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IT Projects CoursePrep
ExamGuide
Kathy Schwalbe, Ph.D., PMP
COURSE
TECHIMOLOGY
*
THOMSON LEARNING Australia • Canada • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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COURSE
TECH NOLOGY
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THOMSON LEARNING
ITProject+ CoursePrep ExamGuide by Kathy Schwalbe, Ph.D., PMP
is published by Course Technology
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ISBN 0-619-06349-1

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
PREFACE vl
DOMAIN I 1
1.1 Defining the project concept, business need, and feasibility, identifying and
obtaining approval from project sponsors, and confirming senior management
support 2
1.2 Creating a project charter 4
1.3 Getting formal approval and senior management commitment for projects as the
project charter is refined and expanded 6
1.4 Defining customer expectations 8
1.5 Identifying and defining stakeholders and developing an all-inclusive set of
project requirements 10
1.5 Cont. Identifying and defining targeted completion date; anticipated budget;
priorities of scope, time, and cost goals; and key assumptions 12
1.6 Assessing the impact of satisfying the client's highest-priority goals at the
expense of the other two, preparing worse-case scenarios, and assessing
confidence in meeting project goals 14
1.7 Investigating requirements of specific industry regulations 16
1.8 Identifying roles and responsibilities in scope definition 18
1.9 Assessing project viability, given constraints 20
1.10 Getting formal approval and senior management commitment for projects as the
scope statement is being developed 22
1.11 Completing or rewriting a project scope definition 24
1.12 Identifying the need for a requirements change control process in the project
scope definition 26
1.13 Identifying strategies for building consensus 28
1.14 Building management buy-in and approval into the structure of the project 30
DOMAIN II 33
2.1 Creating a plan that addresses stakeholder roles and a project tracking mechanism . 34
2.2 Defining and sequencing project tasks 36
2.2 Cont. Estimating durations and resource requirements for project tasks and
determining schedule formats 38
IT PROJECT+ COURSEPREP iii

2.3 Understanding important budgeting concepts, techniques, and issues 40
2.4 Identifying characteristics of a project quality management plan 42
2.5 Identifying selection criteria and interview questions for selecting team members.. 44
2.6 Resolving disagreements among team members 46
2.7 Evaluating requirements and project value 48
2.8 Program requirements reviews and when to have them 50
2.9 Decomposing requirements while maintaining traceability and configuration control .52
2.10 Performing risk assessment and mitigation 54
2.11 Developing and managing project budgets 56
2.12 Developing a workable project schedule 58
2.13 Planning for iteration in project plans 60
2.14 Creating a WBS 62
2.15 Obtaining consensus and formal approval of the WBS 64
2.16 Setting realistic and measurable milestones 66
2.17 Specifying entry and exit criteria for milestones 68
2.18 Recognizing issues to consider in creating a project cost estimate 70
2.19 Recognizing issues to consider in creating a project time estimate 72
2.20 Recognizing issues to consider in creating an effort estimation 74
2.21 Communication in stressful situations 76
2.22 Organizing a comprehensive project plan 78
2.23 Identifying the steps in organizing a comprehensive project plan and using it to
close out the planning phase 80
DOMAIN III 83
3.1 Identifying tasks for tracking projects 84
3.2 Handling budget increases 86
3.3 Addressing vendor delays 88
3.4 Resolving problems with vendors 90
3.5 Rebuilding active support from a wavering executive 92
3.6 Addressing issues related to extending a project schedule 94
3.7 Tracking project performance using earned value management 96
3.8 Performing change control 98
iv IT PROJECT+ COURSEPREP

3.9 Identifying and justifying conditions for initiating a change control process 100
3.10 Recognizing and preventing scope creep 102
3.11 Communicating proposed scope changes to management and getting
management approval 104
3.12 Identifying and explaining strategies for maintaining qualified deliverables on
large projects 106
3.13 Using quality testing with team members and third parties 108
3.14 Identifying and explaining strategies for assuring quality during the turnover
phase 110
3.15 Identify strategies for providing performance feedback to diverse project teams.... 112
3.16 Handling disgruntled employees 114
3.17 Handling individual performance problems 116
3.18 Leading a project team through an extended overtime period 118
3.19 Demonstrating the ability to lead a team that is unfocused or fragmented 120
3.20 Providing leadership in a variety of situations 122
3.21 Negotiating to improve project outcomes 124
DOMAIN IV 127
4.1 Conducting a comprehensive project review 128
ANSWER KEY 130
INDEX 142
IT PROJECT+ COURSEPREP v

P R E F A C E
IT Projects CoursePrep ExamGuide is the very best tool to use to prepare for exam day. It
provides thorough preparation for CompTIA's IT Project+ certification exam. CoursePrep
ExamGuide provides you ample opportunity to practice, drill and rehearse for the exam!
The IT Project+ CoursePrep ExamGuide provides the essential information you need to master
each exam objective. The ExamGuide workbook format devotes an entire two-page spread to
each certification objective for the IT Project+ exam, helping you to understand the objective,
and giving you the "bottom line" information—what you really need to know. Memorize these
facts and bulleted points before heading into the exam. In addition, there are seven practice-test
questions for each objective on the right-hand page: that's over 600 questions total! CoursePrep
ExamGuide provides the exam fundamentals and gets you up to speed quickly.
F E A T U R E S
The IT Project+ CoursePrep ExamGuide includes the following features:
List ofdomains and objectives taken directly from the CompTIA Web site The book is divided
into the four IT Project+ domains. The objectives under each domain are found within the
sections. For more information about the IT Project+ Exam, visit CompTIA's Web site at
wvw.comptia.org.
Detailed coverage of the certification objectives in a unique two-page spread Study
strategically by really focusing in on the certification objectives. To enable you to do this, a two-
page spread is devoted to each certification objective. The left-hand page provides the critical
facts you need, while the right-hand page features practice questions relating to that objective.
You'll find that the certification objective(s) and sub-objectives(s) are clearly listed in the upper
left-hand corner of each spread.
An overview of the objective is provided in the Understanding the Objective section. Next,
What You Really Need to Know lists bulleted, succinct facts, skills, and concepts about the
objective. Memorizing these facts will be important for your success when taking the exam.
Objectives on the Job places the objective in an industry perspective, and tells you how you can
expect to utilize the objective on the job. This section also provides troubleshooting information.
VI IT PROJECT+ COURSEPREP

Practice Test Questions Each right-hand page contains seven practice test questions designed to
help you prepare for the exam by testing your skills, identifying your strengths and weaknesses,
and demonstrating the subject matter you will face on the exam and how it will be tested. These
questions are written in a similar fashion to real IT Project+ Exam questions. The questions test
your knowledge of the objectives described on the left-hand page. You can find answers to the
practice test questions in the back of the book.
For more information: This book evolved from Information Technology Project Management,
Second Edition (ISBN 0-619-03528-5). Please refer to that book for more in-depth explanation
of concepts or procedures presented here.
H O W T O U S E T H I S B O O K
The IT Project+ CoursePrep ExamGuide is all you need to successfully prepare for the IT Project+
Certification exam. This book is intended to be utilized with a core text, such as Information
Technology Project Management, Second Edition (ISBN 0-619-03528-5), also published by Course
Technology. If you are new to this field, use this book as a roadmap for where you need to go to
prepare for certification—use Information Technology Project Management, Second Edition to give
you the knowledge and understanding that you need to reach your goal. Course Technology
publishes a full series of CompTIA products. For more information, visit our Web site at
www.course.com/certification or contact your sales representative.
IT PROJECT+ COURSEPREP vii

