![future, it shall not be from want of zeal or love to the
cause.
From you I expect a full and frank criticism of my plans
for the future, which may enable me to correct errors
before it is too late. I do not wish to be rash, but want
to give my rebel friends no chance to accuse us of
want of enterprise or courage.
Assuring you of my high personal respect, I remain, as
ever, your friend,
W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General.
[General Order No. 3.]
WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE
WASHINGTON, January 14, 1865.
The following resolution of the Senate and House of
Representatives is published to the army:
[PUBLIC RESOLUTION--No. 4.]
Joint resolution tendering the thanks of the people and
of Congress to Major-General William T. Sherman, and
the officers and soldiers of his command, for their
gallant conduct in their late brilliant movement through
Georgia.
Be it resolved by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled, That the thanks of the people
and of the Congress of the United States are due and](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20853-250619173600-b5df8655/85/CompTIA-Project-PK0-005-Cert-Guide-2nd-Edition-Robin-Abernathy-Ann-Lang-41-320.jpg)
![[Special Field Order No. 139.]
HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE
MISSISSIPPI,
IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December
23, 1864.
Savannah, being now in our possession, the river
partially cleared out, and measures having been taken
to remove all obstructions, will at once be made a
grand depot for future operations:
1. The chief-quartermaster, General Euston, will, after
giving the necessary orders touching the transports in
Ogeechee River and Oasabaw Sound, come in person
to Savannah, and take possession of all public
buildings, vacant storerooms, warehouses, etc., that
may be now or hereafter needed for any department
of the army. No rents will be paid by the Government
of the United States during the war, and all buildings
must be distributed according to the accustomed rates
of the Quartermaster's Department, as though they
were public property.
2. The chief commissary of subsistence, Colonel A.
Beckwith, will transfer the grand depot of the army to
the city of Savannah, secure possession of the needful
buildings and offices, and give the necessary orders, to
the end that the army may be supplied abundantly and
well.
S. The chief-engineer, Captain Poe, will at once direct
which of the enemy's forts are to be retained for our
use, and which dismantled and destroyed. The chief](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20853-250619173600-b5df8655/85/CompTIA-Project-PK0-005-Cert-Guide-2nd-Edition-Robin-Abernathy-Ann-Lang-48-320.jpg)
![ordnance-officer, Captain Baylor, will in like manner
take possession of all property pertaining to his
department captured from the enemy, and cause the
same to be collected and conveyed to points of
security; all the heavy coast-guns will be dismounted
and carried to Fort Pulaski.
4. The troops, for the present, will be grouped about
the city of Savannah, looking to convenience of camps;
General Slocum taking from the Savannah River
around to the seven-mile post on the Canal, and
General Howard thence to the sea; General Kilpatrick
will hold King's Bridge until Fort McAllister is
dismantled, and the troops withdrawn from the south
side of the Ogeechee, when he will take post about
Anderson's plantation, on the plank-road, and picket all
the roads leading from the north and west.
5. General Howard will keep a small guard at Forts
Rosedale, Beaulieu, Wimberley, Thunderbolt, and
Bonaventura, and he will cause that shore and
Skidaway Island to be examined very closely, with a
view to finding many and convenient points for the
embarkation of troops and wagons on seagoing
vessels.
By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman,
L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp.
[Special Field Order No. 143.]
HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE
MISSISSIPPI,](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/20853-250619173600-b5df8655/85/CompTIA-Project-PK0-005-Cert-Guide-2nd-Edition-Robin-Abernathy-Ann-Lang-49-320.jpg)
CompTIA Project+ PK0-005 Cert Guide, 2nd Edition Robin Abernathy & Ann Lang
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- 8. CompTIA Project+ PK0-005 Cert Guide Robin Abernathy, Ann Lang Pearson IT Certification
- 9. Contents at a Glance Part I: Project Management Concepts Chapter 1. Project Characteristics, Methodologies, and Frameworks Chapter 2. Team and Resource Management Chapter 3. Change Control Process Throughout the Project Life Cycle Chapter 4. Risk and Issue Management Chapter 5. Schedule Development and Management Chapter 6. Quality, Cost, and Performance Management Chapter 7. Communication and Meeting Management Chapter 8. Project Procurement and Vendor Selection Part II: Project Life Cycle Phases Chapter 9. Project Life Cycles, Discovery/Concept Preparation Phase, and Initiating Phase Activities Chapter 10. Planning Phase Activities Chapter 11. Executing Phase Activities Chapter 12. Closing Phase Activities Part III: Project Tools and Documentation Chapter 13. Project Management Tools Chapter 14. Quality and Performance Charts
- 10. Part IV: IT and Governance Chapter 15. Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors and Compliance, Data Security, and Privacy Considerations Chapter 16. Foundational IT Concepts and Operational Change Control for IT Project Management Part V: Getting Ready for the Exam Chapter 17. Final Preparation Appendix A: Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?”Questions and Review Quizzes Appendix B: Master Table of Project Management Artifacts, Documents, and Plans Appendix C: Memory Tables Appendix D: Memory Tables Answers Appendix E: Study Planner Glossary
- 11. Contents Part I: Project Management Concepts Chapter 1. Project Characteristics, Methodologies, and Frameworks “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics Characteristics of a Project Methodologies and Frameworks Used in IT Projects Exam Preparation Tasks Chapter 2. Team and Resource Management Chapter 3. Change Control Process Throughout the Project Life Cycle Chapter 4. Risk and Issue Management Chapter 5. Schedule Development and Management “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics Overview of Project Schedule Development Story Estimation/Story Points Upcoming Milestones and Activity Identification Sequencing Resource Loading Estimating Techniques
- 12. Schedule Baselining Schedule Maintenance Revise Baseline vs. Rebaseline Exam Preparation Tasks Chapter 6. Quality, Cost, and Performance Management “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics Overview of Quality, Cost, and Performance Management Key Performance Indicators and Objectives and Key Results Cost and Schedule Performance Verification and Validation Sprint Review Retrospective/Lessons Learned Audits and Inspections Test Plan and Testing Cycles Post-Implementation Support/Warranty Period Service Level Agreement Exam Preparation Tasks Chapter 7. Communication and Meeting Management Chapter 8. Project Procurement and Vendor Selection “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics Resource Procurement Overview
