Comparative study of bluetooth, 802 and hiperlan

International Journal of Computer Engineering and Technology (IJCET), ISSN 0976-
6367(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online) Volume 4, Issue 3, May – June (2013), © IAEME
455
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BLUETOOTH, 802.11 AND HIPERLAN
Kapil K Shukla1
, Kaushik I Manavadariya2
, Deven J Patel3
1
(MCA Department, B. H. Gardi college of Engineering & Technology, Kalawad Road -
Rajkot, India)
2
(MCA Department, Atmiya Institute of Technology and Science, Kalawad Road -
Rajkot, India)
3
(MCA Department, Atmiya Institute of Technology and Science, Kalawad Road -
Rajkot, India)
ABSTRACT
This manuscript presents comparison of various wireless services. Wireless network
are used to communicate with different device which may be computer or any other
consumer devices like ATM machines, Mobile Internet, LANs, etc. The wireless
communication is used at commercial as well as personal use also to achieve the higher speed
of data transfer, easy communication and utilization of the devices. In this area as
infrastructural facilities are increased wireless services are widely used and gaining
popularity among users this dissertation will help to identify advantages, limitations of
wireless services (Like 802.11(IEEE 802.11), HIPERLAN, Home–RF (Home Radio
Frequency), and Bluetooth) based on comparison of various parameters.
Keywords: AP - Access Point, ARRL - American Radio Relay League, BSS - Base Service
Set, CA - Collision Avoidance, CDMA -Code Division Multiple Access
I. INTRODUCTION
The demands for mobility were increased in our daily life, that’s why it leads to
develop and change over from wired LANs to the wireless LANs (WLANs). Wired LAN can
give the high bandwidth to the user based on requirement and consuming services like video
conferences, streaming video etc. based on this users demands much from WLAN so they
will not accept too much degradation in performance to achieve mobility and flexibility. It
makes expert to do some changes of WLANs designs in future.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING
& TECHNOLOGY (IJCET)
ISSN 0976 – 6367(Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6375(Online)
Volume 4, Issue 3, May-June (2013), pp. 455-463
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijcet.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2013): 6.1302 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com
IJCET
© I A E M E

456
In this dissertation first we will discuss the different Wireless LAN standards
available for the deployment. And then we will study on the evaluation of the Wireless LAN
standards based on security issues. And at last analysis of the available Wireless LAN
standards and a feasible solution for future deployment is discussed.
Wireless LANs are based on the cellular architectures where the system is subdivided
in to cells, where each cell (called Base Service Set or BSS*) which is controlled by a base
station (called Access point or AP).
Wireless LAN standards are currently explored in many communication technologies
which are like:
1. IEEE 802.11
2. HIPERLAN/2
II. CLASSIFICATION OF WIRELESS LAN
Wireless LANs can be broadly distributed into two categories:
1) Ad hoc wireless LANs, 2) Wireless LAN with infrastructure
1) Ad hoc wireless LANs
In ad-hoc networks, several wireless nodes join together to establish a peer-to-peer
communication which is illustrate in figure-(1). Each client communicates directly with the
other clients within network. An Ad-hoc mode is designed such that only the clients within
transmission range (within the same cell) of each other can communicate. If a one client in an
ad-hoc network wishes to communicate outsides of the cell, a member of the cell MUST
operate as agate way and perform routing. They usually need no administration. Networked
nodes distribute their resources without a main server.
2)Wireless LAN with infrastructure
In wireless LANs with foundation, there is a high-speed wired or wireless backbone
which is illustrated in figure-(2).Wireless nodes access the wired backbone through access
points. These access points acquiesce the wireless nodes to share the available network
resources calmly. Prior to communicating data, wireless clients and access points must
establish a relationship, Oran association. Only after an association is established can the two
wireless stations exchange data.
III. WIRELESS LAN STANDARDS
There are many wireless LAN solutions available now a days, with number of levels
of standardization and interoperability. Currently two solutions are leads which are HomeRF
and Wi-Fi* (IEEE ** 802.11b).using these two 802.11 technologies enjoy the large number
of industry support and are targeted to solve Enterprises, Home and even public “hot spot”
wireless LAN needs.
IEEE 802.11
The IEEE finalized the initial standard for wireless LANs, IEEE 802.11 in june 1997.
That initail standard specifies a 2.4GHz operating frequency with data rate of 1 and 2 Mbps.
With this standard one could choose to use either frequency hopping or direct
sequence there are two non compatible forms of spread spectrum modulations. Because of