A QUICK GUIDE TO THE D O M A I N S
Domain I: Scope Definition (27%)
This domain covers the knowledge required to identify and define high-level business
requirements for a project, project stakeholders, desired project outcomes, and criteria for
determining project success. Domain I includes knowledge required to define a project
manager's role and authority, to create a scope document that accurately represents the high-
level work required to perform the project, a rough schedule and budget for the project, and
information related to building stakeholder consensus and obtaining written approval to proceed
with a project.
Domain II: Preliminary/Project Planning (39%)
This domain covers the knowledge and skills required to create a project plan, analyze
requirements, perform risk management, prepare project budgets, create a project schedule,
develop a work breakdown structure (WBS), estimate project costs, develop a communication
plan, organize a comprehensive project plan, and close out the planning phase of a project.
Domain III: Project Execution (29%)
This domain covers the knowledge required to track projects and related issues, manage change
control, and perform quality, team, and resource management.
Domain IV: Project Closure (5%)
This domain covers the knowledge required to successfully close projects.
VIM IT PROJECT+ COURSEPREP

Domain I
IT PROJECT+ COURSEPREP 1

O B J E C T I V E S
1.1 Given a vague or poorly-worded customer request, determine the
appropriate course of action in order to generate and refine a preliminary
project concept definition, informally determine the business need and
feasibility of the project, identify project sponsors, obtain formal approval
by the project sponsor, and confirm management support.
DEFINING THE PROJECT CONCEPT, BUSINESS NEED, AND FEASIBILITY,
IDENTIFYING AND OBTAINING APPROVAL FROM PROJECT SPONSORS, AND
CONFIRMING SENIOR MANAGEMENT SUPPORT
UNDERSTANDING THE OBJECTIVE
A major problem with information technology projects is poor scope definition. It is difficult for
customers to state their requirements clearly. Nevertheless, it is very important to identify and
define high-level business requirements by creating a preliminary project concept definition. The
preliminary project concept definition should include the business need and feasibility of the
project. It is also crucial to identify stakeholders' expectations for the project, to obtain formal
approval by the project sponsor, and to confirm senior management support for the project.
WHAT YOU REALLY NEED TO KNOW
Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities. It is very
important for a project manager to identify stakeholders on a project and understand
their unique needs and expectations.
A sponsor provides overall direction and resources for a project. The most important
resource on a project is typically people.
Senior managers are important stakeholders on projects. For projects to succeed, they
must have support from senior management. Showing how projects meet business
needs helps to build senior management support.
A project concept definition allows you to document the high-level business
requirements in the early stages of a project. It often takes several meetings with
stakeholders to define the project concept. It is important to focus on how the project fits
in with the overall business strategy.
The project manager is responsible for managing project activities. The project team
is assigned to work on the project.
The primary driver for making decisions on projects should be what can best meet
business needs. Many information technology professionals professionals focus too
heavily on technical aspects of projects.
OBJECTIVES ON THE JOB
Strong starts are very important for projects. Take the time to make sure everyone understands
and agrees upon the business requirements for a project. Get formal project approval from the
project sponsor and commitment from senior management.
2 IT PROJECT+ COURSEPREP

PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following are typical project stakeholders? Select three answers.
a. the project sponsor
b. the project customer
c. the CEO
d. the project manager
e. the corporate attorney
2. A document that describes the business needs for a project is the
a. project specification
b. stakeholder needs analysis
c. project contract
d. project concept definition
3. The person who normally provides overall direction and funding for a project is the:
a. project sponsor
b. project manager
c. senior manager
d. CEO
4. Match the following items their description.
Stakeholder a. Interfaces with customer's senior executives
Senior manager b. Assigned to work on project
Project manager c. Person involved in or affected by project activities
Project team d. Responsible for managing project activities
5. Two software developers on your project disagree on how to design an important
part of a system. There are several technologies and methodologies they could
use. What should be the primary driver in deciding how to proceed?
a. following corporate standards
b. following industry standards
c. meeting business needs
d. using the lowest-cost approach
6. You are in the early stages of defining a new project, and it is clear to you that
there is no senior management support for the project yet. What should you do?
Select two answers.
a. Proceed with the project as best you can.
b. Ask your boss for suggestions/advice.
c. Work with your project team to clarify the business need for the project and
determine which senior managers should be involved.
d. Cancel the project, since there is no senior management support.
7. What is the most important project resource a sponsor can provide?
a. equipment
b. people
c. facilities
d. signatures
IT PROJECT+ COURSEPREP

O B J E C T I V E S
1.2 Given a set of criteria which outlines an enterprise's minimal
requirements for a project charter, together with stakeholder input,
synthesize a project charter.
CREATING A PROJECT CHARTER
To achieve formal recognition of a project, all projects should have some type of charter. A
charter is a document that provides direction on the project's objectives and management
approach. Key project stakeholders should sign the charter to acknowledge agreement on the need
for and intent of the project.
A project charter is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and
provides direction on the project's objectives and management.
Key project stakeholders, such as the sponsor, project manager, and affected functional
managers, should sign the project charter to show their agreement on the need for and
intent of the project as well as their support for the project.
Key project stakeholders should provide input in developing the project charter.
The project charter should include:
- The project's title and date of authorization
- The project manager's name and contact information
- A brief scope statement for the project
- A summary of the planned approach for managing the project
- A roles-and-responsibilities matrix
- A sign-off section for signatures of key project stakeholders
- A comment section in which stakeholders can provide important comments related to
the project.
Project charters can take the form of a letter of agreement, a contract, or a short
document created using corporate or other guidelines (see ITPM2e, p. 96-97).
To gain formal recognition for a project and make sure you have key stakeholder buy-in, develop
a project charter for all projects. The project charter should be short, should clearly define the key
goals of the project, and should specify who is responsible for achieving them.
IT PROJECT+ COURSEPREP

1. A document that formally recognizes the existence of a project is a:
a. concept definition
b. WBS
c. charter
d. contract
2. Which of the following should be included in a project charter? Select three
answers.
a. the project title
b. date of authorization
c. termination clause
d. signatures of key stakeholders
e. change control procedures
3. Who should provide inputs into the project charter?
a. project sponsor
b. project manager
c. project team
d. all of the above
4. Which of the following can be considered to be project charters? Select two
answers.
a. corporate standards
b. letter of agreement
c. change authorization
d. contract
5. You are leading a large project to develop an ERP system for a large corporation.
You know it is important to get the inputs of key stakeholders in developing the
project charter, but you are having difficulty arranging times for key people to
meet. What should you do? Select two answers.
a. Create a draft charter and send it to stakeholders for their comments.
b. Issue a memo requiring attendance at a meeting, saying that those who don't
attend will not have access to the new system.
c. Ask senior management to assist you in stressing to key stakeholders the
importance of this project and of attending the meeting.
d. Hire an outside consultant to develop the project charter.
6. Some project charters include a section for comments. Why would you want to
include comments? Select three answers.
a. to highlight key interests/concerns of stakeholders
b. to make the charter more informal
c. to promote buy-in on the project
d. to verify the handwriting of key stakeholders
e. to solicit input from stakeholders

O B J E C T I V E S
1.3 Recognize and explain the need to obtain formal approval (sign-off) by
the project sponsor(s) and confirm other relevant management support to
consume organization resources as the project charter is refined and
expanded.
GETTING FORMAL APPROVAL AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT FOR
PROJECTS AS THE PROJECT CHARTER IS REFINED AND EXPANDED
Many information technology projects fail because of a lack executive support (see ITPM2e, p.
38-39). Many projects cross departmental boundaries, involve suppliers and outside consultants,
and result in major organizational changes. Due to these conditions, formal approval and
commitment from senior management is crucial for projects to succeed, especially as the project
charter is refined and expanded and as the project scope becomes clearer.
If a project has formal approval from a respected senior manager, other people involved
in the project will be more inclined to support the project.
Project managers need adequate resources, and senior managers can (or cannot)
provide them. Organizations have a limited number of resources, so it is important to
make sure your project is of value to the organization and wili get adequate resources.
Project managers often require timely approval for unique project needs. Senior
management can (or cannot) provide this approval.
Project managers must have cooperation from people in other parts of the organization
and often from external organizations. If certain functional managers or suppliers are not
responding to project managers' requests for necessary information or support, senior
management can step in to encourage their cooperation.
Senior managers can also support projects by mentoring or coaching project managers.
Many information technology project managers come from technical positions and are
inexperienced as managers. It is important for an experienced senior manager to help
develop leadership skills in project managers.
Projects often change as goals become better defined. For a project to succeed,
managers from all areas affected by the project need to be involved in further defining
the project. Because organizations often have many projects and goals to pursue, senior
management may need to step in to ensure resources are being allocated effectively.
Make sure all projects you work on have formal approval and support from senior management. If
they do not, ask senior management if the project should be canceled or redirected. Projects are
much more likely to succeed when they have commitment from executives.