- 13. Resource Procurement Methods Exploratory Documents Vendor Evaluation Techniques Contract Considerations and Types Exam Preparation Tasks Part II: Project Life Cycle Phases Chapter 9. Project Life Cycles, Discovery/Concept Preparation Phase, and Initiating Phase Activities Chapter 10. Planning Phase Activities Chapter 11. Executing Phase Activities “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics Execute Tasks According to the Project Management Plan Monitor and Control Project Work Manage Vendors Conduct Project Meetings and Updates Tracking/Reporting Update the Project Budget Update the Project Timeline Manage Conflict Coordinate a Phase-Gate Review Implement Organizational Change Management Exam Preparation Tasks Chapter 12. Closing Phase Activities
- 14. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics Project Evaluation Deliverable Validation Contract Closure Access Removal Resource Release Project Closure Meeting Project Closeout Report Stakeholder Feedback Collection Documentation Archival Budget Reconciliation Rewards and Celebration Project Sign-Off Exam Preparation Tasks Part III: Project Tools and Documentation Chapter 13. Project Management Tools Chapter 14. Quality and Performance Charts Part IV: IT and Governance Chapter 15. Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors and Compliance, Data Security, and Privacy Considerations “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics
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- 16. Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors Corporate IT Security Policies and Restrictions Physical Security Operational Security Digital Security Data Security Data Confidentiality Impact of Compliance and Privacy Considerations on Project Management Chapter 16. Foundational IT Concepts and Operational Change Control for IT Project Management “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz Foundation Topics Infrastructure Cloud Models Software IT Infrastructure Change Control Software Change Control Cloud Versus On-Premises Change Control Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) Process Tiered Architecture in Software Development Exam Preparation Tasks Part V: Getting Ready for the Exam Chapter 17. Final Preparation
- 17. Take Advantage of the Tools in This Book Practice with Pearson Test Prep Ready, Set, Test! Appendix A: Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?”Questions and Review Quizzes Appendix B: Master Table of Project Management Artifacts, Documents, and Plans Appendix C: Memory Tables Table C-1: What Is a Project? Table C-2: Project Phases Table C-3: Documents and Activities by Project Phase Table C-4: Earned Value Management (EVM) Value Calculations Table C-5: Estimate at Completion (EAC) Value Calculations Table C-6: Key Performance Indicators/Key Performance Parameters Appendix D: Memory Tables Answers Table D-1: What Is a Project? Table D-2: Project Phases Table D-3: Documents and Activities by Project Phase Table D-4: Earned Value Management (EVM) Value Calculations Table D-5: Estimate at Completion (EAC) Value Calculations Table D-6: Key Performance Indicators/Key Performance Parameters
- 18. Appendix E: Study Planner Glossary
- 19. Part I: Project Management Concepts
- 20. Chapter 1. Project Characteristics, Methodologies, and Frameworks This chapter covers the following topics: • Characteristics of a Project: Covers project characteristics, including start and finish, unique, reason/purpose, project as part of a program, and project as part of a portfolio. • Methodologies and Frameworks Used in IT Projects: Covers methodologies and frameworks, including Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), Waterfall, PRojects IN Controlled Environments (PRINCE2), DevOps, DevSecOps, Agile, Kanban, scrum, Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe), and Extreme Programming (XP). Also compares Agile to Waterfall, including the criteria for selecting a method and composing a team. Every industry has projects. Contractors build buildings. IT companies launch new services. Hospitals revise processes to conform with new standards or regulations. Retail businesses launch new mobile apps for their customers. All of these activities are projects, even if the organization does not expressly call them “projects” or complete the formal project management phases. A project is temporary in that it has a defined beginning and end, scope, budget, and resources. If all of these parameters are not defined at the beginning of the project, you have no way of measuring the success or failure of the project. For this reason, all
- 21. types of organizations should employ professionals with project management knowledge. Project management knowledge involves understanding the properties of all projects and understanding projects as part of an organization’s overall program and portfolio. Projects are completed based on project management methodologies and frameworks. Project managers must understand the types of development approaches and the specific IT project methodologies and frameworks that are available. This allows project managers to guide organizations in developing an approach that works both for the organization and for the type of project being undertaken. This chapter covers the following objectives for the CompTIA Project+ exam: 1.1 Explain the basic characteristics of a project and various methodologies and frameworks used in IT projects. 1.2 Compare and contrast Agile vs. Waterfall concepts. “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz The “Do I Know This Already?” quiz allows you to assess whether you should read this entire chapter thoroughly or jump to the “Exam Preparation Tasks” section. If you are in doubt about your answers to these questions or your own assessment of your knowledge of the topics, read the entire chapter. Table 1-1 lists the major headings in this chapter and their corresponding “Do I Know This Already?” quiz questions. You can find the answers in Appendix A, “Answers to the ‘Do I Know This Already?’ Questions and Review Quizzes.” Table 1-1 “Do I Know This Already?” Section-to-Question Mapping
- 22. Caution The goal of self-assessment is to gauge your mastery of the topics in this chapter. If you do not know the answer to a question or are only partially sure of the answer, you should mark that question as wrong for purposes of the self-assessment. Giving yourself credit for an answer you correctly guess skews your self- assessment results and might provide you with a false sense of security. 1. Which of the following is not a quality of a project? a. Start and finish b. Permanent c. Unique d. Reason 2. Which of the following statements regarding programs and portfolios is true? a. All projects are part of the portfolio. b. Only certain programs are part of the portfolio. c. Each project must be part of a program.