457
relatively low data rates as compared to Ethernet, prodcts based on the initial standard did not
flourish as many had hoped.
[1] Either using FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spread Specturm) or DSSS (Direct
Sequence Spread Spectrum).
802.11a
The OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) provides up to 54Mbps
and runs on the 5GHz band.
802.11b
It is also known as Wi-Fi or Higher Rate 802.11, uses DSSS and applies to wireless
LANs. It most commonly used for private use at home. It provides an 11Mbps transmission
rate and has a fallback rate of 5.5, 2 and 1 Mbps. [9]
802.11g
It provides more than 20Mbps broadcasting rate, utilize to LANs and it will be works
on the 2.4(GHz) band.
HIPERLAN 1/2
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) ratified in 1996 with High
Performance Radio LAN (HIPERLAN 1) standard for providing high-speed communication
up to 20Mbps between portable devices in the 5GHz rang. Same like IEEE802.11,
HIPERLAN/1 adopts carrier sense multiple access protocol to connect end user devices
together.
On higher stage of that, HIPERLAN/1 supports synchronous traffic for different type
of data such as video, audio, text, etc.
Later, ETSI rolled out in 2000, a flexible Radio LAN standard called HIPERLAN-2.
It designed to provide high speed access up to 54Mbps at PHY layer to a various networks
including 3G networks, ATM networks and Internet Protocol based networks and also for
private wireless LAN system. Basic applications include data, audio and video with specific
Quality of Service parameters taken into account.
HIPERLAN/2 has a very high transmission rate up to 54 Mbps and it achieved by
making use of a modularization method called Orthogonal Frequency Digital Multiplexing
(OFDM). OFDM is particularly efficient in time-dispersive environments.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a short-range RF-based connectivity for portable devices with its
functional specification released in 1999 by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group.
Bluetooth communicates on a 2.45GHz frequency. It has been set aside by
international agreement for the use of industrial, scientific and medical devices (ISM). One of
the ways Bluetooth devices avoid to interfering the other systems is by sending very weak
signals of 1 mill watt.
Bluetooth range can be up to 10 meters because of low power and it is its one
limitation. Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency moving. In this
technique, a device will use 79 individual, randomly chosen frequencies with a designated
range changing groom one to another on a regular basis.
Bluetooth devices come in two classes and both using peer-to-peer communication to
speak. Class 3 devices operate at 0dBm range and are capable of transmitting 30 feet through
walls or other objects and the other class is termed as class 1 products. These devices operate
at 20dBm, which allows for the single to travel about 300 feet through walls or other solid
objects.

458
IV. WLAN TECHNOLOGIES AND STANDARDS
WLAN technologies and standards is reviewed in the bellow. These technologies and
standards include UHF narrowband, HIPERLAN.
UNF Narrowband
The term narrowband refers to the narrow band of RF spectrum, 12.5 KHz to 25 KHz,
used to transmit data. Existing narrow band systems transmit on both licensed and unlicensed
frequencies and operate at higher power levels than spread spectrum systems. The output is
that UHF narrow band systems are able to transmit the greatest distance (35 to 50 kilometers)
of all WLAN technologies.
However, UHF narrow band has a number of disadvantages. These include regulatory
barriers when operating at data rates above 56 Kbps and the instability of frequencies at
which the technology operates (i.e. interference and propagation anomalies). In addition,
UHF narrow band packet radio systems require considerable knowledge and effort to install.
Commercially packaged answers are not available and systems must be custom built.
Elements involved in typical system installation include assembling tools, build and
maintenance of antennas, verifying radio link performance, and installing network software.
HIPERLAN
What is HIPERLAN?
The HIPERLAN stands for High Performance Radio LAN and it was initiated by the
RES-10 group of the ETSI as a pan-European standard for high-speed wireless local
networks. So it is called HIPERLAN-1, the first defined technology by this standard group
and it was started in 1992 and completed in 1997. Unlike IEEE 802.11, which was based on
products, HIPERLAN-1 was based on certain functional requirements specified by ETSI.
CEPT released spectrum at 5 and 17 GHz for the implementation of the HIPERLAN in 1993.
Standard of HIPERLAN:
HIPERLAN is a European family of standards on digital high speed wireless
communication in the 5.15-5.3 GHz and the 17.1-17.3 GHz spectrum developed by ETSI.
The committee responsible for HIPERLAN is RES-10 which has been working on the
standard since November 1991.
The standard serves to ensure the possible interoperability of different manufacturers'
wireless communications tools that proceed in this spectrum. The HIPERLAN standard only
define a common air interface including the physical layer for wireless communications tools,
while leaving decisions on higher level configurations and functions open to the equipment
manufacturers. Figure -5shows the OSI reference model of HIPERLAN within the physical
layer.
During the standardization process, a couple of HIPERLAN-1 prototypes were
developed; However, no manufacturer adopted this standardization process consider this
effort an unsuccessful attempt. Later on HIPERLAN standardization moved under the ETSI
BRAN project with a new and more structured organization. This figure shows Divisions of
the HIPERLAN activities.Figure -6shows the Divisions of the HIPERLAN activities.
We have HIPERLAN-2, which aims at higher data rates and intends to accommodate
ATM as well as IP type access. This standardization process is under development. They
have coordinated with the IEEE 802.11a in the PHY layer specification and current work on
the MAC to support Quos is under progress. Other versions of HIIPERLAN are HIPER-
ACCESS for remote access and HIPER-LINK to interconnect switches in the backbone. In
the United States, these activities are under IEEE 802.16 for LMDS. Only HIPERLAN-1 and