1. How can you get formal approval for a project?
a. Get key stakeholders to sign a project charter.
b. Get key stakeholders to provide verbal approval for a project.
c. Require legal agreements or contracts for all projects.
2. Why is it important to have senior management commitment for a project? Select
three answers.
a. Senior managers can provide adequate resources.
b. Senior managers can encourage cooperation from functional managers or
suppliers.
c. Senior managers can issue orders to force cooperation on projects.
d. Senior managers can mentor project managers to become better leaders.
3. Why do project requirements need to be refined and expanded?
a. Project charters are too high-level to have much meaning, so people often
ignore them.
b. Senior managers don't get involved in projects until after the charter and project
concept have been defined, so requirements change and expand.
c. The nature of project work requires that the scope be refined and expanded to
define more detailed work as the project progresses.
d. The project team is normally not involved in developing the high-level
requirements for a project, so the requirements are refined and expanded once
the project team is assigned.
4. Why is it often difficult to get and maintain support for a project? Select two
answers.
a. There is a limited number of resources available in organizations.
b. There are usually several important projects occurring at once in organizations.
c. Many projects are started for political reasons.
d. Many people do not like to work on projects because of their temporary nature.
5. Two senior functional managers involved in your project constantly disagree on
practically everything. Their animosity toward each other is disrupting project
meetings and hurting morale and productivity on your project. Put the following
steps in order to show how you could best handle this problem.
a. Meet with each manager individually to discuss the problem.
b. Meet with both managers to discuss the problem together.
c. Meet with senior management to discuss how to handle this problem.
d. Discuss the problem with your team members to get their suggestions.
6. Many information technology projects fail because of a lack of which of the
following?
a. hard-working staff
b. suitable technology
c. executive support
d. good project managers

O B J E C T I V E S
1.4 Given a scope definition scenario, demonstrate awareness of the need
to get written confirmation of customer expectations regarding the project
background, deliverables and the strategy for creating them, targeted
completion date, budget dollars available, unacceptable risks, priority of
the project, sponsor of the project, predetermined tools or resources, and
assumptions that resources will be available as needed.
DEFINING CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS
To meet a customer's needs for projects, you must understand his/her expectations in several areas.
Discuss important project information with the customer and document your understandings.
It is important to discuss and document important project information, including:
+ The background of the project. Background includes a problem/opportunity statement,
discussion of how the project aligns with organizational goals and other initiatives, and
why the project is being initiated at this time.
4 The deliverables from the project. A deliverable is a product, such as a report or
segment of software code, produced as part of a project (see ITPM2e, p. 27). It is
important to identify and describe in detail all the deliverables of a project. Who will use
the product? What will the product look like and be able to do?
4- The strategy for creating the deliverables. Are there certain industry standards or
methodologies that must be used in creating the deliverables?
4 Targeted completion date and rationale behind that date. What is driving the project
schedule? Is the completion date realistic?
4 Budget dollars available and basis upon which the budget was determined. How much
money has the organization set aside or budgeted for the project? How was the budget
amount estimated?
4 Areas of risks that the project client is or is not willing to accept. All projects have some
risks. What risks are not acceptable on this project?
+ The priority of this project as it relates to all the other projects being done within the
organization. Some organizations keep a prioritized list of all projects. Resource
allocations are often related to project priority.
+ The sponsor of the project. It is crucial to know who will provide the overall direction for
the project and make high-level decisions.
4 Any predetermined tools or resources and their availability. Are there specific people,
hardware, and so on required for the project? Will they be available as needed?
Discuss and document customer requirements for projects in critical areas.

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Fernando had been put down by the others. “We will speak
of it again in Council.”
In spite of Duarte’s warning there was a good deal of hot
discussion between Enrique, Pedro, and Joao, which
certainly resulted in fixing Enrique’s own view of the matter.
Duarte declined to speak of it further in private, and
Fernando’s desire grew so strong that he feared to trust his
own temper in the dispute. He spoke, however, in the
council well and to the point, urging his view of what
number would be sufficient for the attack, and the reasons
why he thought that it should be made. Enrique supported
him with all the weight of his influence, and the war was
exceedingly popular among the younger nobility. Pedro
opposed it entirely; Joao declared it to be only possible with
a very large force and at great expense; and the king,
finding his council divided, at last appealed to the decision
of the Pope. If he authorised the war, and would give a Bull
of Crusade, well and good; if not, the project must be
abandoned.
But meanwhile Enrique and Fernando made their
preparations, to be ready to start at once when the consent,
of which they never doubted, arrived.

Chapter Twelve.
Self Chosen Ways.
“I saw the Holy Grail, and heard a cry—
O Galahad, and O Galahad, follow me.”
The number of voices raised in favour of the Moorish war
concealed the fact of how many regarded it with
disapproval. Sir Walter Northberry at once offered himself
as a volunteer, and Harry Hartsed, in common with all the
members in Dom Fernando’s suite, was hot in the cause,
saw no difficulties, and talked as if Tangier were already
won, a mode of proceeding provoking to the opposing
princes, and to those who thought with them.
No such light-mindedness could be urged against the prince
himself. There was, indeed, a light of hope and happiness in
his face rarely seen there before; but he spent long hours in
prayer, not so much for the success of his undertaking, as
that he might be worthy to engage in it, and constantly
urged on his followers the necessity of preparing for a holy
war by a holy life. He showed no resentment at his
brothers’ opposition, merely saying that he did not wonder
at their distrust of the views of so inexperienced a person
as himself, though he could never be grateful enough to
Enrique for his comprehension of them. Enrique had so
many other matters in hand, in preparation for his
departure, that he had not much time to bestow on the
collecting of the forces, and moreover had something of the
self-confidence of great conscious power, that anything in
which he was engaged could be made to succeed. So that
Fernando had it all his own way, and perhaps was hardly

the person to realise all the difficulties in his path, since he
credited others with his own strong and unwavering zeal.
The war was, on the whole, popular among the clergy, and
was approved by the Archbishop of Lisbon; and Father José
—who had been Fernando’s confessor and chaplain from
childhood, and had constantly listened to his longings for
such an opportunity—rejoiced that his dear son, as he
regarded Fernando, should at last gain the wish of his heart.
But he said much less about triumphing over the Moors,
than about the necessity of faith, purity, and holiness in
those who would attack them, about the sin of rivalry and
contention among men engaged in a holy war, pointing out
how self-indulgence and disputes had been the ruin of
crusades. No one, he said, who entered on a holy war, in
such an unholy spirit, would find the sword of the Moor
open to him a passage from earth to Heaven. No one, who,
during this period of preparation, fell into mortal sin,
neglected his religious duties, or indulged in uncharitable
feelings, would be a true crusader, though he bound the
cross on his shoulder, and sailed under the authority of a
Bull of Crusade.
These truths, however wholesome they might be, and
however entirely accepted and enforced by the prince
himself, were not always palatable, and Father José’s
preaching was often deserted for that of a chaplain
belonging to Dom Enrique’s household, named Martin. This
priest was instrumental in turning the minds of many
towards the war. He preached in glowing terms the glory
that was to be won both for earth and Heaven, the certainty
of success, the sure path to Paradise; painted vividly the
triumph over the conquered city, the splendid spoils that
would be the rightful property of the conquering soldiers of
the cross, the dreadful fate that would rightly befall the
“Pagan hounds,” whom they would destroy; and finally