- 23. d. Each program within a project is managed in a coordinated method. 3. Which quality of Agile projects allows a project to meet changing conditions? a. Incremental b. Predictive c. Iterative d. Adaptive 4. Which of the following statements describes the iterative quality of an Agile project? a. It breaks the project into smaller components. b. It provides a linear development plan that is structured around the desired result. c. Each incomplete area is refined until the result is satisfactory. d. Completed work is delivered throughout the project life cycle. 5. What tool is used in Agile planning to help with requirements gathering? a. Burndown charts b. User stories c. Scrum retrospectives d. Questionnaires 6. What key component is required for an Agile project to succeed? a. Burndown charts b. Continuous feedback
- 24. c. Scrum master d. Scrum retrospective 7. Which of the following is not one of the questions answered in the daily scrum meeting? a. What did the team member do yesterday? b. What will the team member do today? c. Are any obstacles in the way? d. What went wrong during this sprint? 8. Which description best fits Agile teams? a. Centrally organized and directed b. Self-organized and self-directed c. Centrally organized but self-directed d. Self-organized but centrally directed 9. Which of the following is a predictive model? a. SDLC b. XP c. Scrum d. Kanban 10. Which four steps of the DevOps model are the responsibility of the operations team? a. Plan, Code, Build, and Test b. Release, Deploy, Operate, and Monitor c. Plan, Code, Operate, and Monitor d. Build, Test, Release, and Deploy
- 25. Foundation Topics Characteristics of a Project The Project Management Institute (PMI) defines a project as “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.” A project is based on the needs of the project sponsor or customer and may be terminated by the same entity. Every project creates a unique product, service, or result. Once the project is complete, the project’s product, service, or result may continue to affect society, the economy, the sponsor, and the environment. Projects are undertaken at all levels and in all departments of an organization. No matter which levels or departments are involved, the project team will be responsible for completing the project within budget and on schedule. EXAMPLE: Upper management has a project to analyze the organization for Lean practices. The human resources (HR) department has a project to deploy a new employment application. All departments are involved in a project to redesign the network infrastructure, with the IT department heading the project. Projects happen all around us every day and involve every industry. To ensure project success, organizations should employ personnel who understand project management and grasp the difference between projects and day-to-day operations. To fully comprehend the distinction, compare the examples in the two columns in Table 1- 2. Table 1-2 Projects Versus Day-to-Day Operations
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- 27. Exploring the Variety of Random Documents with Different Content
- 28. 10 93 24 404 1 277 77 1,261 HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, December 16, 1864 Major-General SHERMAN (via Hilton Head). GENERAL: Lieutenant-General Grant informs me that, in his last dispatch sent to you, he suggested the transfer of your infantry to Richmond. He now wishes me to say that you will retain your entire force, at least for the present, and, with such assistance as may be given you by General Foster and Admiral Dahlgren, operate from such base as you may establish on the coast. General Foster will obey such instructions as may be given by you. Should you have captured Savannah, it is thought that by transferring the water-batteries to the land side that place may be made a good depot and base of operations on Augusta, Branchville, or Charleston. If Savannah should not be captured, or if captured and not deemed suitable for this purpose, perhaps Beaufort would serve as a depot. As the rebels have probably removed their most valuable property from Augusta, perhaps Branchville would be the most important point at which to strike in order to sever all connection between Virginia and the Southwestern Railroad. General Grant's wishes, however, are, that this whole
- 29. matter of your future actions should be entirely left to your discretion. We can send you from here a number of complete batteries of field-artillery, with or without horses, as you may desire; also, as soon as General Thomas can spare them, all the fragments, convalescents, and furloughed men of your army. It is reported that Thomas defeated Hood yesterday, near Nashville, but we have no particulars nor official reports, telegraphic communication being interrupted by a heavy storm. Our last advises from you was General Howard's note, announcing his approach to Savannah. Yours truly, H. W. HALLECK, Major-General, Chief-of-Staff. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, December 18, 1864. Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Savannah (via Hilton Head). My DEAR GENERAL: Yours of the 13th, by Major Anderson, is just received. I congratulate you on your splendid success, and shall very soon expect to hear of the crowning work of your campaign--the capture of Savannah. Your march will stand out prominently as the great one of this great war. When Savannah falls, then for another wide swath through the centre of the Confederacy. But I will not anticipate. General Grant is expected here this morning, and will probably write you his own views.
