Computer security & ethics
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The document discusses computer security and cybercrime, emphasizing the importance of protecting computers from various threats such as viruses, malware, and unauthorized access. It outlines common types of cybercrime, including hacking, fraud, and internet harassment, and describes different malware types like viruses, worms, and spyware. Additionally, it addresses authentication methods and the ethical use of computers, highlighting the need for responsible behavior and respect for privacy online.
Computer security & ethics
- 2. SAMINA KHAN FAZAIA DEGREE COLLEGE RISALPUR
- 3. COMPUTER SECURITY Computer security refers to protecting computer hardware, software and information stored on computer from threats .
- 4. Importance of computer security • Computer users often exchange information or communicate over internet. • This can infect a user's computer with virus or other types of malicious software. • Computer security or safety is important for computer users to protect their computers from different threats.
- 7. Cyber Crime cybercrime refers to any crime that is committed by means of computer and internet technology by having unlawful access to other computers. Computer & internet have improved our lives but the same technology is also used by criminals to harm the society. SAMINA KHAN, FAZAIA DEGREE COLLEGE RISALPUR
- 8. Cyber crime Cyber crime now include the activities that cross international borders and can be considered global epidemic. SAMINA KHAN, FAZAIA DEGREE COLLEGE RISALPUR
- 9. Cyber crime The following are the commonly committed cyber crimes. Computers have been involved in crimes such as fraud, kidnapping, murder and stealing money from banks Criminals use internet to steal personnel information of other users and commit various types of cyber crime . SAMINA KHAN, FAZAIA DEGREE COLLEGE RISALPUR
- 10. Cyber crime Downloading illegal software, music files and videos are also cybercrimes Internet harassment or cyber bullying is also a serious crime
- 12. Hacker A person who illegally breaks into others computer system is known as hacker . Hacking is a cybercrime. Hackers are computer experts who try to gain unauthorized access to computer systems for stealing and corrupting information. Most of the hackers break into computers for financial benefits.
- 13. Hacker They have in-depth knowledge of network programming and create software to break into networks and create problems.
- 14. Cracker Cracker is a computer user who breaks into computer systems without permission using hacking tools for personal gain or damage and commits cybercrimes. Most of the crackers do not have professional computer skill to hack computer systems but they have knowledge about using hacking tools.
- 15. Cracker Crackers break into computers and cause serious damage. They also break into Web servers and replace the home page of a website with a page of their own design. These criminals are dangerous and harder to catch .
- 17. MALWARE AND ITS TYPES Malware is malicious software. It comprises of a number of harmful software that are threat to all computer users. Malware are created to attack on privacy , destruction and financial benefits. Worms, viruses, spyware. Adware are different types of malware.
- 19. VIRUS A computer virus is a software program that can get onto your computer when you download a file that contains the virus. It generates it’s copies and disturb the activities of other program. It move with data from one computer to another.
- 20. VIRUS It can spread through an email or it connect with data and spread in your computer.
- 21. WORMS A worm is a malware that transmits itself over a network to infect other computers. Worm can be harmful like a computer. It spreads automatically in computer networks and replicates itself. It enters a computer through a weakness in the operating system of computer.
- 22. WORMS It can travel from computer to computer without any human action.
- 24. SPYWARE Spyware programs are developed to spy on computer users by gathering information about their activities. When you download a software from internet, spyware download with that software without your knowledge. Steal passwords of computer. Access to bank account pin
- 25. SPYWARE Developed for the personal benefit of the creator. Slow down the performance of computer
- 26. ADWARE
- 28. ADWARE Adware is a malware software that attaches itself to free software on the internet. It pop up advertisements during execution of the infected program. Pop-up block option in browsers helps protect computer from adware. Collect user information without their permission.
- 30. COMPUTER VIRUSES
- 31. COMPUTER VIRUSES • Computer experts create malware such as virus, worms, spyware etc and spread it through internet. • It is important to understand how malware spreads and how to protect computer from them.
- 32. How malware spreads? • Malware can spread in computers through: • Infected flash drives/CDs • Pirated software • Network and internet • E-mail attachments
- 35. Common symptoms of malware attacks • The computer reboot automatically. • Different types of error messages appear on screen. • Unexpected messages appear on screen. • Programs don’t run in a normal way. • Computer is running very slow. • New files and folders are created on the hard disk. • Web browsers does not run properly.
- 37. Effect of Malware on web browser • Malware can hijack your browser to redirect you to sites for its purposes. Malware can infect your computer and use it as a server to broadcast various files or attacks. • Browser hijacker is a malware program that modifies web browser settings without the user's permission and redirects the user to websites the user had not intended to visit.
- 40. PROTECTING COMPUTER FROM MALWARE • Install antivirus • Install anti-spyware
- 41. Antivirus Software • Antivirus software is a class of program designed to prevent, detect and remove malware infections. • Antivirus software typically runs as a background process, scanning computers to detect and restrict the spread of malware.
- 42. Antivirus Software • Since new infections are always being made by PC programmers, antivirus programs must keep an updated database of the most recent malware codes. • Most antivirus programs auto update the infection database all the time. • Whenever connect a USB or any other storage device, must run antivirus software to ensure that it does not contain any virus.