promised absolution and the Church’s blessing to all those
who heartily engaged in the contest. This preaching worked
up the young nobility to a state of wild enthusiasm, and
among others Harry Hartsed, who, though greatly admiring
his prince, thought his sentiments rather fine-spun, and
that to take arms with a view of revenging the wrong of the
Northberry family, and of gaining some spiritual advantages
for himself, was quite enough.
All his interest in his little playmate’s lost sister was revived
by the intelligence that Sir Walter had declined all offers of
marriage for Nella in England, and that in the event of his
returning safely from the present campaign he meant her to
come to Lisbon and rejoin him. She was now more than
sixteen, and her reputation as a beauty had preceded her.
Harry thought that when spoils and honours should enable
him to think of a wife, he would like to see Nella’s brave
blue eyes, and hear her frank tongue, before he gave his
heart away to any dark-glancing, soft-spoken Portuguese.
All through the spring the preparations were pushed
forward; and at last, after much delay, came the long-
expected answer from the Pope.
He wrote that wars of offence with the Infidel were
allowable in resistance to any actual injury committed by
them on any particular kingdom, but during a period of
entire peace could only be justified by proving that the
existence of the infidel power was injurious to Christendom
at large, in which latter case the Pope granted a bull of
crusade. He could not now perceive that the King of
Portugal had received any injuries from the King of Barbary,
or that the latter had recently in any way made himself
obnoxious to the nations of Christendom. He could not

therefore grant the bull of crusade, and recommended King
Duarte to abstain from the attack.
This was King Duarte’s own opinion; but he could not read
the Pope’s despatch without thinking of the disappointment
it would inflict on his ardent brothers; and, alas! of the
great unpopularity of disbanding the already impatient
army. This difficulty also occurred to Pedro, who blamed
Duarte for having allowed the preparations to be begun.
“Look you,” said Duarte, “I shall leave it in their hands. If
they can conscientiously disregard the opinion of his
holiness, let them make the attempt. It is indeed true that
Fernando has never seen warfare. When this is over he will
be content, and if Tangier is taken, maybe the Pope will not
think the war unjustifiable.”
The Popes of the fifteenth century had not so lived or ruled
that their fiat should be accepted with unquestioning
respect. It was a hard matter, however, to display the letter
to the eager spirits who were staking their all on the
attempt.
Fernando turned pale as death, and uttered not a word.
Enrique read through the parchment, and then started up,
exclaiming—
“There are things that man must do at his own risk. Who
can authorise the inmost promptings of the soul that lead to
great ends? The holy father may fear to speak; we will give
Tangier to the Church, and win his blessing at the sword’s
point.”
So said Enrique, having indeed much experience of the
inward promptings of which he spoke; and Duarte was
much swayed by his words.

Fernando was still silent. There was the sharpness of a
personal wish, both to sway him and to cause a fear of
being swayed.
“Let it be as the king will,” he said, slowly; but Duarte had
not the heart to accept his submission.
“Matters have gone too far to recede,” he said. “Go, my
brothers; I confide in your judgment, and may the blessing
of God rest on your arms.”
Fernando bent down and kissed the king’s hand, while
Enrique exclaimed—
“Tangier shall be yours, when we meet again.” Dom Joao
shrugged his shoulders. “That depends,” he said, “on the
number and the condition of your troops.”
All was now hurry and excitement. And between the
contending views there was much confusion.
Dom Joao’s opinion on military matters had great weight;
and when it was known that he disapproved of the
expedition, many held back from it.
The young queen liking the excitement of the start, and the
probable glory to Portugal favoured the enterprise; and
strangely enough it fell out, that the war was advocated by
all the gayer and wilder spirits, while the more sober
doubted and held back.
Queen Leonora laughed at her husband for the strange
reluctance that he showed to part with Fernando.
“All the—others,” she said, “were constantly absent from
him on long and dangerous errands; surely he could let
Fernando go for a few months.”

“That is the very thing,” said Duarte sadly; “I have never
been parted from him, and this war fills me with anxiety
and dread.”
“Why, you grow slow of heart,” said Leonora, laughing. “You
did not think so when Ceuta was before you.”
Spite of this rallying, the parting was a cruel one. Although
there was a keener sympathy of character and opinion
between Enrique and Fernando, Duarte had been to the
latter a constant companion and support; and to act against
his judgment, and to cause him pain and anxiety, was the
first sacrifice in which his project involved him.

Chapter Thirteen.
Before Tangier.
“Who is there that wishes for more men from England!”
On the 22nd of August the fleet of the Infantes set sail from
Lisbon, fourteen thousand men having been decided on as
the number necessary for the expedition, and in due course
arrived at Ceuta, where Dom Enrique, who had hitherto
exercised but little personal superintendence, proceeded to
review them, and to examine into their efficiency, Fernando
assisting him. The sight of Ceuta recalled to them both that
first campaign—so brilliant, so prosperous, so well-planned
and executed. It was something to receive the blessing of
the Bishop of the city that their father had made Christian,
and to see it happy and prosperous under its new rule.
As the day went on, Fernando grew very weary of riding
about in the hot sun, and began sadly to discover how
unequal his strength was to the fatigues of a campaign.
Enrique, perceiving this, sent him back to his lodging,
whither he presently followed him in much perturbation.
“Fernando,” he said, “things are against us. My mind
misgave me when we landed as to our numbers; and now I
find that, instead of the fourteen thousand ordered to
embark, we have but eight! Many fell back on hearing the
Pope’s decision; many more from respect to Joao’s views.
There has been some strange want of common sense in the
officers who superintended the embarkation. They say their
orders were not precise, and the king’s commands
uncertain. Anyhow, we are here with but half our troops?”

“Well, dear Enrique, we who are here must fight the
harder!” said Fernando, smiling.
“The commanders wish to send back the fleet for more
troops,” said Enrique.
“No! How should we keep up the spirits of those waiting
here? What would the king think? And the enemy would get
wind of our intentions! We must push on at once, and trust
in the force of our onslaught?”
“That is my own view,” said Enrique, “but my mind misgives
me!”
“That is the most fatal thing of all. It is too late for
misgivings,” said Fernando, resolutely.
“And you—how can you bear the march over these hot
sands? You are over-wearied already.”
Fernando winced somewhat, but answered, “You might go
by land with the main body of the troops, while I with the
rest go to Tangier by sea. I could well do that.”
This plan, after a good deal of discussion, was finally
adopted; for Fernando was far from well, and could not
have attempted the land march. He was the most cheerful
and sanguine of the party; but there was so much
difference of opinion, and so much depression at the
insufficiency of the forces, that the joyful, resolute spirit of
crusaders, seemed far from the rest of the army, and time
and energy were wasted in disputes and lamentations. The
men had lost confidence in their leaders, every one was of a
different opinion as to waiting for fresh troops or pushing on
as they were, and instead of prayer, praise, or hopeful
anticipation, there was perpetual wrangling.