- 30. I do not learn from your letter, or from Major Anderson, that you are in want of any thing which we have not provided at Hilton Head. Thinking it probable that you might want more field-artillery, I had prepared several batteries, but the great difficulty of foraging horses on the sea-coast will prevent our sending any unless you actually need them. The hay- crop this year is short, and the Quartermaster's Department has great difficulty in procuring a supply for our animals. General Thomas has defeated Hood, near Nashville, and it is hoped that he will completely, crush his army. Breckenridge, at last accounts, was trying to form a junction near Murfreesboro', but, as Thomas is between them, Breckenridge must either retreat or be defeated. General Rosecrans made very bad work of it in Missouri, allowing Price with a small force to overrun the State and destroy millions of property. Orders have been issued for all officers and detachments having three months or more to serve, to rejoin your army via Savannah. Those having less than three months to serve, will be retained by General Thomas. Should you capture Charleston, I hope that by some accident the place may be destroyed, and, if a little salt should be sown upon its site, it may prevent the growth of future crops of nullification and secession. Yours truly, H. W. HALLECK, Major-General, Chief-of-Staff.
- 31. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON, December 18, 1864. To Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, commanding Military Division of the Mississippi. My DEAR GENERAL: I have just received and read, I need not tell you with how mush gratification, your letter to General Halleck. I congratulate you and the brave officers and men under your command on the successful termination of your most brilliant campaign. I never had a doubt of the result. When apprehensions for your safety were expressed by the President, I assured him with the army you had, and you in command of it, there was no danger but you would strike bottom on salt-water some place; that I would not feel the same security--in fact, would not have intrusted the expedition to any other living commander. It has been very hard work to get Thomas to attack Hood. I gave him the most peremptory order, and had started to go there myself, before he got off. He has done magnificently, however, since he started. Up to last night, five thousand prisoners and forty-nine pieces of captured artillery, besides many wagons and innumerable small-arms, had been received in Nashville. This is exclusive of the enemy's loss at Franklin, which amounted to thirteen general officers killed, wounded, and captured. The enemy probably lost five thousand men at Franklin, and ten thousand in the last three days' operations. Breckenridge is said to be making for Murfreesboro'.
- 32. I think he is in a most excellent place. Stoneman has nearly wiped out John Morgan's old command, and five days ago entered Bristol. I did think the best thing to do was to bring the greater part of your army here, and wipe out Lee. The turn affairs now seem to be taking has shaken me in that opinion. I doubt whether you may not accomplish more toward that result where you are than if brought here, especially as I am informed, since my arrival in the city, that it would take about two months to get you here with all the other calls there are for ocean transportation. I want to get your views about what ought to be done, and what can be done. If you capture the garrison of Savannah, it certainly will compel Lee to detach from Richmond, or give us nearly the whole South. My own opinion is that Lee is averse to going out of Virginia, and if the cause of the South is lost he wants Richmond to be the last place surrendered. If he has such views, it may be well to indulge him until we get every thing else in our hands. Congratulating you and the army again upon the splendid results of your campaign, the like of which is not read of in past history, I subscribe myself, more than ever, if possible, your friend, U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. HEADQUARTERS OF THE ARMY CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, December 26, 1864. Major-General W. T. SHERMAN, Savannah, Georgia.
- 33. GENERAL: Your very interesting letter of the 22d inst., brought by Major Grey of General Foster's staff; is fast at hand. As the major starts back at once, I can do no more at present than simply acknowledge its receipt. The capture of Savannah, with all its immense stores, must tell upon the people of the South. All well here. Yours truly, U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General. HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 24, 1864. Lieutenant-General U. S. GRANT, City Point, Virginia. GENERAL: Your letter of December 18th is just received. I feel very much gratified at receiving the handsome commendation you pay my army. I will, in general orders, convey to the officers and men the substance of your note. I am also pleased that you have modified your former orders, for I feared that the transportation by sea would very much disturb the unity and morale of my army, now so perfect. The occupation of Savannah, which I have heretofore reported, completes the first part of our game, and fulfills a great part of your instructions; and we are now engaged in dismantling the rebel forts which bear upon the sea-channels, and transferring the heavy ordnance and ammunition to Fort Pulaski and Hilton Head, where they can be more easily guarded than if
- 34. left in the city. The rebel inner lines are well adapted to our purpose, and with slight modifications can be held by a comparatively small force; and in about ten days I expect to be ready to sally forth again. I feel no doubt whatever as to our future plans. I have thought them over so long and well that they appear as clear as daylight. I left Augusta untouched on purpose, because the enemy will be in doubt as to my objective point, after we cross the Savannah River, whether it be Augusta or Charleston, and will naturally divide his forces. I will then move either on Branchville or Colombia, by any curved line that gives us the best supplies, breaking up in our course as much railroad as possible; then, ignoring Charleston and Augusta both, I would occupy Columbia and Camden, pausing there long enough to observe the effect. I would then strike for the Charleston & Wilmington Railroad, somewhere between the Santee and Cape Fear Rivers, and, if possible, communicate with the fleet under Admiral Dahlgren (whom I find a most agreeable gentleman, accommodating himself to our wishes and plans). Then I would favor an attack on Wilmington, in the belief that Porter and Butler will fail in their present undertaking. Charleston is now a mere desolated wreck, and is hardly worth the time it would take to starve it out. Still, I am aware that, historically and politically, much importance is attached to the place, and it may be that, apart from its military importance, both you and the Administration may prefer I should give it more attention; and it would be well for you to give me some general idea on that subject, for otherwise I would treat it as I have expressed, as a point of little importance, after all its railroads leading into the interior have been destroyed or occupied by
