Developmental reading
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The document discusses developmental reading and the reading process. It describes that reading is an interactive process between the writer and reader to derive meaning from text. It outlines several mental activities involved in reading, including word perception, comprehension, reaction, and assimilation of ideas. Several types of reading are also defined, such as skimming, scanning, exploratory, study, critical, and analytic reading. Finally, it discusses factors that affect the reading process, including social, psychological, physiological, perceptual, linguistic, and intellectual processes.
Developmental reading
- 1. DEVELOPMENTAL READING Reading is an active and interactive dialogue between the writer and the reader. It is also an intricate course of action of unlocking codes which represent specific meanings and convey the writers’ and the texts’ message. Miles Zintz (1972) claims that the efficient reader is expected to be able to perform the following mental activities: 1. Word perception The ability to pronounce the word as a meaningful unit. It involves sensation. This requires the ability to use sight vocabulary and configuration memory and context clues to determine pronunciation and meaning of words. 2. Comprehension The skill in making individual words construct useful ideas as they are read in context. On the literal level, one reads to understand the passage-its main thought, specific details, sequence, ad directions to be followed. This skill helps the reader to grasp the total meaning of the passage. 3. Reaction A judgment on what the author has said. It includes the ability to judge accuracy,quality, or worth. Reaction occurs only when comprehension is fully realized. One’s reaction to any reading text is affected by culture. Culture controls the quality and quantity of experience available to the reader. 4. Assimilation or Integration The ability to assimilate idea or concept into one’s background of experience so that it is useful as part of the individual’s total experience. It is determined by the reaction of the reader. If the ideas are accepted, they become part of his total experience. They are integrated with all previous related experience. Importance of reading 1. Reading helps in mental development and stimulates the muscles of the eyes. 2. It is said to significantly help in developing vocabulary, and reading aloud helps to build a strong emotional bond between parents and children.
- 2. 3. The children who start reading from an early age are observed to have a good language skills, and they grasp the variances in phonics much better. 4. It helps us stay in-touch with the world and makes us sensitive to global issues. Processes that affect reading Miles Zintz (1972) summarizes them as follows: 1. Reading is a social processes. It is affected by one’s attitudes, loyalties, conflicts, and prejudices. 2. Reading is psychological processes. Emotional stability determines one’s comfort in the reading situation. 3. Reading is physiological processes. One needs skills in auditory and visual discrimination, verbal expression, and eye-hand coordination to have successful reading experience. 4. Reading is a perceptual process. It utilizes perceptual clues: size, shape, color, combinations of sounds and letters, relationships of the parts of a whole, ordering’ and sequencing. 5. Reading is a linguistic processes. It requires sound-symbol relationships. It is dependent on context meanings and grasping ideas in whole thought units. It requires acceptance of social variations in language, non-standard usage, figurative language, and slang. 6. Reading is an intellectual processes. It is dependent on vocabulary, memory, verbal reasoning, perceiving relationships, generalizing, critical judgment, and accommodation to extreme individualized differences. Kinds of Reading Reading can be classified according to the rate or speed at which a person reads as well as to his purpose in reading. 1. Skimming is reading by the sign posts or clues in the selection. It is fast reading in which the reader reads headings and topic sentences and spot-reads parts of paragraphs. It gives the reader an overview of the material. 2. Scanning is glancing through a page to locate a particular kind of information.
- 3. 3. Exploratory reading is done when one aims to get a fairly accurate picture of a whole presentation of ideas. 4. Study reading is used to get a maximum understanding of the main ideas and their relationship. The SQ3R reading formula is a good example of the procedure. S stands for survey, Q for question, and 3R’s for READ, RECITE, and REVIEW. 5. Critical reading is done to consider facts carefully. This does not require to read fast. This is the kind of reading used on periodicals, books, and advertising materials which are loaded with propaganda devices designed to sway opinions or sell products. 6. Analytic reading is the type that demands careful attention to each word and its relative importance in relation to other words in the sentence or paragraph.