It was now found that Father José’s teaching had far more
effect in softening, these differences than Father Martin’s;
for the former led them to dwell on the blessing of a high
and earnest purpose, which would consecrate success, and
could not be destroyed by failure; while the latter fell in
with the popular feeling, by finding fault with the
lukewarmness and want of zeal shown by the other
Infantes, who had thus risked the success of the expedition.
As he belonged to Dom Enrique’s household, he
accompanied the land march; while Father José went by
sea, in company with all the members of Fernando’s suite.
Harry Hartsed was one of the malcontents. There was
something provoking to his common sense in the ill-
management of the start; and though he had no
expectation of failure, it afforded him great satisfaction to
grumble at the princes, and even at the king, by way
perhaps of showing that he was not a Portuguese subject.
Young Alvarez was more scrupulous and more serious-
minded, but he had misgivings as to disregarding the
wishes of the Pope; and these two lads represented
widespread phases of public opinion.
Fernando heard but little of this. Remembering how easily
Ceuta had been won, and feeling the utmost confidence in
Enrique’s skill, he did not much fear failure, and bore no
grudge against his other brothers for thinking differently
from himself. He recovered his strength during the sea-
voyage, and as they neared Tangier, and he stood on the
deck in full armour with the cross of his order on his breast,
the look of hope and joy on his face communicated itself to
his followers; and whatever else they differed about, they
were all ready to live or die for him.
Under his orders the landing of the troops and the meeting
with Dom Enrique’s contingent was safely accomplished,

and, in better spirits than they had yet enjoyed, the little
army prepared for the attack. They found that their old
enemy, Zala-ben-Zala, was in command at Tangier, and
soon became aware that the King of Fez was bringing large
numbers into the field against them. Before they left Lisbon
the king had strenuously advised them not to leave the
beach unguarded so that the enemy could cut off their
chance of retreat; and he felt the necessity of this so
strongly, that he sent an autograph letter to Enrique at
Ceuta, entreating him to observe this precaution. Enrique,
however, either disregarded it, or found that with his small
number it was impossible to spare any from the attack; for
there began such a struggle as tried the courage of
veterans, and showed the young recruits the face of war in
good earnest.
The Portuguese forces marched to the attack in two
divisions, commanded by the two princes. Each division
fought under the flag of Portugal, and also under that of the
order to which its leader belonged, the red cross of Avis, the
green cross of the Order of Christ; and on Enrique’s banner
was inscribed the motto he had so well earned the right to
carry, “Talent de bien faire;” on that of Fernando the
humbler legend, “Le bien me plait.”
They fought on through the hot September day, with fresh
battalions constantly coming up to the defence, till they
became conscious that they were contending against a
superiority of numbers such as they had never
contemplated. Troop after troop of turbaned soldiers came
pouring down upon them; nevertheless, they fought with
such ardour, that Enrique’s division pressed right up to the
walls of the town and raised their scaling-ladders against
them; Fernando’s side having meanwhile been so fiercely
attacked, that it was all that he could do to hold his ground.
Alas! the scaling-ladders which they had brought were too

short to reach the top of the ramparts, and after frightful
loss of life, and long hours of vain effort, Dom Enrique was
forced to sound a retreat, before the darkness overtook
them, at the enemy’s very gates. He reached the camp just
as Fernando came up to join him, and the two brothers
embraced eagerly, thankful at least to find each other safe.
“You are unhurt?” said Enrique. “Then all is not lost.”
“Oh, yes, I am unhurt,” said Fernando, “and ready for
another attempt to-morrow. The odds are great, but our
men showed no flinching. I fear me our losses are terrible.”
“So great,” said Enrique with reluctance, “and the odds are
so much against us, that there is but one thing left to do,
and that is to retreat. We must go back to Ceuta, and wait
there for fresh troops and longer ladders.”
Fernando recoiled almost as from a blow.
“What!—have we failed?” he said.
“Well, say we have not yet succeeded. There is no help for
it, Fernando; it must be done.”
Enrique was bitterly mortified, and disappointed, and spoke
less gently than usual; and perhaps Fernando had never
struggled so hard; with himself as before he answered—
“You can judge best, my brother; be it so.”
There was no time to be lost in making the arrangements.
The army was to re-embark while sheltered by the
darkness, and Fernando went to see how best to transport
the wounded; while Enrique held council with the officers,
who all agreed with him as to the necessity.

There were loud murmurs, however, among the younger
noblemen, and there was a good deal of delay after the first
decision before the final start was made. At last all was
ready, and Enrique prepared to give the order for the march
in the silent night, without banner, shout, or trumpet. How
different from that, morning’s approach! What was it
moving in front of them, through the purple darkness of the
southern night—long, dim, white lines, between them and
the sea?
Alas for the disregard of the king’s counsel! They were the
white cloaks of the Moorish troops, and the little Christian
army was surrounded on all sides.
“Betrayed! betrayed! Caught like mice in a trap!” cried
Enrique, losing his self-control. “Where is the false traitor to
whom this is owing?”
“Hush!” said Fernando, laying his hand on Enrique’s arm.
“Let none see your amazement. The hand of God is against
us. We were unworthy of the cause we undertook in self-
willed opposition.”
He spoke in a tone of calm, sad conviction, and then, seeing
Enrique’s distress, added gently—
“The blame lies on me. I know well that you acted for my
sake.”
Enrique shook his head; then, after a moment’s silence,
started into energy again.
“Now we must sell our lives hard. There is no choice
remaining. We march on the town with the first dawn of
light. And now to prayer. May God have mercy on us! we
are in evil case. Where is Father Martin?”

“My lord, my lord!” cried young Alvarez, rushing up, “here is
a sentinel who declares that in the dusk he beheld Father
Martin pass him by, and afterwards a figure steal to the
enemy’s lines.”
“Where is the holy father!” said Enrique, calmly disregarding
this assertion.
But Father Martin was nowhere to be found, and instead of
the proposed solemn services, the whole camp was
engaged in a passionate discussion as to whether he had
been the traitor or not. Young Hartsed hotly defended him,
and he and Alvarez disputed till words almost came to
blows.
With the first ray of light the rail to arms was sounded, and
several hours were spent in desperate efforts to break
through the enemy’s ranks. It was all in vain; and as the
shadows of evening fell the recall was sounded, and in
humiliation and sorrow of heart the defeated princes sent to
offer terms of capitulation, and to ask for what ransom they
and their troops would be allowed to depart.

Chapter Fourteen.
The Steadfast Prince.
“Still to abide ’mid failing hearts high-hearted.”
The two Infantes occupied a tent in the centre of the
Portuguese camp, and when their messengers returned
they came out to the front of it, and, surrounded by their
chief officers, prepared to receive the Moorish delegates
who had come to offer them terms of surrender. The
wounded had been cared for as well as circumstances
admitted, and an attempt had been made to draw up the
poor remnant of the troops in good order, so as not to
produce an impression of utter defeat. But nothing could
alter the dejected countenances and downcast air of the
beaten army; the very banners hung listless in the still air
of evening, and many a wistful look was cast at the blue
sea, so near yet so unapproachable, beyond which lay
Portugal and home.
Life had never held so bitter a moment for Enrique of
Portugal as when he stood there to receive and not to
dictate terms of surrender; and from an enemy whom he
regarded with a mixture of contempt and hatred. He was,
however, perfectly calm and impassive, not losing the
advantage that his splendid presence gave him, and
prepared to accede to the demand for a heavy ransom
before he and his army were allowed to depart.
Fernando stood beside him; disappointment and self-
reproach put aside for the present, he showed himself an
equally worthy representative of the honour of Portugal.