- 35. us. But, on the hypothesis of ignoring Charleston and taking Wilmington, I would then favor a movement direct on Raleigh. The game is then up with Lee, unless he comes out of Richmond, avoids you and fights me; in which case I should reckon on your being on his heels. Now that Hood is used up by Thomas, I feel disposed to bring the matter to an issue as quick as possible. I feel confident that I can break up the whole railroad system of South Carolina and North Carolina, and be on the Roanoke, either at Raleigh or Weldon, by the time spring fairly opens; and, if you feel confident that you can whip Lee outside of his intrenchments, I feel equally confident that I can handle him in the open country. One reason why I would ignore Charleston is this: that I believe Hardee will reduce the garrison to a small force, with plenty of provisions; I know that the neck back of Charleston can be made impregnable to assault, and we will hardly have time for siege operations. I will have to leave in Savannah a garrison, and, if Thomas can spare them, I would like to have all detachments, convalescents, etc., belonging to these four corps, sent forward at once. I do not want to cripple Thomas, because I regard his operations as all- important, and I have ordered him to pursue Hood down into Alabama, trusting to the country for supplies. I reviewed one of my corps to-day, and shall continue to review the whole army. I do not like to boast, but believe this army has a confidence in itself that makes it almost invincible. I wish you could run down and see us; it would have a good effect, and show to both
- 36. armies that they are acting on a common plan. The weather is now cool and pleasant, and the general health very good. Your true friend, W. T. SHERMAN Major-General. HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI IN THE FIELD, SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 24, 1864. Major-General H. W. HALLECK, Chief-of-Staff; Washington, D. C. GENERAL: I had the pleasure of receiving your two letters of the 16th and 18th instant to-day, and feel more than usually flattered by the high encomiums you have passed on our recent campaign, which is now complete by the occupation of Savannah. I am also very glad that General Grant has changed his mind about embarking my troops for James River, leaving me free to make the broad swath you describe through South and North Carolina; and still more gratified at the news from Thomas, in Tennessee, because it fulfills my plans, which contemplated his being able to dispose of Hood, in case he ventured north of the Tennessee River. So, I think, on the whole, I can chuckle over Jeff. Davis's disappointment in not turning my Atlanta campaign into a "Moscow disaster." I have just finished a long letter to General Grant, and have explained to him that we are engaged in shifting our base from the Ogeeohee to the Savannah River,
- 37. dismantling all the forts made by the enemy to bear upon the salt-water channels, transferring the heavy ordnance, etc., to Fort Pulaski and Hilton Head, and in remodeling the enemy's interior lines to suit our future plans and purposes. I have also laid down the programme for a campaign which I can make this winter, and which will put me in the spring on the Roanoke, in direct communication with General Grant on James River. In general terms, my plan is to turn over to General Foster the city of Savannah, to sally forth with my army resupplied, cross the Savannah, feign on Charleston and Augusta, but strike between, breaking en route the Charleston & Augusta Railroad, also a large part of that from Branchville and Camden toward North Carolina, and then rapidly to move for some point of the railroad from Charleston to Wilmington, between the Santee and Cape Fear Rivers; then, communicating with the fleet in the neighborhood of Georgetown, I would turn upon Wilmington or Charleston, according to the importance of either. I rather prefer Wilmington, as a live place, over Charleston, which is dead and unimportant when its railroad communications are broken. I take it for granted that the present movement on Wilmington will fail. If I should determine to take Charleston, I would turn across the country (which I have hunted over many a time) from Santee to Mount Pleasant, throwing one wing on the peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper. After accomplishing one or other of these ends, I would make a bee-line for Raleigh or Weldon, when Lee world be forced to come out of Richmond, or acknowledge himself beaten. He would, I think, by the use of the Danville Railroad, throw himself rapidly between me and Grant, leaving Richmond in the hands of the latter. This would not alarm me, for I have an army which I think can maneuver, and I world force
- 38. him to attack me at a disadvantage, always under the supposition that Grant would be on his heels; and, if the worst come to the worst, I can fight my way down to Albermarle Sound, or Newbern. I think the time has come now when we should attempt the boldest moves, and my experience is, that they are easier of execution than more timid ones, because the enemy is disconcerted by them--as, for instance, my recent campaign. I also doubt the wisdom of concentration beyond a certain extent, for the roads of this country limit the amount of men that can be brought to bear in any one battle, and I do not believe that any one general can handle more than sixty thousand men in battle. I think our campaign of the last month, as well as every step I take from this point northward, is as much a direct attack upon Lee's army as though we were operating within the sound of his artillery. I am very anxious that Thomas should follow up his success to the very utmost point. My orders to him before I left Kingston were, after beating Hood, to follow him as far as Columbus, Mississippi, or Selma, Alabama, both of which lie in districts of country which are rich in corn and meat. I attach more importance to these deep incisions into the enemy's country, because this war differs from European wars in this particular: we are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war, as well as their organized armies. I know that this recent movement of mine through Georgia has
