IEEE 802 Standard Network’s Comparison under Grid and Random Node Arrangement in 2.4 GHz ISM Band for Single and Multiple CBR Traffic

Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications
Volume: 08 Issue: 04 Pages: 3118-3123 (2017) ISSN: 0975-0290
3118
IEEE 802 Standard Network’s Comparison under
Grid and Random Node Arrangement in 2.4 GHz
ISM Band for Single and Multiple CBR Traffic
J.Jaslin deva gifty
Department of ECE, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering & Technology, Udumalai Road,Pollachi -642003
Email: jaslindevaece@gmail.com
Dr.K.Sumathi
Department of ECE, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering & Technology, Udumalai Road,Pollachi -642003
Email: sumathimin@gmail.com
-------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------------------
The IEEE 802 standard well-known as 802.11 called as Wi-Fi network, 802.15.4 called as ZigBee or sensor
network and 802.15.1 called as Bluetooth network. The network such as ZigBee, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi works in 2.4
GHz ISM band. All the above networks works in same ISM band of 2.4 GHz, but the performance of the network
varies. The performance of simulation depends upon the coverage area, data rates, and power consumption in
each network. The heterogeneous network performances is evaluated with static and mobility model in random
and grid node placement by varying the traffic loads of one CBR and with five CBR for each network. The
simulation result is compared in terms of jitter, average end to end delay and throughput to analyze the network
performance in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. IEEE 802.11 network shows the low jitter and delay value with high
throughput compared with sensor network.
Keywords - CBR traffic loads, IEEE 802.15.4, IEEE 802.11, Qualnet 5.0.2 simulator, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs).
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Date of Submission: Jan 18, 2017 Date of Acceptance: Jan 31, 2017
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I. INTRODUCTION
The unlicensed ISM band is abbreviated as Industrial,
Scientific and Medical is widely used among popular
wireless network standards such as IEEE 802.15.4 called
as Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LRWPAN)
such as ZigBee or sensor network IEEE 802.15.1, called
as Bluetooth network and IEEE 802.11b called as Wireless
Local Area Network (WLAN) such as Wi-Fi or ad-hoc
manet network. As the demand for the usage of ISM band
is increasing rapidly, there are many scenarios where we
need communication access such as wireless local area
networks (WLANs) based on IEEE 802.11b specifications
and wireless personal area networks (WPANs) on IEEE
802.15.4 based and Bluetooth specifications. Wireless
Sensor Network (WSN) is a promising and ever growing
sensor technology for implementing variety of
applications like monitoring of environment, security
aspects and applications that save our lives and assets. In
WSN, more number of sensor nodes are adapted to
sensing and gathering information and forwarding to the
base station such as PAN coordinator with the help of
routing protocol [1]. A WSN is the spatially distributed
autonomous network for monitoring and collecting
information about environmental conditions like, sound,
temperature, pressure etc., WSNs are subdivided into two
classes namely static WSNs and mobile WSNs [2].
Random based placement of sensor nodes and grid based
placement of sensor nodes working depends on location
[3]. WSNs are the integration of many technologies, such
as communication in wireless medium, sensors network,
embedded computing and distributed information
processing. It is widely used for military purposes,
environmental conditions, medical field, transport and
other fields [4].Different traffic applications are constant
bit rate (CBR), variable bit rate (VBR), and file transfer
protocol (FTP) are used to analyze the performance of
each network [5]. Mobile ad-hoc network is wireless
network of mobile nodes without any centralized
administration. The network topology changes
periodically in mobile ad-hoc network [6]. IEEE 802.11 is
the standard family of wireless networking. It is the first
wireless LAN (WLAN) standard proposed in the year
1997. The medium access mechanism function, called the
Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) is a Carrier
Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
mechanism (CSMA/CA) [7]. It uses microwaves
frequency in the range of 2.4 GHz and 5GHz. Ad hoc
network mobile nodes do not have any definite form of
infrastructure. They are self-organized structure and
communication done by wireless links [8]. The standard
802.11 provides two variations in radio frequency (RF)
physical (PHY) layer. These include two modulation
techniques such as direct sequence spread spectrum
(DSSS) and frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)
[9]. In the current era the interacting technologies are Wi-
Fi and WLAN technologies. Many researches are being
done in different networking field such as peer to peer or
point to point network, cellular wireless, file server, World
Wide Web and grid computing system. The mobility in
distributed network provides the best quality of services to
the clients and the mobility is important to accommodate