The Moorish envoys were exceedingly courteous, and began
their interview with many compliments on the valour of
their illustrious foes.
Enrique replied, very briefly, that the fortune of war being
against them, they must leave it to the King of Fez to name
their ransom.
And then, still wrapped in courteous phrases, came the
ultimatum. The town of Ceuta must be restored to its
former owners, and to insure this one of the Infantes, with
a certain number of nobles, must remain as a hostage in
the hands of the King of Fez.
“The King of Portugal,” said Enrique, “will be prepared for
the payment of any money ransom the King of Fez may
demand.”
“The town of Ceuta,” said the chief officer of the Moors, “is
the price of your liberty. Otherwise your troops must be put
to the sword, and you and your chief nobles retained as
prisoners at the king’s pleasure.”
“The King of Fez,” said Fernando, “has a right to impose
conditions. I offer myself as the hostage he demands.”
“Fernando—no!” cried Enrique, suddenly losing his self-
contained manner, and laying his hand on Fernando.
“The noble Infante,” said the Moorish envoy, “need have no
fears. He and his companions will be treated as the guests
of the king, and will be released immediately that Ceuta is
in the hands of my master.”
Fernando smiled. “I have no fears,” he said, quietly.

“And doubtless,” said the Moor, “the King of Portugal will see
that it is consistent with his honour to release his noble
brother without delay.”
“The King of Portugal,” said Fernando, “will act as becomes
an honourable and a Christian king.”
“I do not consent—I do not consent!” said Enrique, in such
agitation that Fernando said—
“We will crave leave to withdraw, and to discuss this matter
first with each other and then with our nobles.”
So saying, he moved back into the tent, followed by
Enrique, who threw himself into a seat, covering his face.
“I—it must be I,” he said. “I will not leave you. How can I
look Duarte in the face?”
“But I could not undertake the command of the troops
alone,” said Fernando; “and besides, we will not give them
more than they ask.”
Enrique still seemed unconvinced; Fernando sat down
beside him and spoke earnestly.
“Look you, Enrique. My self-willed longing to give my life to
the cause of Christendom him brought this on us. ‘Behold!
to obey is better than to sacrifice;’ but I heeded neither
Duarte’s wish nor the Pope’s will, nor our other brothers’
opinion. It is fitting therefore that I should bear the brunt of
failure.”
“To demand Ceuta,” cried Enrique; “Ceuta, our one
conquest from the realms of darkness! A law, alas! that we
—that I should have lost Ceuta to Christendom!”

“That,” said Fernando, very low and tenderly, “will not be for
your decision.”
Enrique started, and looked up in his face. Fernando took
him by both hands and smiled with wonderful sweetness,
while he said—
“When we took Ceuta, my Enrique, and all my joy was gone
at the fear of your death, you bade me remember that we
would both have given our lives for it in the battle. I bid you
think of that now.”
Enrique bent his head down on his brother’s hands and
groaned aloud.
“How can I face Duarte—what can I say to him?” he
repeated.
“Tell him,” said Fernando, “to remember that both he and I
are Christian princes, soldiers of the Cross of Christ. And
give him my—my love.” Here he faltered for a moment;
then, recovering himself, said, firmly—
“We delay too long. Let us consult with the officers. I
cannot, I suppose, remain here alone.” Enrique seemed
quite unable to recover himself, and Fernando was forced to
take the lead in the discussion that followed. There was no
lack of volunteers to share in his self-devotion, nor indeed
was there any particular reason to shrink from a temporary
detention in an enemy’s country. Several nobles of sufficient
station to satisfy the requirements of the Moors were
selected, and Father José resolved on accompanying his
beloved prince; and this fact a little comforted Enrique, and
enabled him once more to meet the Moorish envoys, and to
announce to them that he had resolved on accepting the
terms proposed, and that his brother, with twelve
companions, would remain behind as hostages for the

restitution of the town of Ceuta, he himself and the rest of
the army being allowed to depart unharmed.
Moussa-Ben-Hadad, the Moorish envoy, was courtesy itself.
El Señor Dom Fernando, Infante of Portugal and Grand-
Master of Avis, would be the guest of his king, who would
be honoured by his presence, and would do his best to
make his stay agreeable, short as it would be. He would be
allowed free communication by letter with Portugal. A
document was prepared and signed by Moussa-Ben-Hadad
and by the two Infantes, to the effect that Fernando was to
remain a prisoner until such time as Ceuta should be given
up.
Alvarez and Harry Hartsed both entreated to remain with
him; but he refused steadily, saying that their rank was not
sufficient for hostages, and that no unnecessary force
should be wasted. Sir Walter Northberry was among the
wounded.
All was prepared for the start during the night, and with the
first dawn of day this defeated Christians began their
retreat, in good order and with banners flying. They had no
need to eat their hearts out with mortification and wounded
pride, as they noticed the innumerable ranks of the foes
between whom their own small force took its way to the
beach. Self-reproach and shame was for the leaders, who
had so misjudged and mismanaged; and Enrique felt as if
the weight bowed him to the earth.
The time for parting came, and the two brothers were
alone. It might seem but a formal parting for a short time,
but upon them both lay the weight of a conviction which
each was too tender to the other to put into words. But the
sympathy between them was too deep and keen for any

doubt as to the other’s opinion. Fernando laid his hands on
Enrique’s shoulders and looked full into his face.
“You are my other self, and you know my heart by your
own,” he said. “Courage! for we shall not part for ever.”
Enrique dared not give way. He took Fernando’s hand, and
together they went out to the front of the tent—the last one
remaining of the little camp—where Enrique’s suite were
ready mounted on the one side, and the escort of Moors
awaited Fernando on the other.
The brothers embraced each other in silence; Fernando
mounted his horse and bowed to the knights and nobles
standing round. In the light of the summer morning, with
the new sun shining on the red cross on his breast and on
his steadfast, smiling eyes, Enrique beheld him; then,
mounting his horse, he rode away, and left this well-beloved
brother behind.

Chapter Fifteen.
A Burning Question.
“To do a great right, do a little wrong.”
The ill-fated expedition had not long set sail before the king
discovered its insufficient numbers, and in all haste he
ordered Dom Joao to equip himself and follow his brothers
to Ceuta. Joao, to do him justice, was perfectly ready to do
so, and in a very short time set sail with a fair number of
troops, hoping to join them before they could leave Ceuta,
and, had they waited for a reinforcement, all might have
been well.
He had not calculated on their over-haste. The vessel
bearing the fatal news crossed him on the way; and when
he arrived at Ceuta he was greeted with the story of the
defeat of the army, of the detention of Fernando, and of the
serious illness of Enrique, who, completely overcome by
mortification and anguish of heart, had fainted on reaching
his ship, and had been carried on shore at Ceuta, unable to
exert himself further. All was in confusion; but Dom Joao
wasted no time in reproaches or regrets; but after giving a
few necessary orders, and encouraging the troops to look
for better times, he went at once to his brother’s lodging.
Enrique was recovering a little from the violence of the
fever that had seized on him, and was dressed and lying on
a couch; but when he saw his brother he rose up, weak as
he was, and threw himself on his knees before him,
covering his face.
“Alas, my brother! how can I look on you?” he cried. “I have
been the worst enemy of my country and of the Church and

of my most dear brothers!”
“It has all gone very ill,” said Joao. “We must seek for a
remedy. Rise up, my brother; you shame me. This from you
to me!”
“Ah, could I but find a harder penance!” sighed Enrique; but
he allowed Joao to help him back to his couch, and began to
tell him how it had all chanced, and to ask what had
brought him there in such good time.
“Duarte has troubled much about Fernando,” said Joao;
“how was it with him when you left him?”
But the attempt to speak of Fernando threw Enrique into
such an agony of weeping that Joao was obliged to cease
questioning him, beginning to perceive how terrible must
have been the experience that had thus prostrated one of
such resolute will and power of endurance.
“Courage!” he said; “a better day must dawn. Fernando will
soon be restored to us; and though we yield Ceuta
nominally, it shall go hard but we will soon win it back
again. For that object a war will cause no difference of
opinion.”
Enrique made no answer. He lay silent for some moments,
then turned and looked up at his brother. “We were eating
our horses before we yielded, and there was no water, and
no hope. That must soon have killed him and all the poor
fellows whom we have led to ruin.”
“You would have been fools to hold out,” said Joao, bluntly.
“But what is to be done now? Here am I, with six thousand
at my back—”

