Computer viruses

 the most high-profile threats to information
integrity is the computer virus.

The most sophisticated threats to computer
systems are presented by programs that exploit the
vulnerabilities in computing systems

Malware has a mechanism to replicate and
propagate itself. The different types of malware are:
Trap doors, logic bombs, trojan horses, viruses,
worms and zombies.

Worms
Spam
Virus Hoaxes
Trojan Horses
Adware
Spyware
Malware

 Boot viruses
 Program viruses
 Polymorphic viruses
 Stealth viruses
 Macro viruses
 Network viruses
 Multipartite Viruses

Boot viruses:
 These viruses infect floppy disk.
 These viruses load into memory if the
computer tries to read the disk while it is
booting.
Boot sector viruses can be created without
much difficulty and infect either the Master boot
record of the hard disk or the floppy drive.

program viruses:

 They infect program files like files with
extensions like .EXE, .COM , .BIN , .DRV and .SYS.
Some file viruses just replicate while others destroy
the program being used at that time.
when executed they load the virus in the
memory along with the program and perform the
predefined steps and infect the system

STEALTH VIRUSES:

 These viruses steals computers memory.
 They viruses are use various methods to hide
themselves and to avoid detection.

POLYMORPHIC
VIRUSES:
 These viruses are more difficult to detect
They have the ability to mutate this means that
they change the viral code known as the signature
each time it spreads or infects.

macro viruses:
 A macro virus is a new type of computer virus
that infects macros with in a document.
In essence, a macro is an executable program
embedded in a word processing document or other
type of file. Typically users employ macros to
automate repetitive tasks and there by save key
strokes.

network virus:

 These viruses rapidly spreads through
LAN and internet.

INTERNET
LAN

Multipartite Viruses
Multipartite viruses are the hybrid variety; they
can be best described as a cross between both
Boot Viruses and File viruses. They not only infect
files but also infect the boot sector.

The ideal solution to the threat of viruses is
prevention. Do not allow a virus is get into the system in first
place. This goal is in general difficult to achieve, although
prevention can reduce the no: of successful viral attacks..

Detection: Once the infection has occurred, determine that it
has occurred and locate the virus.
Identification: Once detection has been achieved, identify the
specific virus has infected a program.
Removal: Once the specific virus has been identified, remove all
traces of the virus from the infected program and restore it to its
original state.

Advances in viruses and antivirus technology go hand in
hand. As the virus arms race has evolved, both viruses and
antivirus software have grown more complex and sophisticated

Usage of the “good-virus” in Centralized Anti-Virus Update:
The person responsible for maintaining the virus protection has to go personally to each
computer and download the new version of the package manually from the server, the situation
has not improved very much.

One segment of the worm will constantly monitor the logins. Each time a workstations
attempts to login, that segment automatically queries that workstation whether it is running the
anti-virus product and which version of it.

Affirmation to “good virus” Norms:

It conforms to the Control requirement as the virus attempts to spread only on the computers
attempting to access the network on which it is running.

In fact, the replication code will not be copied, if they are not needed. The fact that it is a worm
and spreads as a whole on the network makes it relatively easy to fulfill the requirement too.

Since the "virus" modifies only old copies of itself and does not touch other programs, no
compatibility problems due to its virus-like behavior will occur.

Computer viruses are not evil and that programmers have a
right to create them, posses them and experiment with them.
 But we should never support those people who writing
viruses with destructive nature
Thus it can be effectively proved that it is possible to use the
concept of a virus for beneficial purposes.
The future might use this technology for tedious and resource
consuming jobs like software updates, system maintenance
and intruder detection.
The “good viruses” are capable of annihilating their malicious
counterparts

1. The Little Black book of Computer Viruses (electronic
edition) By Mark A. Ludwig
2. An Undetectable Computer Virus by David Chess and Steve
White, presented at the Virus Bulletin Conference,
September 2000 [PDF version]
3. Fred Cohen, Computer Viruses - Theory and Experiments,
Computer Security: A Global Challenge, Elsevier Science
Publishers B. V. (North-Holland), 1984, pp. 143-158.
4. Fred Cohen, Models of Practical Defenses against Computer
Viruses, Computers Security, 8 (1989), 2, pp. 149-160.
5. Nachenberg, C. “Computer Virus-Antivirus Coevolution.”
Communications of the ACM.
6. Computational Aspects of Computer Viruses by Fred Cohen
7. Trends in Computer Virus Research by Fred Cohen
8. Methodology of Computer Anti-Virus Research by Vesselin
Bontchev

Computer viruses

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