Computerapplicationsnotesgrade6 120320153437-phpapp01
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This document discusses different types of computers and their components. It describes mainframe, minicomputer, and microcomputers based on their size, cost, and data storage capacity. The four main parts of a computer are the input, output, memory, and central processing unit (CPU). The CPU consists of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit (ALU). Computer chips use integrated circuits to process digital or analog electrical signals. Memory includes random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). The document also defines other computer terms like bits, bytes, gigabytes, hardware, software, binary code, and ASCII code.
Computerapplicationsnotesgrade6 120320153437-phpapp01
- 2. 3 Types of Computers: Main Frame a) Largest b) Most Expensive c) Stores the Most Data Minicomputer a) 2nd Largest b) 2nd Most Expensive c) 2nd in Storing Data Microcomputer a) Smallest b) Least Expensive c) Stores Least Amount of Data
- 3. Electrical Signals: Digital – Uses On or Off electrical signals. Analog – Uses a smooth continuous change in the electrical signal.
- 4. 4 Parts of the Computer: Input – Enters data into the computer Output – Returns processed data Memory – Stores data Central Processing Unit (CPU) – The brain or the heart of the computer
- 5. Memory: Random Access Memory (RAM) 1) Memory that we use when we are using the computer 2) Can be changed 3) Temporary Read Only Memory (ROM) 1) Memory that the computer uses 2) Can Not be changed 3) Permanent
- 6. Central Processing Unit: Made up of the following two units: 1. Control Unit – directs the flow of the program or data. 2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – all math and comparing is done here.
- 7. 4 Parts of the Computer: MEMORY INPUT CPU OUTPUTCONTROL ALU
- 8. Inside the Computer: Computer Chip – thin wafer of silicon that is an 1/8th of an inch square. Integrated Circuit Chips (ICC) – integrated electrical circuits on the tiny computer chips.
- 9. Large Scale Integration (LSI) Process of making a computer chip: 1) A design is made. 2) The design is photographed and reduced to chip size. 3) Photograph is “baked” on the silicon. 4) The chip is magnetized. 5) The chip is tested and placed in protective casing.
- 10. Computer Definitions: Bit (binary digit) – tiny electrical signal. If the signal is On = 1 and if the signal is Off = 0. Byte – Pattern of 8 electrical signals or 8 bits. Everything on the keyboard has its own pattern. Nybble – ½ a byte. Memory Size: a) 1 Kilobyte (K) – 1024 bytes b) 1 Megabyte (meg) – 1024 Kilobytes c) 1 Gigabyte (gig)–1024 megabytes d) 1 Terabyte (TB)–1024 gigabytes 1 Gigabyte = approx 500,000 letter-size pages of text information
- 11. More Definitions: Computer Hardware – Any part of the computer (monitor, disk drive, speakers, printer…). Computer Software – Programs used on the computer (Microsoft Word, Power Point, Sim City, LOGO…..). Binary Code – Base 2 number system made up of 1’s and 0’s. ASCII Code – Each character on the computer has it’s own code number. (See the chart on the next slide). Don’t write this in your notes!
- 12. ASCII Chart:
Editor's Notes
- #13: Decode using the chart above