3119
the demand in wireless network. The routing protocols
plays major role in all kinds of network either static or
dynamic model. The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector
(AODV) routing protocol is an on-demand approach to
identify the most recent path by employing destination
sequence numbers. Here, the next-hop information stored
in the source node and the intermediate nodes
corresponding to each flow for data packet transmission.
In an on-demand routing protocol, the source node floods
the Route Request packet in the network when a route is
not available for the desired destination. It may also obtain
multiple routes to different destinations from a single
Route request [11]. AODV provides better throughput and
high packet delivery ratio compared to other protocols
under grid and random placement [12].The efficiency of
AODV gives better throughput and performance of AODV
plays better role in all case of topologies [13].
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Chapter II
addresses the ISM band and different network
technologies. Simulation parameters and results are
discussed in Chapter III. Conclusions are given in Chapter
IV.
II. ISM BAND
The ISM band is the parts of the radio spectrum or
refers to a group of radio bands that are internationally
reserved for the use of radio frequency (RF). ISM bands
are generally open frequency bands, which vary according
to different regions and permits. It uses the unlicensed
ISM ranges are 902-928 MHz, 2400-2483.5 MHz and
5725-5850.
1.1 IEEE 802.11 (WI-FI)
The IEEE 802.11 standard is the WLAN wireless
communication network and also called as Mobile Ad-hoc
Network (MANET). It is intended for device to device or
computer to computer wireless communication, as a
replacement for cabled connection or wired networks. It
gives internet access at broadband speeds through the
connection access point. Wi-Fi gives a data rate in higher,
whereas Bluetooth and ZigBee network gives lower data
rates. Wi-Fi operates with either a 2.4, 5 GHz or 5.8GHz
frequency band. It supports large number of nodes in a
network when compared to other networks. The range is
from 10-100m. The data rate is 2 - 54 M bits/sec and has
medium power consumption. It uses star topology
1.2 IEEE 802.15.1(Bluetooth)
The IEEE 802.15.1 standard is the WPAN wireless
communication network or Bluetooth network. It is
intended to enable the communication in short-range that
supports peripherals devices such as computer mice,
keyboards, printer etc., This range is known as wireless
personal area network. It also operates with a 2.4 GHz
frequency band. The range is 10-30m with data rate of 1M
bits/sec. Due to low data rate, the complexity and power
consumption is low. The frequency hopping modulation
technique is used and uses star topology.
1.3 IEEE 802.15.4(ZigBee)
The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is the WPAN wireless
communication network .For example ZigBee network. It
is a standard that defines the set of communication
protocols for low-data-rate, short-range wireless
communication networking. ZigBee based wireless
devices operate in 868 MHz, 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz
frequency band. The 868 MHz band used in Europe, the
915 MHz frequency band in North America, whereas 2.4
GHz frequency band is used in world wide. The maximum
data rate is 250 K bits/sec. The range supported is 10-30m.
Due to low data rate, the complexity and power
consumption is less than Bluetooth. It uses direct sequence
spread spectrum and frequency hopping spread spectrum
modulation technique. It uses star, tree and mesh
topologies.
III. SIMULATION AND RESULTS
The simulation is performed with the following
parameters mentioned in Table I.
TABLE I
Simulation parameters
Parameters Values
Area 1000m*1000m
Simulation Time 300sec
Item to send 100
Packet size 50 bytes
Packet rate (packet per sec) 0.1.0.2,1,2
MAC layer 802.15.4, 802.11
Energy Model Mica motes
Battery Model Linear model
Protocol AODV
Node placement Random, Grid
No of nodes 10
Traffic CBR
The nodes are placed both randomly and in the form of
grid for both network as shown in Fig 1 and 2 for static
model.The random mobility model shown in Fig 3. The
simulation is carried out by varying the data rate per
packet interval in both static and dynamic model.
Fig.1.Random placement