459
-2 are considered WLANs and will be discussed in this chapter. Most of the emphasis is on
HIPERLAN-2 which has attracted significant from cellular manufacturers such as Nokia and
Ericsson.
HIPERLAN-1 Requirements and Architecture
The original “functional requirements” for the HIPERLAN-1 were defined by ETSI.
These requirements were
• Data rates of 23.529 mbps
• Coverage of up to 100 m
• Multi-move ad hoc networking capability
• Support of time-bounded services
• Support of power saving
• Short range - 50m
• Low mobility - 1.4m/s
• Networks with and without architecture
• Support isochronous traffic
• audio 32kbps, 10ns latency
• video 2Mbps, 100ns latency
• Support asynchronous traffic
• data 10Mbps, immediate access
The frequency of operation was 5.2 (GHz) not licensed bands that were published by
CEPT in 1993, so many years before publication of the U-NII bands. The difference between
this standard and the IEEE 802.11 was perceived to be the data rate, which was an order of
magnitude higher than the original 802.11 and emphasis on ad hoc networking and time-
bounded services.Figure – 7shows the overall architecture of an ad hoc network.
In HIPERLAN-1’s ad hoc network architecture, a multi-hub topology is considered
that also allows overlay of two WLANs. As shown in this figure, the multi-hub routing
extends the HIPERLAN communication beyond the radio range of a single node. Each
HIPERLAN node is either a forwarder, designated by “F”, or a non-forwarder. A non-
forwarder node retransmits the received packet, if the packet does not have its own should
select at least one of its neighbors as a forwarder. Inter-HIPERLAN forwarding needs
bilateral cooperation and agreement between two forwarder and non-forwarder nodes need to
periodically update several databases. In figure solid lines represent peer-to-peer
communications between two terminals and dashed lines represent the connections for
forwarding. Three of the terminals 1, 4 and 6 are designated by letter “F” indicating that they
have forwarding connections. There are two overlapping HIPERLANs, A and B, and
terminal 4 is a member of both WLANs which can also act as a bridge between the two. This
architecture does not have an infrastructure, and it has a large coverage through the multi-
hub.
HIPERLAN-1 did not generate any product development, but it had some pioneering
impact on other standards. The use of 5 GHz unlicensed bands, first considered in
HIPERLAN-1, is operation.Used by IEEE 802.11a and HIPERLAN-2. The multi-hub feature
of the HIPERLAN-1 is considered in the HIPERLAN-2 to be used in an environment with a
connection to wired infrastructure.

460
V. FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure: 1 Ad hoc wireless LAN
Figure: 2 Wireless LAN with Infrastructure
Figure: 3 Global Wireless Standerds

461
Figure: 4 WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
Figure: 5 HIPERLAN Reference Model
Figure: 6 Divisions of the HIPERLAN activities
Figure: 7 Architecture of an ad hoc network