“Here? Fresh troops?” cried Enrique, starting into animation.
“Then what is to hinder one more effort? Let us go back to
Tangier, and win it, or die!”
“But the treaty?” said Joao.
“The treaty! That does but hold Fernando fast. We gave no
pledge not to continue the war on another footing. And they
harassed our rear enough as we retreated to show how far
they care to keep their word. I am another man, now you
give me hope.”
Joao was not altogether averse to the proposal, and
Enrique, with reviving spirits, recovered his natural
ascendency; and arrangements were made for Joao to
return home with the sick and wounded, while Enrique, with
the fresh troops, marched again on Tangier. No second
brother, he said, should be thus risked. His first care,
however, was to put Ceuta into a complete state of defence;
and while he was thus engaged came first the news that the
fleet which he had sent home immediately after the retreat
from Tangier had met with a violent storm and been
wrecked on the coast of Andalusia, where the Castilians had
showed great kindness to the distressed sailors. Next
arrived a peremptory despatch from the king, ordering both
his brothers to return at once, and to make no further effort
to continue the war for the present. Enrique was bitterly
disappointed, though he felt that he could not wonder at the
king’s doubt of his judgment.
“I cannot look him in the face,” he said; “I cannot see his
grief. Go you to Lisbon, and I will hide myself in Sagres, and
pray for pardon.”
The king convoked the States-General of Portugal, and a
great council was held to decide on the next step. The Pope

was again written to for his opinion, and the discussion
began with all the ardour and heat attending a question
where good men see, strongly, different sides of the right.
For Duarte himself it was a time of agonising doubt. His
peculiar tenderness for Fernando made the thought of his
loneliness and suffering, of his possible hardships and of the
loss of his daily presence, haunt him by night and day.
Every feeling of his heart urged him to give up the city and
win this beloved brother back. But then, he looked on
himself but as the steward who must give an account of his
kingdom. Ceuta, Portugal itself, were not his to yield. What
right had he to give back one acre of Christian land to the
realm of darkness—to let the consecrated soil be profaned
once more by the accursed faith of Mahomet? What life,
what love, was too precious to be sacrificed to save the
souls of the Christians of Ceuta? This was one side of the
question; and perhaps it is hardly possible in these days to
realise how powerful this obligation seemed to such a prince
as Duarte. On the other hand, it was urged that it was a
foul shame to grudge any fortress, however valuable, for
the life of a prince of Portugal, who had voluntarily offered
himself, trusting in the honour of his country, and also that,
after all, they had given their word to cede Ceuta, and were
bound to redeem it, even to an infidel power. These were
the nobler views on either side. Of course the party who
contended for the retention of Ceuta contained many who
cared nothing for the religious question, but who declared
openly that the great sea-port was worth far more to the
state than the precarious life of a prince who had never
been able to make himself prominent or useful, while many
of those who wished to yield it cared little for Fernando, and
less for the pledge, but were only anxious to avoid the
expense of a war.
But between the right on either side Duarte’s scrupulous
conscience wavered with agonising uncertainty; though with

his deep love for his brother, and his instinctive preference
for the simpler, more immediate duty, he inclined somewhat
to the view of yielding the city. Pedro and Joao spoke in the
council with no uncertain sound. A treaty should be kept,
they said, and their dear brother’s life saved at all costs. No
sacrifice could be too great to make. Then let them go to
war with every resource at their command, and win Ceuta
back, and Tangier, too. Their words had great weight; but
the Archbishop of Braga, a powerful ecclesiastic, spoke on
the other side, all the other bishops agreeing with him,
declaring that one man’s life must not be considered in
comparison with a whole city.
The Pope’s letter came in support of this view. The war had
been undertaken in defiance of his wishes, and had led to
an unhappy result. Certainly, Christian land must not be
given up to an infidel power; but he offered the much-
desired full of Crusade, and recommended Duarte to go to
war to deliver his brother. All this time Enrique had
remained at Sagres and made no sign, only trusting that
the matter might be settled without his intervention. But
now, Duarte wrote, summoning him to Lisbon, assuring him
of his forgiveness and affection, and desiring to hear his
view of the question.
The time had gone by for the wild anguish with which
Enrique had met Joao; but when he came into Duarte’s
presence, and kissed his hand, ten years might have passed
over the heads of them both since they parted. Duarte’s
gentle cheerfulness had faded, and all the fire had gone out
of Enrique’s great grey eyes, and his manner was subdued
and spiritless.
Duarte made him sit beside him, and for a long time they
were silent, holding each other by the hand. Then Enrique
said—

“My brother, you can forgive?”
“We suffer together,” said Duarte. “Enrique, you know what
our brothers say in this matter, and the contrary opinion of
the Pope. How does your conscience speak?”
Enrique’s strong frame shook, as he answered—
“Were I the hostage, I could not so buy my freedom. Would
that I were!”
Then Duarte took a letter from his bosom and put it into
Enrique’s hand. It contained a few lines from Fernando,
speaking of his good health and kindly treatment, and
begging for Duarte’s forgiveness for the rashness that had
risked so much. He sent messages of love to all his
brothers, especially to Enrique, “who granted me my heart’s
wish at the cost of his own judgment.” There was no single
word as to his own return, or as to the cession of Ceuta,
and Duarte said—
“This most precious letter was doubtless read by his jailor
before he was permitted to send it, so that he could not
freely speak his mind, to us.”
Enrique kissed the letter, he seemed unable to speak, and
Duarte said—
“I sent for you, since you and he were ever as one, so that
your mind on this matter will be his.”
“So he said.”
“Yes, you wrote me his words,” said Duarte.
There was long silence, and at last the King spoke again.

“Grieve not so terribly, my brother, speak as your
conscience urges. Alike we love him.”
“Alas, yes! Duarte, his one wish was to see those cities
Christian. For that he longed to die. I know, he meant that
you should hold fast by Ceuta. And we were bound to that
service. Had he died by a Moslem sword, we must have
given thanks for a blessed end. My life—his life must not be
weighed in the balance with Christian souls. Remember our
knighthood. We shame him, if for his sake we tear down the
Cross our father raised, and see the Crescent glittering
again on the cathedral of Ceuta. We dare not put our
brethren before our God.”
Enrique’s faltering voice strengthened, and the colour came
back into his face as he spoke. The terrible anguish of this
avowal had been faced and met; the bitter cross which he
had helped to fashion taken on his shoulders. It had cost
many a long hour of prayer and fasting before he had
brought himself to the point of declaring the view that his
inmost conscience had all along suggested, and even now
he implored Duarte to spare him from the necessity of
speaking of it in the council. He could not change his mind;
but if the States-General, if Duarte thought otherwise—
“This was for me only,” said Duarte. “No one shall question
you. Alas! your silence might have told me your conviction.
I seem to hear him speak through your lips.”
Pedro was less considerate than Duarte. He was indeed too
generous to utter a word of reproach to Enrique for his
former disregard of his opinion, and when, coming in to
seek Duarte, he saw his changed looks, he greeted him with
the utmost kindness; but the substance of the conversation
could not be concealed from him, and he said, sarcastically
—

