Cybersecurity tips for employees

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CYBERSECURITY
TIPS FOR EMPLOYEES
THE COMPLETE GUIDE TO SECURE BEHAVIOR ONLINE AND IN THE OFFICE

CYBERSECURITY TIPS FOR
EMPLOYEES
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INTRODUCTION
When developing cybersecurity programs, many businesses focus on protecting their infrastructure perimeter and device endpoints.
After all, that’s where cybercriminals usually ﬁrst gain access and wreak havoc on a company’s digital access.
But it’s also important to consider what happens when a threat bypasses perimeter defenses and targets an employee—in the form of
a malicious email or text, or even a voicemail that might prompt an employee to respond with conﬁdential company information. There’s
also the possibility of an offline attack from inside the office, where an employee or an office visitor might gain access to valuable data
by quickly taking something carelessly left on a desk.
In 2015, an updated survey increased that number to 86%.1
These
numbers indicate that it’s clear there’s a pressing need for better
cybersecurity. The issue is not going away anytime soon. If
anything, it’s only getting worse.
According to a PricewaterhouseCoopers survey, in 2014,
69% of business executives expressed concern about cyber
threats, including a lack of data security.
The Need to Educate Employees
on Cybersecurity
86%
69%

Stronger cybersecurity has become a global priority over the last few years as hackers
penetrate the IT infrastructure of government and enterprises with increasing frequency
and sophistication. According to a study conducted by the Identify Theft Resources
Center, the total number of data breaches reported in the US grew from approximately
400 in 2011 to approximately 750 in 2015. This represents an increase of more than 60%
and does not include breaches that went unreported—a figure that is likely much higher.1
Coupled with the Internet of Things (IoT) and the explosive growth of mobile devices, the
threat landscape and potential for data leaks is even more significant.
In this eBook, we explore the need for employees to practice strict and secure
cybersecurity habits— not only to thwart digital attacks, but also to prevent someone
from simply walking by their desk (in the office or at home) and picking up a device or
document that contains sensitive information. We also present the key steps SMB
business owners can take to educate their employees to help secure their company’s
data and intellectual property.
We can’t stress enough the importance of security awareness training for internal
employees. Educating them on what it takes to protect proprietary documents and data
is critical. Any leaks— unintentional and intentional—could hurt the business in the form
of information that assists a competitor, violates regulations, or harms the corporate
image. Leaks can also hurt employees from the standpoint of personal information
that might be exposed. Lastly, customers and business partners could be at risk,
compromising the industry reputation of any business that does not properly protect
confidential information. It only takes one incident to completely destroy any goodwill
you established and built with your customer base.
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EMPLOYEES
Business Insider,
“This one chart explains why cybersecurity is so important,” 4/5/2016: www.businessinsider.com/cybersecurity-report-threats-and-opportunities-2016-31

CHAPTER 01
PHYSICAL SECURITY
PRECAUTIONS
Keep a Clean Desk
It makes complete sense and sounds so simple, but keeping a clean desk is often
overlooked when talking about data security. It’s also the perfect place to start the
discussion with employees.
Employees that keep a cluttered desk tend to leave USB drives and smartphones out in
the open. They also often forget to physically secure their desktops and laptops so
someone can’t simply walk off with them.
A messy desk also makes it more difficult to realize something is missing such as a folder
with hard copy print-outs of customer lists. In addition to increasing the likelihood of
something being removed, a cluttered desk means that the discovery of any theft will likely
be delayed—perhaps by days or even weeks if the employee is out of the office. Such
delays make it more difficult to determine who the perpetrator is and where the stolen
material might now be located.
Encouraging employees to maintain a neat desk pays off in two ways. In addition to making
digital and paper assets more secure, employees with clean desks are more apt to be
productive because they can quickly—and safely—access the tools and resources they
need to do their jobs.
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EMPLOYEES
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The Common Messy Desk
Mistakes to Avoid
The following list presents 11 “messy desk” mistakes employees are prone to
commit and which could cause irreparable harm to the business, the employee,
fellow employees, customers and business partners. These are all bad habits for
which to educate employees to stop:
Leaving computer screens on without password protection: Anyone passing
by has easy access to all the information on the device; be sure to lock down
screen settings.
Placing documents on the desk that could contain sensitive information: It’s
best to keep them locked up in drawers and file cabinets.
Forgetting to shred documents before they go into the trash or recycling bin:
Any document may contain sensitive information; it’s best to shred everything
rather than taking a risk.
Failing to close file cabinets: This makes it easy for someone to steal sensitive
information and more difficult to realize a theft has occurred.
Setting mobile phones and USB drives out in the open: They likely contain
sensitive business or personal information and are easy to pick up quickly
without being caught in the act.
Neglecting to erase notes on whiteboards: They often display confidential
information on products, new ideas and proprietary business processes.
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EMPLOYEES
Dropping backpacks out in the open: There’s often at least one
device or folder with sensitive information inside.
Writing user names and passwords on slips of paper or post-its: This
is especially important given that user names and passwords are
typically used to log in to more than one site.
Leaving behind a key to a locked drawer: This makes it easy to
come back later—perhaps after hours when no one is around—and
access confidential files.
Displaying calendars in the open or on the screen for all to see:
Calendars often contain sensitive dates and/or information about
customers, prospects and/or new products.
Leaving wallets and credit cards out on the desk: This is more likely
to impact the employee, but wallets may also possess corporate
credit cards and security badges.
EMPLOYEES
TIP
In today’s fast-paced world where employees are always on the go, it takes too much time to
determine whether documents, USB drives, devices and other items contain sensitive information. The
safe bet is to make sure everything is filed away and kept locked up or else properly destroyed.

