Colombia seaport maritime industry
- 1. Colombian Seaport Maritime Industry • Colombian seaports zones • Seaports structure • Steps of construction and expansion of seaport infrastructure • Climate change risks in the Colombian seaport sector
- 2. Colombian seaports zones Colombia have eleven (11) seaport zones in the Pacific ocean and the Caribbean sea. CARIBBEAN SEA PORT ZONE NUMBER OF SEAPORTS 1. Barranquilla 11 2. Cartagena 20 3. Cienaga 3 4. Santa Marta 3 5. Golfo de Morrosquillo 3 6. San Andres 1 7. La Guajira 2 8. Turbo 1 9. Magdalena 3 Total 47 PACIFIC SEA PORT ZONE NUMBER OF SEAPORTS 1. Buenaventaura 6 2. Tomaco 2 Total 8 US$ 708 million of investment in seaport expansion (2015 – 2017) for postpanamax ships The investment in Seaport infrastructure in Colombia in the period of 2010 – 2016 has been in the order of US$ 2200 millions. Cargo mobilized in 2015 in Colombia: 198.636.101 ton Three (3) new seaports in operation on (2016 – 2017) with an investment of US$ 500 millions Caribbean Sea Pacific Ocean
- 3. Bulk Coal Containers General Cargo Liquid Bulk Bulk Cargo Bulk Coal Containers General Cargo Liquid Bulk Bulk Cargo Bulk Coal Containers General Cargo Liquid Bulk Bulk Cargo Bulk Coal Containers General Cargo Liquid Bulk Bulk Cargo COLOMBIAN MAIN SEAPORT ZONES - CARGO
- 4. LOGISTICS SUPPLY CHAIN 80% of the operational process are paperwork The 20% remining are cargo movement process
- 5. SEAPORT VALUE CHAIN The following figure is the flowchart that shows the relation between process, activities, and actors within the seaport chain value.
- 6. SEAPORT VALUE CHAIN The activities in blue are the most susceptible of climate chance and can slow, delay or put in risk all the cargo operational process.
- 7. CARGO OPERATION ZOOM IN
- 8. • Policy maker’s actors • Institutional actors • Direct actor • Cargo inspections actors SEAPORTS ACTORS TYPES ACTORS IN THE SEAPORT CHAIN VALUE
- 9. BRPM SEAPORT OPERATION For the BRPM seaport opertation, we generated Three types of climate risk analisys matrix. • Maritime Operations • Terminal Operations • Hinterland Operations MARITIME OPERATION
- 10. SEAPORTS CONSTRUCTION AND EXPANSION STEPS The basic steps of contemporary seaport design according with the national legislation and environmental requirements, are focused in six (6) basic components (in green) that interact in each process along the seaport construction and operation. Each of the six components are concepts that will apply towards to a more efficient operational resources management and sustainability, especially in seaport construction and terminal construction expansion.
- 11. SEAPORTS CONSTRUCTION AND EXPANSION STEPS
- 12. BRPM SEAPORT CONSTRUCTION AN EXPANSION The seaport construction and expansion BRPM, is based on the climate risk table technical project characteristics TECHNICAL PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS
- 13. SEAPORTS CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS AND ADAPTATION ACTIVITIES Changes in sedimentation processes, draft / bathymetry, Dredging, erosion at the coastline Seaport facilities damage (including corrosion / oxidation) Accidents (land and sea) in port operations Port operations delays (days without port operation) Increase in maintenance and repair costs for port facilities Increased insurance costs and re-insurance of ports, ships, facilities, equipment and port operations in vulnerable areas CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS
- 14. CARIBBEAN SEAPORTS VULNERABILITY PACIFIC SEAPORTS VULNERABILITY CLIMATIC THREAT VULNERABILITY* Coastal erosion 39,9% Sea level raising 49,1% Swell sea 57,1% Gale winds 71,4% Floods 71,4% Sedimentation 28,6% Hurricane 71,4% Storms 14,3% CLIMATIC THREAT VULNERABILITY* Coastal erosion 48,5% Sea level raising 64,3% Sedimentation 100% SEAPORTS CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS AND ADAPTATION ACTIVITIES *Climate change management plan for the colombian seaport
- 15. THANKS Carlos Andrés García LAERA GROUP Consultant MSc. Economy and management of marine resources and coastal environment
- 16. SEAPORT ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK PORT ADAPTATION AND SEA LEVEL RISE There are three major adaptation solutions (hard engineering options): elevate, defend, or retreat (Aerts et al., 2014; Cheong, 2011; Kates et al., 2012). Elevating a port typically entails filling the port lands to raise them above the floodplain, reconstructing facilities at the new elevation, and designing a system to accommodate the difference in heights between the water level and the port infrastructure. Defending a port entails construction of a coastal protection solution, such as a caisson breakwater, often with floodgates or locks to allow for the passage of ships. In areas where adjacent land is not available for development, seaports can expand by filling in submerged land to a sufficient elevation that will also protect existing infrastructure. Retreat will likely be the option of last resort because adjacent hinterland areas are typically not vacant or available for relocation.
- 17. SEAPORT ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK PORT ADAPTATION AND COASTAL EROSION The soft adaptation solutions (soft engineering options) try to take advantage of the resources of nature to achieve the stabilization of the coastal erosion process. Artificial reefs structures absorb energy of the wave and the tide, thus providing a coastal defense. Beach drainage decrease the movement of sediments avoiding accumulation of sea water Cliffts drainage this technique is sought to slow down the mass movements and decrease their backwardness Conservation and planting of mangroves and vegetation: their roots will absorb the energy of the waves and avoid sediments movements
- 18. SEAPORT ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK SEAPORT TERMINAL AND FACILITIES Heavy duty defenses to minimize damage to docks from ship collisions Electric mooring hooks to avoid human risk
- 19. SEAPORT ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK The system aims to improve the capacity of observation, diagnosis, analysis, knowledge and prediction of climatic variability in different scales associated with ocean- atmosphere-earth interaction processes in order to use the information in the improvement of safety (human life at sea) and decision-making related to maritime activities.