Critical reasoning week 7.ppt”
- 1. Critical Reasoning Skills LC 0918 / 0518 AY 2011/12 Week 7
- 2. Today’ Focus: !!"#$%& & !!'()*+,&-+&#(,./0+1-*20 & !!3045.(60&(070(0+6)+,& !!8)+9!/-::)+,&
- 3. CA 2: PART A (ESSAY – 20%) !"#$%&'$(#&)*++&#,-$&.+,/$&*0&1$$-&23& ;<)4&)4&-+&4!54645789&':;'& !! You will individually research the issue you and your group has decided on !! Your essay should be 300 – 500 words long !! your research and your stand and your conclusion should be your own. !! You are allowed to bring in notes and your research materials CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 4. CA 10: Part B (Discussion Café – 50%) !"#$%&'$(#&)*++&#,-$&.+,/$&*0&1$$-&2<&=&2>& ;<)4&)4&-&?@"A.&B@$($0#,C"0& !! Your group will present its research and conclusions in class. !! You will now need to forward a group viewpoint on the issue you have chosen. Support your argument with evidence and be prepared to take questions from the class and tutor. !! This is not an oral presentation. !! Your group‘s aim is to convince the audience of your collective viewpoint. Think about how you can do this as effectively as possible. CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 5. How to Begin? !"#$%&'(%)&$*'+,&-*#.(!"'*/& !! !"#$#%&"#'"($)*#%$+$#"+,$%-$.$/,+01$23$ !! 4(+)*5#%(,$%*$+*$)556"$#'+#$+77"+85$#%$9%6($&(%67$ !! :'%%5"$5%,"#')*&$9%6$+("$)*#"("5#";$)*<$%($5%,"$9%6$+("$ -+,)8)+($+*;$'+="$>*%?8";&"$%-1$ !! :%,"$67$?)#'$+$-"?$)556"5$9%6@("$("+889$>""*$%*1$ !! A'(+5"$#'"$)556"$)*$+$?+9$#'+#$,+>"5$)#$+(&6,"*#+#)="$+*;$ )*#"("5#)*&$ !! :%*568#$?)#'$8"B#6("(C5"">$+77(%=+8$%-$)556"$ CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 6. QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELVES !! D'+#$B+*$'+77"*$+5$+$("568#$%-$#')5E$ !! D'+#$!""#$+*;$$%#$"F"B#5$?)88$#'"("$G"E$ !! D'+#$"F"B#$?)88$)#$'+="$%*$&'#&(&#)%*+E$ !! D'+#$"F"B#$?)88$)#$'+="$%*$#'"$,%-&*.E$ !! D'+#$"F"B#$?)88$)#$'+="$%*$+"/&01.E$ !! D'+#$"F"B#$?)88$)#$'+="$%*$%6($(%*)0+E$ !! D'+#$"F"B#$?)88$)#$'+="$%*$12030/"'"-.435"*&1&/+43 0'(&6"'-0'1437&'!%5"604312038"6*#<$"#B1E$ CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 8. When sourcing… !! H",",G"(<$%*8)*"$)*-%(,+#)%*$)5$IJK$+8?+95$ +BB6(+#"$%($#(6"$ !! L8?+95$B'"B>$#'+#$9%6($5%6(B"$)5$("8)+G8"$M$ $"&1$"5#+G8)5'";$?()#"(5<$+B+;",)B5<$("5"+(B'"(5<$ 7%8)#)B)+*5$%*$#'"$)556"<$)*$#'"$-%(,$%-$#'")($G%%>5$%($ ?"G5)#"5$ !! N%$*%#$78+&)+()5"<$+8?+95$O6%#"$9%6($5%6(B"5$+*;$ ("="+8$#'"$5%6(B"$%-$)*-%$ !! D)>)7";)+$)5$IJK$#'"$G)G8"P$
- 9. CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 10. Introduction is a statement of purpose, (The Thesis) intent, or main idea; it is also known as the stand of the author. Body Main Argument (series of (reasons for Thesis) reasons) Conclusion Summarise (Reiterate Thesis) CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument CRS Unit1: Reading Critically
- 11. A view point expressed (what) Supported by reason / reasons. (why) CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 12. What is “argument”? Reason why you agree or disagree with the issue !! For the introduction, - list only the 3 strongest reasons why you agree or disagree with the issue !! They should be brief. CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 13. What is “preview of arguments”? !! Introduction of selected arguments !! i.e. preview of arguments !! Note each argument has to be: !! a short phrase !! to-the-point
- 14. What makes up the argument? !! Each argument requires: !! One reason for your stand !! One or more supporting details e.g. !! example !! explanation !! research finding/ expert opinion/ statistics !! anecdote !! comparison and/ or contrast !! Remember you need three arguments for the essay body CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 15. What is a Stand?