“Well, your conscience may be at ease. There are many in
the council beside you and the Archbishop of Braga, who
think our poor Fernando’s life worth less than a valuable
fortress. He is sickly, they say, and of no use to the state,
let him pine in exile, we will keep Ceuta safe while we have
it.”
“Hush, my brother,” said Duarte with his gentle authority.
“Well you know that taunt is out of place.”
“I meant no taunt,” said Pedro; “but it was one thing for
Fernando to dream of crusading lying here on his couch, or
even to lead an army to the attack, and quite another for
him to suffer all the contumely which Moorish cruelty and
spite can suggest, if we do not hold to our side of the
bargain.”
“You speak as if we would leave him in their hands without
an effort,” said Duarte. “But, come, the Queen waits for
supper for us. My Enrique, you will be a welcome guest.”
Enrique would fain have been spared the supper, though of
course no one but his brothers had a right to question him
on his views; but he knew that it was best that he and the
King should be seen together, and came to the table,
though he looked so white and sad that the Queen rallied
him on his unsocial air.
Leonor disliked depression and dull times, and did not see
why the cession of Ceuta should be made a burning
question. Dom Pedro, on the other hand, disliked the
Queen’s frivolity, so he turned to Enrique and engaged him
in a discussion of the latest calculations, by which his study
of the stars was being reduced to a science useful to
mariners; and that congenial topic brought a little
brightness to Enrique’s mournful face, for he and Pedro

differed on some nice point, and in discussing it forgot for a
brief moment the dreadful difference that really lay between
them. But the responsibility that rested on his shoulders
never passed from the King’s mind. Others thought, argued,
believed, but in the long run he must act.

Chapter Sixteen.
Old Friends.
“But the blue fearless eyes in her fair face,
And her frank voice, showed her of English race.”
In the midst of all this turmoil and excitement Eleanor
Northberry came back to Portugal. Suitable escorts were so
rare that, one having offered itself, she was sent back
without previous notice, and arrived just as her father had
recovered from the wound received before Tangier, and
while the question of the cession of Ceuta was still before
the States-General.
She had grown into a most beautiful maiden, tall and
straight, light of foot, and slender of limb, with a clear voice
that spoke her mind without fear or favour; blue eyes, clear
and bright as the morning; and a skin fair and rosy, such as
had not been seen in Lisbon since the young days of
Philippa of Lancaster. The arrival of the English beauty was
like a ray of sunlight in the gloom of that time of suspense
and sorrow; and to Harry Hartsed it dispersed the clouds
altogether; for she greeted him heartily as fellow-
countryman and friend. He lived, too, with Sir Walter
Northberry since the break-up of Dom Fernando’s
household, so that they had many opportunities of
intercourse, and Harry was envied, especially by Alvarez,
who fell a victim to this new and lovely creature the first
time that he beheld her.
Young hearts will be gay, and young lips will laugh, happily
for the world, even in sad times; and Harry and Nella, a few

days after her return were enjoying a lively chat over their
old recollections of pleasant Northberry.
“This central court, with its fountain, and those tall orange-
trees, and the couch on which my father sits, is almost the
only thing I can remember well. We stood there under the
trees, I and Catalina, and the prince sat here, by my father,
and gave us the little crosses, on the day we sailed.”
“Alas!” said Harry; “when shall we see our beloved prince
again?”
Nella did not know much of the matter in dispute, and
decidedly inclined to the view of rescuing the good prince at
all cost. She looked solemn for a moment, and then said,—
“Ah! there is no witch here to tell us what he is doing.”
“Do you believe in the witch still, Mistress Nell?” said Harry,
slyly.
“No, sir; not since I went down to help my aunt give out the
dole one day, and saw her eyes look out under old Goody
Martin’s hood. Doubtless she knew us all well, having been
at the manor every week. Oh, you need not laugh; when I
change my mind, I say so.”
“I wish there was another witch near Lisbon, whom you
longed secretly to consult about your sister,” said Harry in
an insinuating tone.
“Sir, when I wandered in the woods by moonlight, I was a
silly little girl; now I am a woman, and wiser. Alack! I think
I miss the dogs and the fresh breeze, and I know I miss my
dear aunt and uncle. This old home is very new. I halt and
stammer when my father speaks Portuguese. I am
altogether an English girl.”

“There is no speech like English,” said Harry; “I love it best.”
“Oh, you have grown to look quite like a foreigner,” said
Nella, saucily. “I am but a country maid, and your court is
too solemn for me.” There was an indescribably joyous
sweetness in Nella’s voice and manner that took from her
gay retorts anything of boldness.
“See, Harry,” she continued. “To-morrow I am to be
presented to the queen; I practise my reverence every day.”
She came up to him as she spoke, making a low, sweeping
curtsey.
“Rise, fair Señorita,” said Harry; “our poor court is honoured
by such a guest.”
“Now—now, I know you are no longer an Englishman!” cried
Nella. “That speech was never learned in Devon!”
“Like a Portuguese, madam, I can talk; but I mean what I
say like a true son of Devon.”
“I cannot believe in such perfection. You were never one to
belie yourself with over-diffidence.”
“I leave that to my betters,” said Harry, with a bow.
“Oh, saucy boy!” cried Nella, laughing, then paused
suddenly, as the gates were thrown back without, and her
father entered, cap in hand, escorting an exceedingly tall
and stately personage, with a sad but kindly face. Behind
him came Alvarez; and the whole scene brought back
strongly to Nella’s mind the visit of Dom Fernando, years
ago.

“My lord,” said Sir Walter, “allow me to present to you my
remaining daughter Eleanor.”
Blushing, and with unwonted bashfulness, Nella curtsied
timidly, in very different style from her mock reverence five
minutes before.
“Welcome home, señorita,” said Dom Enrique, with a grave
smile. “You come at a sad time;” and then, as if he could
hardly turn his thoughts from the matter in hand, he
continued, addressing her father,—
“You know, Sir Walter, that the States-General have at
length resolved to offer a heavy ransom for my dear
brother, and if this is refused, the Pope offers a Bull of
Crusade, and we strain every nerve to free him by force of
arms.”
“I am aware, my lord, that Ceuta is not to be ceded,” said
Sir Walter rather drily.
“It has been so determined,” said Enrique, with a sigh; for
well he knew that the decision had been made on no such
lofty motives as actuated himself. Most men had thought
Ceuta too precious to be parted with, not because it was a
Christian town, but because it was a strong fortress; and
Enrique had the unspeakable pain of finding himself on the
same side with men who cared nothing for his brother; and
whose principles he despised.
“The king resolves,” he said, “on the strictest economy, to
make this possible. He has changed his mode of living, and
cut off his few pleasures, for our brother’s sake. He hopes
that his nobility will follow his example.”
“The late king, my lord, was so generous to his nobles that
they owe their utmost to his blessed memory.”

“Even so,” said Enrique. “But now, Sir Walter, I came here
to-day to speak with you of—of the foul treason that cut off
our retreat, and made my brother’s sacrifice necessary.
That most accursed traitor and renegade, Brother Martin,
has indeed disappeared; but it has been whispered that
others—his friends and followers—knew of his intention, and
that he had in some measure spread the poison of his
apostasy among his followers and admirers. Think you this
is so?”
Harry Hartsed, who had been standing apart with Alvarez,
gave an indignant start, and coming forward, said,
impetuously,—
“My lord, Brother Martin’s preaching was ever in favour of
the war. He never uttered a word of treason in my hearing,
and I saw much of him. I do not believe that he was the
traitor.”
“Softly, softly,” said Sir Walter. “Master Harry, you speak too
freely to the duke.”
“Pardon,” said Harry, doggedly; “but I will speak for my
friends when falsely accused.”
“The treason of Brother Martin,” said Enrique, “has been
proved by eye-witnesses. No Christian gentleman should
call him his friend.”
“If I may speak,” said Alvarez, “Señor Hartsed was much
with Brother Martin, and in his councils.”
“What! You dare to say that he spoke treason to me!” cried
Harry.
“Young gentlemen,” said the prince in his tone of grave
dignity, “you forget yourselves. Sir,”—to Harry—“you have

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