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Fig.2.Grid placement
Fig.3.Moblity model
3.1 Average jitter
Average jitter versus packet interval in static
model with one and five CBR is shown in Fig 3. Fig 4
shows the jitter comparison is static model with one CBR
for 802.15.4 and 802.11. The network 802.11 shows lower
jitter in static model. The jitter is low for 0.1 packet
interval and increases with the increase in packet interval
and high at 0.4 packet interval for both networks. The Fig
5 and Fig 6 shows the mobility model with one and five
CBR for 802.15.4 and 802.11. In mobility model also, the
network 802.11 has low jitter as compared with sensor
network. The grid placed static and mobility model is
shown in Fig 7 and Fig 8 shows lower jitter for 802.11
networks for all packet interval.
Fig.4.Average jitter in static model with one CBR
Fig .5. Average jitter in static model with five CBR
Fig.6. Average jitter in mobility model with one CBR
Fig.7. Average jitter in mobility model with five CBR
Fig.8 Grid placed average jitter in static model

3121
Fig.9 Grid placed average jitter in mobility model
3.2 Average end to end delay
Average end to end delay versus packet interval in static
model with one and five CBR is shown in Fig 9 and in Fig
10 for 802.15.4 and 802.11. The network 802.11 shows
low delay in static model. The delay is low at 0.1 packet
intervals and increases when packet interval increases and
high at 0.4 packet interval for both networks. The Fig 11
and Fig 12 shows the mobility model with one and five
CBR for 802.15.4 and 802.11.In mobility model, network
802.11 has lower delay as well. The grid placed static and
mobility model is shown in Fig 13 and Fig 14 shows lower
delay for 802.11 networks for all packet interval.
Fig.10.Average delay in static model with one CBR
Fig .11. Average delay in static model with five CBR
Fig.12. Average delay in mobility model with one CBR
Fig.13. Average delay in mobility model with five CBR
Fig.14. Grid placed average delay in static model
Fig.15. Grid placed average delay in mobility model
3.4 Throughput
Throughput versus packet interval in static model with
one and five CBR is shown in Fig 15 and in Fig 16 for
802.15.4 and 802.11. The network 802.11 shows higher
throughput in static model. The throughput is high at .1

3122
packet intervals and decreases when packet interval
increases and low at .4 packet interval for both networks
Fig.16.Throughput static model with one CBR
The Fig 17 and Fig 18 shows the mobility model with one
and five CBR for 802.15.4 and 802.11.In mobility model,
network 802.11 has higher throughput as well. The grid
placed static and mobility model is shown in Fig 19 and
Fig 20 shows higher throughput for 802.11 networks for
all packet interval.
Fig .17. Throughput in static model with five CBR
Fig .18. Throughput in mobility model with one CBR
Fig.19. Throughput in mobility model with five CBR
Fig.20 Grid placed throughput in static model
Fig.21.Grid placed throughput in mobility model
IV. CONCLUSION
The performance evaluated using qualnet simulator.The
two IEEE 802 standard works in 2.4Ghz ISM band.The
result shows the performance of 802.11 and IEEE
802.15.4 in random placement and grid placement for
static and mobility model with single and multiple CBR
traffic loads. The simulation performance of the IEEE
802.11 network shows the low jitter and low delay value
followed by high throughput when compared to the
standard network of 802.15.4.The performance
degradation of this network is due to the low coverage
area and has low data rates though works in the same
2.4GHz ISM frequency band. The future scope is to detect
the collision of two network by placing in heterogeneous
manner.

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IEEE 802 Standard Network’s Comparison under Grid and Random Node Arrangement in 2.4 GHz ISM Band for Single and Multiple CBR Traffic

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