- 16. A Stand… Must have the following: •! can be defended. •! is not based on subjectivity of personal feelings. •! is a statement (usually in a sentence) and not a question. •! must be coherent. CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 17. So what is “stand”? Statement that you agree or disagree with the issue !! There’s no middle ground in an argumentative essay so your stand has to be a “yes” or “no” i.e. !!I agree that domestic helpers should be given a day off or !!I disagree that domestic helpers should be given a day off CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 18. Which is a valid stand? 1.! Are youths inculcated with good values? 2. Youths need to be inculcated with good values . CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 19. Which is a valid stand? 1.! Marijuana should be considered illegal. 2. Selling Marijuana in public places should be considered illegal CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 20. Which is a valid stand? 1.! I cannot take the MRT as only a bus would take to directly to my home. 2.! I love taking cabs. CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 21. !! You can persuade others to agree with how you feel by writing an argumentative essay !! Let’s explore how such an essay can written for the issue: Globalization is a bane and not a boon. !! The following slides will illustrate the process of writing the essay Expressing your Opinion CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 22. An effective Argumentative Essay has !! a series of arguments, plus !! counter-arguments and !! Rebuttals CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 23. What is a Counter-Argument? !! An argument given by someone who disagrees with your stand. !! A counter-argument is an opposing argument that goes against your: !! stand !! arguments CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 24. Why Counter-argue? CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 25. How to Counter-argue? !! Imagine a disbelieving reader who is able to !! identify a problem with your argument or !! provide an alternative argument that makes more sense to him or her. CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 26. How to Counter-argue? !! The counter-argument should be !! Clear so that the reader understands easily !! Brief so that you can rebut the counter-argument more effectively and !! Supported by some evidence CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 27. The Rebuttal CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 28. What is a Rebuttal? "! #&40()04&57&(0-45+4&:5)+*+,&5.1&=<>&1<0&-(,./0+14& 57&>5.(&5::5+0+1&!"#$%&'()*(+$,'%&-.-(0&?044& 65+2)+6)+,@&/)41-A0+&5(&=0-A& "! 45&1<-1&>5.&6-+&B:(520C&1<-1&>5.(&2)0=&)4&1<0&D0E0(& 5+0& "! ;<)4&4<5.?9&75??5=&D0<)+9&-&"5.+10(!#(,./0+1F& "! G1&4<5.?9&D0&D-6A09&=)1<&4.::5(*+,&901-)?4& CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 29. Argumentative Essay Format What it Looks Like CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 30. Argumentative Essay: Basic Format !! Introduction !! Hook !! Background !! Stand !! Preview of 3 Arguments !! Body !! Argument 1 !! Argument 2 !! Argument 3 !! Counterargument & Rebuttal !! Conclusion !! Restate stand !! Restate 3 arguments CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 31. Argumentative Essay Format The Conclusion CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 32. How to Conclude? !! Restates your stand !! Summarises your arguments !! Presents possible consequence(s) of contradicting your stand These should be stated in different words from the introduction. CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 33. CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 34. Title--why do you need one? !! Introduces the topic of discussion !! Generates reader interest CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 35. Creating a Title !! Attention Grabbing !! Offering a provocative image !! Using words or examples offered in the body or conclusion !! asking a question !! Don’t be too general CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 36. Considering Titles Which would be the best title for an article on “Solutions to the problem of road rage”? Road Rage Can’t Drive 55 Road Rage: Curing Our Highway Epidemic CRS Unit 4: Writing an Argument
- 37. Activity Time! !! In your groups. !! Go to Eliser !! Select an issue for your CA 10. !! Choose your topic from the following: #! Youth #! Globalization #! Media #! Science & Technology CRS Unit 1: Issues and Conclusion
- 38. Formulating an Issue Eliser Database News, current 1. Opposing Affairs and Social Viewpoints Issues Resource Centers Or 2. Resource Centers 3. Global Issues in Context
- 39. WHEN YOU COME BACK (WEEK 12) 1.! You should have already done some kind of research on your own 2.! Everyone should bring their computers to class 3.! Have their 3 points of argument, 1 or 2 counter arguments + rebuttal 4.! If you need help, email lena.ng.31@gmail.com