Conservation of environment for future
- 1. P. SURESHKUMAR, M. Sc., M. Phil., M.B.A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor in Environmental Sciences Faculty of Marine Sciences Annamalai University Parangipettai-608 502 Mob. 8903041579 sure2004@gmail.com ByBy Conservation of Environment for Future
- 2. ENVIRONMENT The living and nonliving things that surround a living thing make up its environment.
- 3. Ecology Scientific study of the interactions between organisms and the environment.
- 4. Ecosystem • A group of living things and their physical surroundings.
- 6. Parts of an Ecosystem • An ecosystem is made up of all the living and nonliving things in an environment.
- 7. Non Living Components Intensity of light Range of temperatures Amount of moisture Type of substratum (soil or rock type) Availability of inorganic substances such as minerals Supply of gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen pH ,etc.
- 8. • Abiotic factors acting as limiting factor.
- 9. Different types of organisms live in an ecosystem. Individual living things can be grouped into higher levels of organization. A group of organisms of the same kind living in the same place is a population.
- 10. All the population that live in an ecosystem at the same time form a community.
- 11. • Different communities form ecosystems. • A Biome is a collection of related ecosystems.
- 12. Living Components • Producer • Consumer – Herbivores, Carnivore, Omnivore and Decomposer
- 13. Producers • Energy enters most ecosystems as sunlight. • Some organisms, such as plants, algae, and some bacteria, capture the energy of sunlight and store it as food energy. (Through photosynthesis) • An organism that can make its own food is a producer. Energy is transferred to
- 14. Consumers
- 15. Consumers • Some members of an ecosystem cannot make their own food. • An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms is a consumer.
- 16. Consumers • Consumers are classified (grouped) by what they eat. »Herbivores »Carnivores »Omnivores »Scavengers
- 17. Consumers - Herbivores • Consumers that eat only plants are herbivores. –Examples: caterpillars and deer
- 18. Consumers - Carnivores • Consumers that eat only animals are carnivores. –Examples: Lions and spiders
- 19. Consumers - Omnivores • Consumers that eat both plants and animals are omnivores. –Crows, bears, and most humans are omnivores.
- 20. Consumers - Scavengers • Some carnivores are scavengers. • A scavenger is a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms. –Examples: catfish and vultures http://www.fisheriesmanagement.co.uk/catfish/catfish_introduction.htm
- 21. Decomposers • Decomposers break down wastes and dead organisms and return the raw materials to the ecosystem. • You can think of decomposers as nature’s recyclers. • Mushrooms and bacteria are common decomposers.
- 22. Food Chains and Food Webs • Energy enters most ecosystems as sunlight and is converted into food molecules by producers. • This energy is transferred to each organism that eats a producer, and then to other organisms that feed on these consumers. • The movement of energy through an ecosystem can be shown in diagrams called food chains and food webs.
- 23. What is a food chain? • A food chain is “a sequence of organisms, each of which uses the next, lower member of the sequence as a food source”
- 24. Food Webs • A food web consists of the many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.
- 25. Ecological Pyramids Write the Definitions of Each Pyramid Pyramid of Numbers Shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level. Biomass Pyramid Represents the amount of living organic matter at each trophic level. Typically, the greatest biomass is at the base of the pyramid. Energy Pyramid Shows the relative amount of energy available at each trophic level. Organisms use about 10 percent of this energy for life processes. The rest is lost as heat.
- 26. Energy Pyramids An energy pyramid shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web. Where is the most energy available? Why does less energy become available at each level?
- 27. Ecosystem Classification • 1. Natural ecosystem • 2. Artificial ecosystem
- 28. • Artificial /Man made ecosystem Artificial ecosystems are created by humans. Ex. Animal reserve or a giant terrarium e.g. zoo Gardens are also artificial ecosystem Crop lands like maize, sugarcane, rice-fields, wheat, orchards, Dams, aquarium, cities, and manned spaceship.
- 30. Natural Ecosystems • Terrestrial • Aquatic
- 32. Dessert Ecosystem and Grassland ecosystem
- 33. Rain forest
- 34. Types of Aquatic Ecosystems Lakes & Ponds Rivers & Streams Wetlands Estuaries Marine Groundwater
- 35. Freshwater aquatic system • A Pond • A Lake
- 36. A Stream A River
- 37. A Lake ecosystem
- 38. Ecosystem goods and services Direct Values: • These are resources that people depend upon directly and are easy to quantify in economic terms. • Consumptive Use Value - Non-market value of fruit, fodder, firewood, etc. • Productive Use Value – Commercial value of timber, fish, medicinal plants, etc. that people collect for sale.
- 39. Ecosystem goods and services
- 40. Indirect Values: • These are uses that do not have easy ways to quantify them in terms of a clearly definable price. • Non-consumptive use value - scientific research, bird watching, ecotourism, etc. • Option value - maintaining options for the future, so that by preserving them one could reap economic benefits in the future. • Existence value - ethical and emotional aspects of the existence of wildlife and nature.
- 42. Natural Resources According to Ramade (1984), a natural resource is defined as a form of energy and/or matter, which is essential for the functioning of organisms, populations and ecosystems.
- 45. Modern Development Satellite, Rocket Technologies and Maglev Trains
- 47. Concrete Jungles
- 50. Do you think this is the right development?
