conjuction saqib Ali 026.ppt
- 1. Conjunctions +ing Javeed Ahmed Saqib Ali 22014116-026 Intro to Grammar
- 2. What is a Conjunction? • A conjunction is like glue. It helps things to stick together. • A conjunction joins words, phrases, and sentences, which are called clauses.
- 3. There Are 3 Types of Conjunctions 1. Coordinating Conjunctions 2. Subordinating Conjunctions 3. Correlative Conjunctions
- 4. What is a Conjunction? • Conjunctions join two or more words. Example: I went to the store to buy eggs, milk, and bread.
- 5. What is a Conjunction? • Conjunctions can join two prepositional phrases. Ex. I play hockey and football.
- 6. What is a Conjunction? • Conjunctions can connect two clauses or sentences. • When two sentences are joined, a comma MUST be placed before the conjunction. Ex. I played cards for awhile, but then I played chess.
- 7. Types of Conjunctions • One type of conjunction is the coordinating conjunction. • They connect words, phrases, and clauses, which are sentences. • They connect things of equal value. (This means that they would connect a noun with another noun or a prepositional phrase with another prepositional phrase.)
- 8. Types of Conjunctions • There are seven coordinating conjunctions: Use FANBOYS to remember for and nor but or yet so
- 9. Types of Conjunctions • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your sentence. • “And” connects things that are alike or joined together. • Ex. I want popcorn and pizza.
- 10. Types of Conjunctions • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your sentence. • “But” is used to connect things that are different or separated. • Ex. I want popcorn but not pizza. • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your sentence. • “Or” is used to offer a choice. • Ex. Do I want popcorn or pizza?
- 11. Types of Conjunctions • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your sentence. • “Nor” is used to offer a negative choice. • Ex. I do not want popcorn nor pizza.
- 12. Types of Conjunctions • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your sentence. • “Yet” is used to show a change. When it is used to combine two sentences, you must put a comma before it. • Ex. I want popcorn, yet I also want pizza.
- 13. Types of Conjunctions • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your sentence. • “So” is used to show a relationship between things. When it is used to combine two sentences, you must put a comma before it. • Ex. I want popcorn, so I made some.
- 14. Types of Conjunctions • Coordinating conjunctions affect the meaning of your sentence. • “For” is also used to show a relationship between things. When it is used to combine two sentences, you must put a comma before it. • Ex. I ordered a pizza, for I was hungry.
- 15. Types of Conjunctions • Another Type of Conjunction is a Subordinating Conjunction. A subordinating conjunction- -Connects a dependent clause with an independent clause. IF, WHILE, BECAUSE, ALTHOUGH, AFTER, BEFORE, UNLESS, WHEN, UNTIL, SINCE, THEN, AS • We celebrated after we won the game. • Because our train was delayed, we arrived late. • Watson listened quietly while Holmes explained his theory
- 16. Types of Conjunctions • Another type of conjunction is called correlative conjunctions. • Correlative conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses, which are sentences. • Correlative conjunctions connect things of equal value. (This means that they will connect a verb with another verb or a sentence with another sentence.)
- 17. Types of Conjunctions • Correlative Conjunctions are not single words. They work in pairs. • There are five pairs of correlative conjunctions: both….and whether….or neither….nor not only….but also either….or
- 18. Examples of Correlative Conjunctions I saw both the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building. Not only do I play the flute, but I also play the clarinet. I don’t want neither pickles nor tomato on my hamburger. I don’t know whether to play baseball or to play basketball this year. Either the student or the teacher can answer the question.
- 19. Solved exercise 1 • Put in a suitable conjunction. • He had a heart attack after watching a video. • I usually have a snack after going to bed. • After spending all that money on CDs I'd better not buy anything else. • Use damp string before tying up parcels; when it dries it shrinks and gets tight. • How many jobs have you had after leaving school? • We went for a walk before leaving for the airport. • Put this on after shaving and you'll smell wonderful. • I haven't heard anything from her since getting that letter last month. • I often listen to music before working. • Always wear goggles before working with metal.
- 20. Exercise 2 • Don't go swimming immediately after eating. • Have a rest every hour or so after driving a long distance. • He has been terribly depressed since failing the exam. • Since coming back from America he began to feel ill. • I had a word with Janet before going on stage. • I often solve problems in my head while running. • She always gets nervous before talking to Eric. • Since coming back from America we haven't even had time to unpack. • A few days after returning from holiday he began to feel ill.
- 21. Exercise 3 • 1 Rewrite the sentences, using -ing or -ed clauses without conjunctions. • As he had left school at twelve because he had no qualifications. • It tastes delicious if it is fried in butter and sprinkled with lemon juice. • She walked over to her desk and picked up a paper. • The water came into the houses and flooded the downstairs rooms. • As I didn’t his taste, I took him a large box of expensive chocolates. • He put on his coat and went out. • A lorry broke down in Bond Street and caused a massive traffic jam. • As I didn't want to frighten her, I phoned before I went around. • If it is sent first class, it should arrive tomorrow. • At 3 a.m. Simon came in, and woke everybody in the house.
- 22. Exercise 4 • Then they quarreled, and Mickey his head was getting too hot for his tongue, went out to the dunes and stood in the wind thinking at the sea. Why was he tied to this weak and fretful man? For three years since the end of the war, he had looked after Charlie, getting him out of the hospital and into a nursing home. then to houses in the country, sacrificing a lot of his own desire to have a good time before he returned to Canada, in order to get his brother back to health. Mickey’s money would not last forever; soon he would have to go, and then what would happen? • But when he returned with a cooler head. the problem carelessly thrown off. he was kind to his brother. They sat in eased silence before the fire, the dog staring at their feet, and to Charlie there returned the calm of the world.
- 23. Exercise 5 • 1 Join the sentences with both ... and or neither ... nor. • He repairs both cars and motorbikes. • He neither speaks English nor French. • I neither like her nor dislike her. • I neither admire him nor distrust him. • Both Paul and sally or on holiday. • Both secretary nor the accountant did not have the file. • Both plays were funny and shocking. • He collects both paintings and jewelry. • You are neither right nor wrong. • She neither looks at me nor says anything
- 24. Exercise 6 • A 2 Put in the right conjunction, with that if the sentence is formal, and without that, if it is informal. • He may use the firm's car after so he pays for all petrol used. • I left the bedroom door open now I’d hear the phone. • Now she's sixteen she thinks she can do what she likes. • It was such a serious operation she was not expected to live. • Closed-circuit television was installed now everybody would be able to watch the performance. • You can go out now you're back in time to give me a hand with the cooking.