and says nothing.
- 23. 5. Vivid Language • Vivid wording is descriptive and stirs the senses of the reader. – Very good salesman --- crackerjacker persuader – Dishonest and evil --- festering corruption – Trouble spot --- seething hell
- 24. How is reading as a psycho-social process?
- 25. 1. People read messages from official communication, mass media and the internet. 2. Reading is a social activity that engages humans in the world. 3. Reading is also professional as it is a form of communication done in all the professions and human pursuits including scientific and technological research and studies. 4. Reading is a unique activity which you can adopt every day.
- 26. Reference: Developmental Reading 1 By Aida S. Villanueva, Ph.D. and Rogelio L. Delos Santos