- 52. “Harmonious Nature” Myth • There is a persistent belief in many cultures that in the “old days,” people lived in harmony with nature. • In fact, use and abuse of nature has a long history in all human cultures.
- 53. Use and Misuse of Natural Resources • Natural resources are the substances that are supplied by nature and needed for survival – Include air, water, soil, sun, plants, animals, and fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) • Many natural resources are limited in supply and cannot be renewed continued
- 55. Water pollution
- 56. Air pollution
- 59. ISSUES G L O B A L Pollution Global Warming Toxic Waste
- 60. E N V I R O N M E N T A L SOIL EROSION INEFFICIENT CHEMICAL USE WATER CONTAMINATIONWILDLIFE ENDANGERMENT H A Z A R D S
- 61. “Pollution, pollution every where Man is safe no where We must find a solution some where”
- 62. • From the initial 202,586 applicants, only 100 hopefuls have been selected to proceed to the next round of the Mars One Astronaut Selection Process, The Netherlands-based non-profit organisation Mars One has announced. The project aims to set up a human colony on Mars and eventually around 40 people will be sent to the red planet on a permanent basis. The finalists will train for seven years and Mars One will begin sending out four at a time from 2024. The Mars 100 Round Three candidates include 50 men and 50 women with 39 from the Americas, 31 from Europe, 16 from Asia, 7 from Africa, and 7 from Oceania. The Indian candidates include 29-year-old Taranjeet Singh Bhatia, who is studying Doctorate in Computer Science at the University of Central Florida. The other two are Ritika Singh, 29, who lives in Dubai, and Shradha Prasad, 19, from Kerala. ….
- 63. • This shows the use and throw culture of the highly developed society
- 64. Current Slogan “Don’t drink water in under developed countries, Don’t breathe air in the developed countries”
- 65. NOW YOU SAY HONESTLY ARE WE DEVELOPING IN RIGHT DIRECTION?
- 66. Origin of the Environmentalism • Several different branches of science and social movement come together in today’s environmentalism: – Conservation – Preservation – Ecology – Biodiversity
- 67. Mantra for future • Sustainability – using a natural resource so that it is not depleted or permanently damaged • Sustainability reduces pollution and helps to keep the environment safe continued
- 68. Conservation vs. Preservation • The goal of conservation is sustainable use and management of an economically important natural resource so that people can continue using the resource. • The goal of preservation is to maintain areas of the earth that are so far untouched by human exploitation. • “Conservation” is sometimes used to refer to both principles.
- 69. Conservation
- 70. Protect and Conserve Natural Resources • Conserve – to save • Using alternative energy sources helps to conserve limited fossil fuels – Hybrid engines in cars and trucks use much less gas – Wind turbines can produce electric power continued
- 71. Conserving Natural Resources • Alternative energy – using energy from renewable resources such as wind/sun – Hybrid engines in cars and trucks use much less gas – Wind turbines can produce electric power – Going for non polluting energies( H2, Magnets, etc.)
- 72. The 3 R’s “Find your own ways to make less trash, and help others to learn how to Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle.”
- 73. Using Cooling Systems Wisely continued
- 74. • State what you can do to protect and conserve natural resources.
- 75. Energy Conservation Water conservation Soil conservation Mineral conservation
- 76. F e e d I n g T h e W o r l d P r e s e r v i n g O u r F u t u r e A G R I C U L T U R E Conserve Soil Protect Water Reduce Chemicals
- 78. • “We do not inherit the earth from our parents, we borrow it from our children” -Chief Seattle
- 79. •Think globally and act locally
Editor's Notes
- #15: Deposit Feeders: Mussels, barnacles, crabs, amphipods, freBottom feeding: white flounder, bluefish, weakfish, summer flounder, menhaden, black sea bass e swimming mysids, worms, crustaceans, and clams
- #60: Introduction Introduce yourself and briefly describe who you are and what you do. Environmentalism is an issue that has become a top priority in the U.S. and around the world in the 21st century. It seems that the planet is collectively becoming aware of the damage that has been caused to the Earth by irresponsible behavior. Issues like global warming, air pollution, greenhouse emissions, toxic waste, depletion of natural resources and the disappearing ozone layer have served as warning signs that we must change our ways to sustain our planet. As scientists warn us of the impending dangers to our planet we form task forces and watch dog organizations to monitor the state of our environment. The government has created new laws and industry regulations in the hopes of reversing global damages. Protecting the earth is indeed an issue of top importance.
- #61: However, if care is not taken when working with the land, the results can be detrimental to the Earth, the future of food production and generations to come. Scientists and conservationists warn that the world’s most productive farmland is being threatened by the following agricultural-related environmental hazards: Soil Erosion Water Contamination Inefficient use of chemicals Wildlife endangerment Fortunately, agriculturists have taken an active role in preventing further damage by developing innovative farming solutions that are being adopted rapidly by farmers and ranchers in the U.S. and around the world. Next we will take a look at the new technologies and farming methods that promote conservation and how they are benefiting farmers, consumers and the environment.
- #77: If you take a close look at the agricultural community you will see a group that is dedicated to protecting the environment. As the global population increases, food producers are developing new agricultural techniques which allow us to grow more food on less land. These techniques, which we will discuss in a few minutes, are also offering measurable environmental benefits that conserve soil, protect drinking water, reduce chemical use and protect wildlife, all while allowing farmers to increase their yields to feed a growing population.