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CHAPTER 02
Social Engineering Inboxes and VoiceMail
Social engineering is non-technical, malicious activity that exploits human interactions to obtain information about internal processes,
conﬁguration and technical security policies in order to gain access to secure devices and networks. Such attacks are typically carried
out when cybercriminals pose as credible, trusted authorities to convince their targets to grant access to sensitive data and
high-security locations or networks.
An example of social engineering is a phone call or email where an employee receives a message that their computer is sending bad
traffic to the Internet. To ﬁx this issue, end users are asked to call or email a tech support hotline and prompted to give information that
could very likely give the cybercriminal access to the company’s network.
Phishing Email Compromises
One of the most common forms of social engineering is email phishing—an attempt to
acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords and credit card data by
masquerading as a trustworthy entity. Phishing is likely the #1 primary email threat
employees need to focus on.
Such emails often spoof the company CEO, a customer or a business partner and do so in a
sophisticated, subtle way so that the victim thinks they are responding to a legitimate
request. The FBI says CEO (or C-level) fraud has increased 270 percent in the past two years
with over 12,000 reported incidents totaling over $2 billion dollars in corporate losses.2
Among the reasons these scams succeed are the appearance of authority—staffers are used
to carrying out CEO instructions quickly. That’s why phishing can be so easy to fall victim to.
EMAIL THREATS

EMPLOYEES
EMPLOYEES
Four Common Phishing Techniques
The scope of phishing attacks is constantly expanding, but frequent attackers
tend to utilize one of these four tactics:
Embedding links into emails that redirect users to an unsecured website
requesting sensitive information.
Installing Trojans via a malicious email attachment or posing ads on a website
that allow intruders to exploit loopholes and obtain sensitive information.
Spooﬁng the sender address in an email to appear as a reputable source and
requesting sensitive information.
Attempting to obtain company information over the phone by impersonating a
known company vendor or IT department.
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RSA Conference,
“How a Security CEO Fell Prey to Scammers (Almost),” 3/3/2016: http://www.rsaconference.com/blogs/security-ceo-scammers#sthash.egMiB2xW.dpuf2

