Reading as a process
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Reading involves physiological, cognitive, and psycho-social processes. Physiologically, reading requires the eyes to focus on words while the brain interprets symbols. Cognitively, reading is a two-step process where the brain recognizes words and derives meaning. Higher comprehension involves skills like self-awareness and predicting. Psycho-socially, reading is a social and professional activity that connects people through communication.
Reading as a process
- 1. READING AS A PROCESS
- 2. Reading involves many processes. Physiological Cognitive Communication Psycho-social
- 3. READING AS A PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
- 4. PHYSIOLOGY •Physiology is the science dealing with the functions and vital processes of living organisms.
- 5. How is reading as a physiological process?
- 6. Light patterns from Eyes see the the printed symbols printed word hit the foveal areas or or the closely-packed images. sensory cells of the retina. Chemical change is induced that create patterns of nerve currents into the optic nerve fiber. Using the Currents currents, the travel to the cerebral cortex center of interprets the the mid- symbols. brain.
- 7. What are the different eye movements involved in reading?
- 8. • Eyes stopping or getting fixated on the word or words Fixation • The duration of fixation is the length of time the eyes has to pause. Inter-fixation • Eyes moving from stopping point to the other • Eyes swinging back from the end line to the beginning Return Sweeps of the next line • Short quick hop and jump movements done especially Saccades by literate people to move ahead on a line of print • Backward right-to-left movement in case there is a Regressions need to double check what is being read
- 9. READING AS A COGNITIVE PROCESS
- 10. TWO STEPS INVOLVED IN COGNITION: • The extraneous process creates a stimulus on the visual centers of the brain. This consists in two essential aspects, namely, word recognition or the written symbols and attentive adjustment by the reader on these symbols. • Fusion/ interpretation/ construction of meaning by the mind out of the stimuli.
- 11. These two steps involve other complex processes which include: Immediate arousal of association in recognition of the written symbols --- their pronunciation, vocabulary meaning, context, etc. Other stimuli inclusive of kinesthetic or auditory These stimuli are distributed to brain centers (instinct, feelings, imagination, reason, abstract intelligence, will) Synthesis or the fusion of related inputs from brain centers resulting in the recognition of the meaning of the printed symbols
- 12. Levels of Comprehensio n
- 13. EVALUATIVE – judgment on the reading material such as the information on data, the event, persons involved, etc. APPLIED - forming opinions and applications INTERPRETATIVE - what is read combined with one’s subjective ideas LITERAL - knowing what is read as is (who, what, when, wh ere,)
- 14. Higher comprehension skills are characterized by: 1. Self-awareness 2. Careful reading and greater retention 3. Making previous assumptions or hypothesis 4. The deliberate and combined ability to reflect, question, classify, summarize, and predict 5. Information reading which gives
- 15. What is SQ3R? S survey Q question Read, Reci 3R te, Review
- 16. How is reading as a communication process?
- 17. LANGUAGE is a code system used by humans to communicate. And as there are diverse languages, there are diversities in the code system or symbol system as devised and used by man.
- 18. Characteristics of Language
- 19. 1. Clarity • The reader can more easily and immediately understand language when the code symbols are concrete rather than abstractions (universal ideas) and generalizations. Example: Many students attended the student council meeting. Improved: Ninety-five college students attended Tuesday’s student council meeting.
- 20. 2. Simplicity • Complex wording written for the sake of verbal erudition is less easily understood, compared with what is expressed directly and to the point. Example: Shall we partake of our repast? Shall we eat? Mother’s culinary dishes are exquisite. Mother cooks well.
- 21. 3. Adapted Language • Words of expression should relate to the reader’s age, educational attainment, gender, ethnic origin, other personal factors. The inappropriate use of technical or specialized words should also be avoided.
- 22. 4. Forceful • Stimulating language provides color, interest and excitement. Example: He speaks at length while saying little. He spews forth words --- and says nothing.
- 23. 5. Vivid Language • Vivid wording is descriptive and stirs the senses of the reader. – Very good salesman --- crackerjacker persuader – Dishonest and evil --- festering corruption – Trouble spot --- seething hell
- 24. How is reading as a psycho-social process?
- 25. 1. People read messages from official communication, mass media and the internet. 2. Reading is a social activity that engages humans in the world. 3. Reading is also professional as it is a form of communication done in all the professions and human pursuits including scientific and technological research and studies. 4. Reading is a unique activity which you can adopt every day.
- 26. Reference: Developmental Reading 1 By Aida S. Villanueva, Ph.D. and Rogelio L. Delos Santos