- 39. had a wonderful effect in this respect. Thousands who had been deceived by their lying newspapers to believe that we were being whipped all the time now realize the truth, and have no appetite for a repetition of the same experience. To be sure, Jeff. Davis has his people under pretty good discipline, but I think faith in him is much shaken in Georgia, and before we have done with her South Carolina will not be quite so tempestuous. I will bear in mind your hint as to Charleston, and do not think "salt" will be necessary. When I move, the Fifteenth Corps will be on the right of the right wing, and their position will naturally bring them into Charleston first; and, if you have watched the history of that corps, you will have remarked that they generally do their work pretty well. The truth is, the whole army is burning with an insatiable desire to wreak vengeance upon South Carolina. I almost tremble at her fate, but feel that she deserves all that seems in store for her. Many and many a person in Georgia asked me why we did not go to South Carolina; and, when I answered that we were enroute for that State, the invariable reply was, "Well, if you will make those people feel the utmost severities of war, we will pardon you for your desolation of Georgia." I look upon Colombia as quite as bad as Charleston, and I doubt if we shall spare the public buildings there as we did at Milledgeville. I have been so busy lately that I have not yet made my official report, and I think I had better wait until I get my subordinate reports before attempting it, as I
- 40. am anxious to explain clearly not only the reasons for every step, but the amount of execution done, and this I cannot do until I get the subordinate reports; for we marched the whole distance in four or more columns, and, of course, I could only be present with one, and generally that one engaged in destroying railroads. This work of destruction was performed better than usual, because I had an engineer-regiment, provided with claws to twist the bars after being heated. Such bars can never be used again, and the only way in which a railroad line can be reconstructed across Georgia is, to make a new road from Fairburn Station (twenty-four miles southwest of Atlanta) to Madison, a distance of one hundred miles; and, before that can be done, I propose to be on the road from Augusta to Charleston, which is a continuation of the same. I felt somewhat disappointed at Hardee's escape, but really am not to blame. I moved as quickly as possible to close up the "Union Causeway," but intervening obstacles were such that, before I could get troops on the road, Hardee had slipped out. Still, I know that the men that were in Savannah will be lost in a measure to Jeff. Davis, for the Georgia troops, under G. W. Smith, declared they would not fight in South Carolina, and they have gone north, en route for Augusta, and I have reason to believe the North Carolina troops have gone to Wilmington; in other words, they are scattered. I have reason to believe that Beauregard was present in Savannah at the time of its evacuation, and think that he and Hardee are now in Charleston, making preparations for what they suppose will be my next step. Please say to the President that I have received his kind message (through Colonel Markland), and feel thankful for his high favor. If I disappoint him in the
- 41. future, it shall not be from want of zeal or love to the cause. From you I expect a full and frank criticism of my plans for the future, which may enable me to correct errors before it is too late. I do not wish to be rash, but want to give my rebel friends no chance to accuse us of want of enterprise or courage. Assuring you of my high personal respect, I remain, as ever, your friend, W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General. [General Order No. 3.] WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE WASHINGTON, January 14, 1865. The following resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives is published to the army: [PUBLIC RESOLUTION--No. 4.] Joint resolution tendering the thanks of the people and of Congress to Major-General William T. Sherman, and the officers and soldiers of his command, for their gallant conduct in their late brilliant movement through Georgia. Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the thanks of the people and of the Congress of the United States are due and
- 42. are hereby tendered to Major-General William T. Sherman, and through him to the officers and men under his command, for their gallantry and good conduct in their late campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and the triumphal march thence through Georgia to Savannah, terminating in the capture and occupation of that city; and that the President cause a copy of this joint resolution to be engrossed and forwarded to Major-General Sherman. Approved, January 10, 1865. By order of the Secretary of War, W. A. NICHOLS, Assistant Adjutant-General.
- 44. CHAPTER XXII. SAVANNAH AND POCOTALIGO. DECEMBER, 1884, AND JANUARY, 1885.
- 45. Full Size The city of Savannah was an old place, and usually accounted a handsome one. Its houses were of brick or frame, with large yards, ornamented with shrubbery and flowers; its streets perfectly regular, crossing each other at right angles; and at many of the intersections were small inclosures in the nature of parks. These streets and parks
- 46. were lined with the handsomest shade-trees of which I have knowledge, viz., the Willow-leaf live-oak, evergreens of exquisite beauty; and these certainly entitled Savannah to its reputation as a handsome town more than the houses, which, though comfortable, would hardly make a display on Fifth Avenue or the Boulevard Haussmann of Paris. The city was built on a plateau of sand about forty feet above the level of the sea, abutting against the river, leaving room along its margin for a street of stores and warehouses. The customhouse, court-house, post-office, etc., were on the plateau above. In rear of Savannah was a large park, with a fountain, and between it and the court-house was a handsome monument, erected to the memory of Count Pulaski, who fell in 1779 in the assault made on the city at the time it was held by the English during the Revolutionary War. Outside of Savannah there was very little to interest a stranger, except the cemetery of Bonaventura, and the ride along the Wilmington Channel by way of Thunderbolt, where might be seen some groves of the majestic live-oak trees, covered with gray and funereal moss, which were truly sublime in grandeur, but gloomy after a few days' camping under them: Within an hour of taking up my quarters in Mr. Green's house, Mr. A. G. Browne, of Salem, Massachusetts, United States Treasury agent for the Department of the South, made his appearance to claim possession, in the name of the Treasury Department, of all captured cotton, rice, buildings, etc. Having use for these articles ourselves, and having fairly earned them, I did not feel inclined to surrender possession, and explained to him that the quartermaster and commissary could manage them more to my liking than he; but I agreed, after the proper inventories had been prepared, if there remained any thing for which we had no special use, I would turn it over to him. It was then known that in the warehouses were stored at least twenty-five thousand bales of cotton, and in the forts one hundred and fifty large, heavy sea-coast guns: although afterward, on a more careful count, there proved to be more than two hundred and fifty sea-coast or siege guns, and thirty-one thousand bales of cotton. At that interview Mr. Browne, who was a shrewd, clever