462
Figure: 8 Architecture of HIPERLAN
VI. CONCLUSION
The brief review of topic provided above began with the research literature and
followed with a discussion of topic specific to the subject of planning, designing, and
implementing wireless local area networks in a global manufacturing organization. The
detailed review will be organized into different areas: WLAN technologies and standards,
Wireless network security, wireless service providers, wireless tactics and strategy, and
different study. Research related to WLAN technologies and standards was reviewed above.
REFERENCES
[1] Armyros, S. (1992). On the behavior of Ethernet: Are existing analytic models
adequate?Journal of the Computer Systems Research Institute, CSRI-259, 1-107.
[2] Bates, R. (2001). Wireless Broadband Handbook. NY: McGraw-Hill.
[3] Fluhrer, S., Mantin, I., & Shamir, A. (2001). Weaknesses in the key scheduling
algorithmof RC4. Paper presented at the Selected Areas in Cryptography Conference
(SAC 2001), Toronto.
[4] Freedman, A. (2002). Computer Desktop Encyclopedia (Vol. 15.2). Point Pleasant, PA:
The Computer Language Company.
[5] Garg, V. (2001). Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Prentice Hall.
[6] Geier, J. (1999). Wireless LANs: Implementing Interoperable Networks. USA:
Macmillan Technical Publishing.
[7] Geier, J. (2001). Wireless LANs: Implementing High Performance IEEE 802.11
Networks(Second ed). Indianapolis, Indiana: Sams Publishing.
[8] Hannon, J. (2001). Comprehensive solutions for securing and managing the
wirelessLAN. Fort Lee, NJ: ReefEdge.
[9] Intel Staff. (2001). IEEE 802.11b High Rate Wireless Local Area Networks.
Intel.Retrieved December 21, 2001, from the World Wide Web:
http://www.intel.com/network/documents/pdf/wireless_lan.pdf.
[10] Leeper, D. (2001, June, 2001). A long-term view of short-range wireless.
IEEEComputer, 34, 39-44.

463
[11] O'Hara, B., & Petrick, A. (1999). IEEE 802.11 Handbook: A Designer's Companion.
NY: IEEE Press.
[12] Ohmori, S., Yamao, Y., & Nakajima, N. (2000). The future generations of mobile
communications based on broadband access technologies. IEEE Communications.
[13] Paulson, L. D. (2002, May, 2002). US approves new uses for wireless technology.
IEEEComputer, 35, 27.
[14] Perez-Jimenez, R., Riera, J., & Lopez-Hernandez, F. (2001). The IEEE 802.11
Standard.
[15] In A. Santamaria & F. Lopez-Hernandez (Eds.), Wireless LAN Standards
andApplications (pp. 45-107). Norwood, MA: Artech House.
[16] Prasad, A., Kamerman, A., & Moelard, H. (2001). IEEE 802.11 Standard. In N. Prasad
&A. Prasad (Eds.), WLAN Systems and Wireless IP for Next
GenerationCommunications (pp. 77-126). Boston, MA: Artech House.
[17] Prasad, N., & Prasad, A. (2001a). Wireless Networking and Internet Access Standards.
InN. Prasad & A. Prasad (Eds.), WLAN Systems and Wireless IP for NextGeneration
Communications (pp. 25-75). Boston, MA: Artech House.
[18] Prasad, N., & Prasad, A. (2001b). WLAN Systems - Introduction. In N. Prasad &
A.Prasad (Eds.), WLAN Systems and Wireless IP for Next GenerationCommunications
(pp. 1-24). Boston, MA: Artech House.
[19] Rappaport, T. (2002). Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice (Second
ed).Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Reynolds, M. (2001). What's up with WEP?
Gartner.com, HARD-WW-DP-0093.
[20] http://www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/introduction-wireless-
networking-part1.html
[21] “Why HiperLAN2”, White Paper – HiperLAN2 Global Forum.
[22] “A Comparison of HIPERLAN/2 and IEEE 802.11a”, white Paper-2011.
[23] “Bluetooth Specification”, White Paper – Bluetooth Special Interests Group (SIG)
[24] “Wireless Networking Choices for the Broadband Internet Home”, White Paper, 2001.
[25] “Wireless Home Networking for Dummies”, by Danny Briere, Walter R. Bruce III, and
Pat Hurley(Copyright © 2003 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana,
Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, Published simultaneously in
Canada).
[26] T.Priyadarsini, B.Arunkumar, K.Sathish and V.Karthika, “Traffic Information
Dissemination in Vanet Using IEEE-802.11”, International Journal of Electronics and
Communication Engineering &Technology (IJECET), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013,
pp. 294 - 303, ISSN Print: 0976- 6464, ISSN Online: 0976 –6472.
[27] S. Saravanan, “Internet Based Mobile Telemedicine using Computer Communication
Network”, International Journal of Computer Engineering & Technology (IJCET),
Volume 3, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 213 - 231, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6367, ISSN Online:
0976 – 6375.

Comparative study of bluetooth, 802 and hiperlan

More Related Content

What's hot (19)

Viewers also liked (12)

Similar to Comparative study of bluetooth, 802 and hiperlan (20)

More from IAEME Publication (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Comparative study of bluetooth, 802 and hiperlan