- 44. Antispyware software • Anti-spyware programs help to block and prevent spyware and other malware infections on computers. • These programs monitor incoming data from e-mail, websites, and downloads of files and stop spyware programs from getting in into computer system.
- 45. Antispyware software • This program runs in the background of computer and continually scan spyware threats.
- 47. AUTHENTICATION MECHANICS • Mechanics of user identification and authentication.
- 48. AUTHENTICATION Authentication mean identifying a person based on a method such as: USERNAME AND PASSWORD PIN (PERSONNEL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER) ACCESS CARD BIOMETRICS
- 50. AUTHORIZATION • Authorization mean to give someone permission to do something
- 53. UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS • If a person gains access to a computer system without identity approval then he has unauthorized access which is crime
- 54. UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS • If a person gains access to a computer system without identity approval then he has unauthorized access which is crime
- 56. AUTHENTICATION METHODOLOGIES •The following are the common methodologies used for authentication purpose. Username and password Pin (personnel identification number) Access card Biometric
- 58. USERNAME AND PASSWORD • Username is a name that identifies a person on a computer. • It is used with a password. • Username and password combination is known as login information. • Username and password are used to authorize users to have access to computer, email account, bank account and other services available on computer.
- 59. USERNAME AND PASSWORD • User name is known as part of login information whereas password is secret.
- 61. PIN (PERSONNEL IDENTIFICATION NUMBER) PIN is a confidential numeric password used to authenticate a user to get access to a computer. When a user enter the PIN, it is searched in the database stored in computer. If it matches, the user is authorized. PIN are commonly used with debit and credit in retail stores. It is also used with ATM cards to withdraw cash from ATM.
- 62. ACCESS CARD
- 63. ACCESS CARD Access cards are very similar in appearance to the credit cards. They do not require username, password or PIN. They are commonly used to open security gates, hotel rooms and to open barriers in parking. They are an alternative to key.
- 64. BIOMETRICs
- 65. BIOMETRICs • Biometric refers to authentication method based on the physical characteristics of individuals such as features of face, hand geometry, retina ,voice and fingerprint. • It provides highly secure identification and personal verification technologies. • Use for financial transactions, electronic banking and personal data privacy.
- 66. MULTIMODEL AUTHENTICATION • Multimodal authentication is the combination of two or more types of authentication methods . • It uses multiple sources of information for identification.
- 67. Multimodal biometrics • Multimodal biometrics is the use of more than one biometric modality simultaneously, such as face and voice together, which improves matching performance and makes spoofing much more difficult.
- 69. COMPUTER ETHICS •Computer Ethics mean an acceptable behavior for using computer technology. •It is a code of behavior for moral and social issues while using computer technology, particularly Internet. •Computer user should be honest, respect the rights of others on the Internet and obey laws that apply to online behavior.
- 70. 12/15/2020
- 71. COMPUTER ETHICS •We should not use bad language while chatting and social networking. •We need to respect others views and should not criticize people. •We should not pretend as someone else and fool others.
- 72. COMPUTER ETHICS •We should not download copyrighted material such as music, movies, etc. •People should not do something on the internet that is objectionable or illegal.
- 73. ETHICAL USE OF COMPUTER •The following are some important moral guidelines for ethical use of computer technology. •Computer should not be used to harm other people. •Computer users should not break into other computer systems to steal, change or destroy information.
- 74. ETHICAL USE OF COMPUTER • Computer user should not read documents and emails of other users without their consent. • People should not make illegal copies of copyright software and sell it for financial benefit. •Computer user who have special computer knowledge and ability should not create malicious software and spread it to other computers.
- 75. ETHICAL USE OF COMPUTER •People should not commit any type of crime with the help of computer technology. •Computer users should respect the privacy of others.
- 76. AREAS OF COMPUTER ETHICS •The following are the main areas if Computer Ethics. Information accuracy Information ownership/intellectual rights Intellectual property Software piracy Information privacy Internet and privacy
- 77. Information Accuracy • Information stored on computer must be accurate, up-to-date and complete. • If wrong information is entered in computer, it can be very harmful.
- 78. Information ownership/intellectual rights • It means persons who create ideas in any form are the actual owners. • Ideas can be poem, article, play, novel, film and drawing. • Intellectual rights protect creative work from unauthorized access.
- 79. Intellectual property • It means legal rights of an individual or a corporation that result from intellectual activity in literary, artistic, scientific & industrial fields. • Countries have law to protect intellectual property to foster innovation and promote creativity.
- 80. Software piracy • It means making illegal copies of software for use or sale for financial benefits. • Software copyright law does not allow to make illegal copies of software and install it on other computers or sell it.
- 81. Information privacy • It refers to an individual’s right to the privacy of personal information. • The Data Protection Act(law) protects the rights of the individual against misuse of personal information by organizations.
- 82. Internet and privacy • Internet users enter personal information in websites to sign up register for services without realizing that this may lead to invasions of privacy. • The information can be accessed by hackers and used for harmful purpose. • This poses a serious threat to privacy.