- 47. Yankee, told me that a vessel was on the point of starting for Old Point Comfort, and, if she had good weather off Cape Hatteras, would reach Fortress Monroe by Christmas-day, and he suggested that I might make it the occasion of sending a welcome Christmas gift to the President, Mr. Lincoln, who peculiarly enjoyed such pleasantry. I accordingly sat down and wrote on a slip of paper, to be left at the telegraph-office at Fortress Monroe for transmission, the following: SAVANNAH GEORGIA, December 22, 1884. To His Excellency President Lincoln, Washington, D. C.: I beg to present you as a Christmas-gift the city of Savannah, with one hundred and fifty heavy guns and plenty of ammunition, also about twenty five thousand bales of cotton. W. T. SHERMAN, Major-General. This message actually reached him on Christmas-eve, was extensively published in the newspapers, and made many a household unusually happy on that festive day; and it was in the answer to this dispatch that Mr. Lincoln wrote me the letter of December 28th, already given, beginning with the words, "many, many thanks," etc., which he sent at the hands of General John A. Logan, who happened to be in Washington, and was coming to Savannah, to rejoin his command. On the 23d of December were made the following general orders for the disposition of the troops in and about Savannah:
- 48. [Special Field Order No. 139.] HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 23, 1864. Savannah, being now in our possession, the river partially cleared out, and measures having been taken to remove all obstructions, will at once be made a grand depot for future operations: 1. The chief-quartermaster, General Euston, will, after giving the necessary orders touching the transports in Ogeechee River and Oasabaw Sound, come in person to Savannah, and take possession of all public buildings, vacant storerooms, warehouses, etc., that may be now or hereafter needed for any department of the army. No rents will be paid by the Government of the United States during the war, and all buildings must be distributed according to the accustomed rates of the Quartermaster's Department, as though they were public property. 2. The chief commissary of subsistence, Colonel A. Beckwith, will transfer the grand depot of the army to the city of Savannah, secure possession of the needful buildings and offices, and give the necessary orders, to the end that the army may be supplied abundantly and well. S. The chief-engineer, Captain Poe, will at once direct which of the enemy's forts are to be retained for our use, and which dismantled and destroyed. The chief
- 49. ordnance-officer, Captain Baylor, will in like manner take possession of all property pertaining to his department captured from the enemy, and cause the same to be collected and conveyed to points of security; all the heavy coast-guns will be dismounted and carried to Fort Pulaski. 4. The troops, for the present, will be grouped about the city of Savannah, looking to convenience of camps; General Slocum taking from the Savannah River around to the seven-mile post on the Canal, and General Howard thence to the sea; General Kilpatrick will hold King's Bridge until Fort McAllister is dismantled, and the troops withdrawn from the south side of the Ogeechee, when he will take post about Anderson's plantation, on the plank-road, and picket all the roads leading from the north and west. 5. General Howard will keep a small guard at Forts Rosedale, Beaulieu, Wimberley, Thunderbolt, and Bonaventura, and he will cause that shore and Skidaway Island to be examined very closely, with a view to finding many and convenient points for the embarkation of troops and wagons on seagoing vessels. By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman, L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp. [Special Field Order No. 143.] HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI,
- 50. IN THE FIELD, NEAR SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, December 26, 1864. The city of Savannah and surrounding country will be held as a military post, and adapted to future military uses, but, as it contains a population of some twenty thousand people, who must be provided for, and as other citizens may come, it is proper to lay down certain general principles, that all within its military jurisdiction may understand their relative duties and obligations. 1. During war, the military is superior to civil authority, and, where interests clash, the civil must give way; yet, where there is no conflict, every encouragement should be given to well-disposed and peaceful inhabitants to resume their usual pursuits. Families should be disturbed as little as possible in their residences, and tradesmen allowed the free use of their shops, tools, etc.; churches, schools, and all places of amusement and recreation, should be encouraged, and streets and roads made perfectly safe to persons in their pursuits. Passes should not be exacted within the line of outer pickets, but if any person shall abuse these privileges by communicating with the enemy, or doing any act of hostility to the Government of the United States, he or she will be punished with the utmost rigor of the law. Commerce with the outer world will be resumed to an extent commensurate with the wants of the citizens, governed by the restrictions and rules of the Treasury Department. 2. The chief quartermaster and commissary of the army may give suitable employment to the people, white and black, or transport them to such points as
- 51. they may choose where employment can be had; and may extend temporary relief in the way of provisions and vacant houses to the worthy and needy, until such time as they can help themselves. They will select first the buildings for the necessary uses of the army; next, a sufficient number of stores, to be turned over to the Treasury agent for trade-stores. All vacant store- houses or dwellings, and all buildings belonging to absent rebels, will be construed and used as belonging to the United States, until such time as their titles can be settled by the courts of the United States. 3. The Mayor and City Council of Savannah will continue to exercise their functions, and will, in concert with the commanding officer of the post and the chief- quartermaster, see that the fire-companies are kept in organization, the streets cleaned and lighted, and keep up a good understanding between the citizens and soldiers. They will ascertain and report to the chief commissary of subsistence, as soon as possible, the names and number of worthy families that need assistance and support. The mayor will forth with give public notice that the time has come when all must choose their course, viz., remain within our lines, and conduct themselves as good citizens, or depart in peace. He will ascertain the names of all who choose to leave Savannah, and report their names and residence to the chief-quartermaster, that measures may be taken to transport them beyond our lines. 4. Not more than two newspapers will be published in Savannah; their editors and proprietors will be held to the strictest accountability, and will be punished severely, in person and property, for any libelous publication, mischievous matter, premature news, exaggerated statements, or any comments whatever
