Computers presentation lab task by khalid riaz bsc civil
- 2. PRESENTED BY: Name:- KHALID RIAZ Subject:- Computer Application Semester:- 1st Teacher:- Sir Yousuf Qasim
- 3. INTRODUCTION The History of Computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.
- 4. FIRST COMPUTER The abacus, a simple counting aid, may have been invented in Babylonia (now Iraq) in the fourth century B.C. This device allows users to make computations using a system of sliding beads arranged on a rack. Considered the first computer ABACUS 4th Century B.C.
- 5. BLAISE PASCAL (1623 - 1662) In 1642, the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal invented a calculating device that would come to be called the "Adding Machine". One of the first and earliest mechanical devices used for calculating was the Pascaline. Pascal’s calculator Pascal’s Adding Machine
- 6. CHARLES BABBAGE (1791 - 1871) Born in 1791, Charles Babbage was an English mathematician and professor. In 1822, he persuaded the British government to finance his design to build a machine that would calculate tables for logarithms. Called the “Difference Engine.” Device was to calculate numbers to 20th place and print them at 4 digits per minute. With Charles Babbage's creation of the "Analytical Engine", (1833) computers took the form of a general purpose machine. Analytical Engine (Father of Computers)
- 8. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
- 9. FIRST GENERATION Vacuum Tubes The first computers used vacuum tubes(a sealed glass tube containing a near-vacuum which allows the free passage of electric current.) for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. First generation computers relied on machine language. They were often enormous and taking up entire room. COMPUTER (1945 – 1956)
- 10. FIRST GENERATION MAIN FEATURES OF FIRST GENERATION Vacuum Tube Technology Unreliable Very Costly Generate Lot of Heat Slow Input/Output Devices Huge Size Need Air Condition Room Non-Portable COMPUTER (1945 – 1956) First Generation Computers ENIAC EDVAC IBM UNIVAC
- 11. SECOND GENERATION TRANSISTORS The Scientists at Bell Laboratories developed Transistors in 1947. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory. High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN. COMPUTER (1959 – 1965)
- 12. SECOND GENERATION MAIN FEATURES OF SECOND GENERATION Smaller Size Still very Costly Use of Transistors Consumed less Electricity Faster then First Generation Generate Less amount of Heat Reliable in Comparison to first Generation COMPUTER (1959 – 1965) Second Generation Computers IBM 1620 IBM 1401 CDC 3600
- 13. THIRD GENERATION INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Jack Kilby developed the concept of integrated circuit in 1958. It was an imported invention in the Computer field. The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors. Allowed the device to run many different applications at one time. COMPUTER (1965 – 1971)
- 14. THIRD GENERATION MAIN FEATURES OF THIRD GENERATION IC Used Smaller Size Less Maintenance Consumed less Electricity Need Air Condition Room Supported High-Level Language Faster then Previous Two Generations Reliable in Comparison to Previous Generation COMPUTER (1965 – 1971) Third Generation Computers IBM 360 Series TDC-316 & IBM 370 PDP & Honeywell 6000 Series
- 15. FOURTH GENERATION MICROPROCESSOR The fourth generation of computers Started with the invention of Microprocessor. The Microprocessor contains thousands of ICs. Ted Hoff produced the first microprocessor in 1971 for Intel. From the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices. COMPUTER (1971 Present)
- 16. FOURTH GENERATION MAIN FEATURES OF FOURTH GENERATION Very cheap Very Small Size VLSI Technology Used Portable and Reliable Not Need of Air Condition Room Concept of Internet was Introduced Computers became easily Available Great developments in the field of networks COMPUTER (1971 Present) Fourth Generation Computers Apple Macintosh & IBM 360 TDC-316 & IBM 370/168 PDP & Honeywell 6000 Series
- 17. FIFTH GENERATION Artificial intelligence They will have Artificial Intelligence. They will be able to recognize image and graph. They will be able to use more than one CPU for faster processing speed. The fifth generation of computers will use Super large scale integrated Chips. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self- organization. COMPUTER (Present & Beyond)
- 18. MAIN FEATURES OF FIFTH GENERATION USLI Technology Advancement in parallel processing Development of true artificial intelligence Development of Natural Language processing Advancement in Super-Conductor technology More User Friendly interfaces with multimedia features. Availability of very powerful & Compact Computers at cheap rates. Fifth Generation Computers Desktop Laptop Chrome Book Note book Ultra book FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTER (Present & Beyond)
- 19. THANKS