Communication Processes, Principles and Ethics.pdf

Communication
Processes, Principles
and Ethics
Prepared by:
Jeramie G. Buensuceso, PhD

Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
a. Describe communication process viewed from
different models;
b. Demonstrate the changes of communication
through times; and
c. Adopt cultural differences to effective
communication

Brain Starter
If you were to divide your daily communication activities, how
many percent would you give to each of the following?
Weber (2008), noted that 70% of a person’s total waking time is
spent communicating in some manner.
Talking, listening, writing and reading

Write the percentage in each box and make sure your numbers
would total to 70%.
Talking
Writing Reading
Listening

What is your idea about communication?

Directions: Look at the following pictures and answer the
questions below.

What is
Communication?
• It is a process of sharing and conveying
messages or information from one person
to another within and across channels,
contexts, media, and cultures
(McCornack, 2014).
• There is a wide variety of contexts and
situations in which communication can
be manifested; it can be a face-to-
face interaction, a phone
conversation, a group discussion, a
meeting or interview, a letter
correspondence, a class recitation,
and many others.

Definition of Communication
• The term communication is derived from the latin word
communis, meaning common.
• In general, communication refers to the reciprocal exchange of
information, ideas, facts, opinions, beliefs, feelings & attitudes
through verbal or nonverbal means between two people or within
a group of people.

Elements of
Communication
Communication is divided into elements
which help us better understand its
mechanics or process. These elements are
the following:
1. Source
– A message is crafted through a
sender who initiates the
communication. It can be an author,
a public speaker, a teacher who
discusses a lesson.
2. Message
– the information, ideas, or thoughts
conveyed by the speaker in words or in
actions

Elements of
Communication
3. Encoding
– the process of converting the
message into words, actions, or other
forms that the speaker understands
4. Channel
– the medium or the means, such as
personal or non-personal, verbal or
nonverbal, in which the encoded
message is conveyed

Elements of
Communication 5. Decoding
– the process of interpreting the
encoded message of the speaker by
the receiver
6. Receiver
– the recipient of the message, or
someone who decodes the message
7. Feedback
– the reactions, responses, or
information provided by the receiver

Elements of
Communication
8. Context
– the meaning conveyed from the
message sent by the sender to the
receiver. It is necessary that both the
encoder and the decoder share
common understanding to achieve
effective communication.
9. Barrier
– the factors that affect the flow of
communication

Models of
Communication
MODEL
 Shows the pattern or flow of
communication as well as the elements
involved in that particular kind of
communication.
These models show the development of
communication from a linear to an
interactive process. Furthermore, the
importance of verbal and nonverbal
communication contributes to the goal of
these models.

Models of
Communication
MODEL
Deutsch (1996) notes that models order and
relate systems to each other by giving us
images of wholes. Models give a general
picture of the particular circumstances in the
communication process.

Models of
Communication
 In this model, Aristotle identified the five elements
which compose the communication process which
are the speaker, speech occasion, audience and
effect.

Models of
Communication
 This model is speaker-centered which results the
audience as passive.
 The effect of the speech delivered by the speaker
to the audience in an occasion is that either the
listeners be persuaded or not; in this case the
communication becomes one-way delivery
because feedback from the audience is not
expected.

Models of
Communication
Technological model of communication
process is explained by the proponents Claude
Shannon and Warren Weaver known as
Shannon-Weaver’s model of Communication
(Flores, 2016).

Models of
Communication
This model was developed because of the
technological invention of telephone. Six elements
of communication are identified in this model:
sender, encoder, channel, noise, decoder,
receiver, and feedback. In comparison to the basic
elements of communication, this model specifies
that the sender and encoder do not function
similarly.

Models of
Communication
OSGOOD-SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
The two-way street flow of communication in which a sender
and a receiver send back and forth messages was popularized
by Charles Egerton Osgood. This model considers
communication as circular because both the encoder and
decoder take turn in sending the message.
Along the process of communication, the recipients filter to
interpret the meaning of the words sent to them. The different
meanings applied to send messages could become
interference in communication known as semantic noise.

Models of
Communication
In the latter years, Wilbur Schramm adapted Osgood’s model
and added another element in communication called field of
experience. Sneha Mishra (2017) identified culture, social
background, beliefs, experiences, values and rules that
correspond to this element. With great similarity of the
recipients’ field of experience, the greater effective
communication is expected.

Assessment Direction: Compose scenarios which describe the
different models of communication.
Activity 1
Activity 2
Direction: Write an essay on appreciating cultural
differences to effective communication. Refer to the
criteria below as a guide for organization.
CRITERIA
Substance 50%
Grammar, Usage & Mechanics 30%
Thought Organization 20%
100%

Communication Processes, Principles and Ethics.pdf

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