- 52. upon the acts of the constituted authorities; they will be held accountable for such articles, even though copied from other papers. By order of Major-General W. T. Sherman, L. M. DAYTON, Aide-de-Camp. It was estimated that there were about twenty thousand inhabitants in Savannah, all of whom had participated more or less in the war, and had no special claims to our favor, but I regarded the war as rapidly drawing to a close, and it was becoming a political question as to what was to be done with the people of the South, both white and black, when the war was actually over. I concluded to give them the option to remain or to join their friends in Charleston or Augusta, and so announced in general orders. The mayor, Dr. Arnold, was completely "subjugated," and, after consulting with him, I authorized him to assemble his City Council to take charge generally of the interests of the people; but warned all who remained that they must be strictly subordinate to the military law, and to the interests of the General Government. About two hundred persona, mostly the families of men in the Confederate army, prepared to follow the fortunes of their husbands and fathers, and these were sent in a steamboat under a flag of truce, in charge of my aide Captain Audenried, to Charleston harbor, and there delivered to an officer of the Confederate army. But the great bulk of the inhabitants chose to remain in Savannah, generally behaved with propriety, and good social relations at once arose between them and the army. Shortly after our occupation of Savannah, a lady was announced at my headquarters by the orderly or sentinel at the front-door, who was ushered into the parlor, and proved to be the wife of General G. W. Smith, whom I had known about 1850, when Smith was on duty at West Point. She was a native of New London,
- 53. Connecticut, and very handsome. She began her interview by presenting me a letter from her husband, who then commanded a division of the Georgia militia in the rebel army, which had just quitted Savannah, which letter began, "DEAR SHERMAN: The fortunes of war, etc-., compel me to leave my wife in Savannah, and I beg for her your courteous protection," etc., etc. I inquired where she lived, and if anybody was troubling her. She said she was boarding with a lady whose husband had, in like manner with her own, gone off with Hardee's army; that a part of the house had been taken for the use of Major-General Ward, of Kentucky; that her landlady was approaching her confinement, and was nervous at the noise which the younger staff-officers made at night; etc. I explained to her that I could give but little personal attention to such matters, and referred her to General Slocum, whose troops occupied the city. I afterward visited her house, and saw, personally, that she had no reason to complain. Shortly afterward Mr. Hardee, a merchant of Savannah, came to me and presented a letter from his brother, the general, to the same effect, alleging that his brother was a civilian, had never taken up arms, and asked of me protection for his family, his cotton, etc. To him I gave the general assurance that no harm was designed to any of the people of Savannah who would remain quiet and peaceable, but that I could give him no guarantee as to his cotton, for over it I had no absolute control; and yet still later I received a note from the wife of General A. P. Stewart (who commanded a corps in Hood's army), asking me to come to see her. This I did, and found her to be a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, wanting protection, and who was naturally anxious about the fate of her husband, known to be with General Hood, in Tennessee, retreating before General Thomas. I remember that I was able to assure her that he had not been killed or captured, up to that date, and think that I advised her, instead of attempting to go in pursuit of her husband, to go to Cincinnati, to her uncle, Judge Storer, there await the issue of events. Before I had reached Savannah, and during our stay there, the rebel officers and newspapers represented the conduct of the men
- 54. of our army as simply infamous; that we respected neither age nor sex; that we burned every thing we came across--barns, stables, cotton-gins, and even dwelling-houses; that we ravished the women and killed the men, and perpetrated all manner of outrages on the inhabitants. Therefore it struck me as strange that Generals Hardee and Smith should commit their, families to our custody, and even bespeak our personal care and attention. These officers knew well that these reports were exaggerated in the extreme, and yet tacitly assented to these publications, to arouse the drooping energies of the people of the South. As the division of Major-General John W. Geary, of the Twentieth Corps, was the first to enter Savannah, that officer was appointed to command the place, or to act as a sort of governor. He very soon established a good police, maintained admirable order, and I doubt if Savannah, either before or since, has had a better government than during our stay. The guard-mountings and parades, as well as the greater reviews, became the daily resorts of the ladies, to hear the music of our excellent bands; schools were opened, and the churches every Sunday were well filled with most devout and respectful congregations; stores were reopened, and markets for provisions, meat, wood, etc., were established, so that each family, regardless of race, color, or opinion, could procure all the necessaries and even luxuries of life, provided they had money. Of course, many families were actually destitute of this, and to these were issued stores from our own stock of supplies. I remember to have given to Dr. Arnold, the mayor, an order for the contents of a large warehouse of rice, which he confided to a committee of gentlemen, who went North (to Boston), and soon returned with one or more cargoes of flour, hams, sugar, coffee, etc., for gratuitous distribution, which relieved the most pressing wants until the revival of trade and business enabled the people to provide for themselves. A lady, whom I had known in former years as Miss Josephine Goodwin, told me that, with a barrel of flour and some sugar which she had received gratuitously from the commissary, she had baked
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