Email Security Best Practices -
Five Ways to Block Phishing Attacks
Employees should always be suspicious of potential
phishing attacks, especially if they don’t know the
sender. Here are five best practices to follow to help
make sure employees don’t become helpless
victims:
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EMPLOYEES
Don't reveal personal or financial information
in an email—Make sure employees also know
not to respond to email solicitations for this
information. This includes clicking on links
sent in such emails.
Check the security of websites—This is a key
precaution to take before sending sensitive
information over the Internet. <http> indicates
the site has not applied any security measures
while <https> means it has. Also consider
if employees are practicing safe browsing
habits. Sites that do not serve a legitimate
business purpose are also more likely to
contain harmful links.
01.
02.
Pay attention to website URLs—Not all emails or email links seem like
phishing attacks, so employees may be lured into a false sense of
security. Teach them that many malicious websites fool end users by
mimicking legitimate websites. One way to sniff this out is to look at
the URL (if it's not hidden behind non-descript text) to see if it looks
legit. Employees may also be able to detect and evade the scheme by
finding variations in spellings or a different domain (e.g.,.com versus
.net).
Verify suspicious email requests—Contact the company they're
believed to be from directly. If an employee receives an email that
looks odd from a well-known company, such as a bank, instruct them
to reach out to the bank using means other than responding to the
suspicious email address. It’s best to contact the company using
information provided on an account statement—NOT the information
provided in the email.
Keep a clean machine—Utilizing the latest operating system, software
and Web browser as well as antivirus and malware protection are the
best defenses against viruses, malware and other online threats. It
may be difficult for employees to do this, so the business may want
to invest in a managed IT services provider who can also be a trusted
advisor for all IT needs.
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CHAPTER 03
Low Security Account Credentials
USERNAME AND PASSWORD
MANAGEMENT
Although it should be common sense, employees need to avoid the use
of passwords that are easy for hackers to guess. Among the top ten worst
passwords according to www.splashdata.com are those that use a series
of numbers in numerical order, such as <123456>. The names of popular
sports such as <football> and <baseball> are also on the list as are quirky
passwords such as <qwerty> and even the word <password> itself.
Emphasis should also be placed on the importance of avoiding common
usernames. In analysis conducted by the information security ﬁrm Rapid7,
hackers most often prey upon these 10 usernames in particular3
:
• Administrator • Administrator • user1 • Admin
• Alex • Pos • Demo • db2admin • Sql
• Username
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EMPLOYEES
How Attackers Exploit Weak Passwords
to Obtain Access
While most websites don’t store actual username passwords, they do store a password hash for each username. A password hash is a
form of encryption, but cybercriminals can sometimes use the password hash to reverse engineer the password. When passwords are
weak, it's easier to break the password hash.
Here is a list of common word mutations hackers use to identify passwords if they feel they already have a general idea of what the
password might be4
:
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Replacing letters like <o> and <l> with numbers like <0>
and <1>
Punctuating the ends of words, such as adding an
exclamation mark <!>
Duplicating the first letter or all the letters in a word
Combining two words together
Adding punctuation or spaces between the words
Inserting <@> in place of <a>
Capitalizing the first letter of a word
Checking all combinations of upper/lowercase for words
Inserting a number randomly in the word
Placing numbers at the beginning and the end of words
Putting the same pattern at both ends, such as <foobar>
Lifehacker,
“The Top 10 Usernames and Passwords Hackers Try to Get into Remote Computers,” 3/3/2016: http://lifehacker.com/the-top-10-usernames-and-passwords-
hackers-try-to- get-i-17626382433
InformationWeek DarkReading,
“How Hackers Will Crack Your Password,” 1/21/2009: http://www.darkreading.com/risk/how-hackers-will-crack-your-password/d/d-id/11302174
TIP
Educating end users on these tactics underscores the importance of
creating long passwords (at least 12 characters) and applying multiple
deviations, rather than something simple like just capitalizing the first letter.

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Nine Tips to Strengthen Password Security
Change passwords at least every three months for
non-administrative users and 45-60 days for admin
accounts.
Use different passwords for each login credential.
Avoid generic accounts and shared passwords.
Conduct audits periodically to identify weak/duplicate
passwords and change as necessary.
Pick challenging passwords that include a combination
of letters (upper and lower case), numbers and special
characters (e.g. <$>, <%> and <&>).
Avoid personal information such as birth dates, pet
names and sports.
Use passwords or passphrases of 12+ characters.
Use a Password Manager such as LastPass where users
need just one master password.
Don’t use a browser’s auto-fill function for passwords.
An advanced and under-used password security tip to consider is two-factor
authentication, which is a way for websites to double confirm an end user’s
identity. After the end user successfully logs in, they receive a text message
with a passcode to then input in order to authenticate their ID.
This approach makes sure that end users not only know their passwords but
also have access to their own phone. Two-factor authentication works well
because cybercriminals rarely steal an end user’s password and phone at
the same time. Leading banks and financial institutions enable two-factor
authentication by default, but if not, the service can often be turned on by
asking the website to do so. More and more non-financial websites are now
offering two-factor authentication as well.
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EMPLOYEES

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MOBILE SECURITY
Mobile Threats Jeopardizing Company Data
Mobile security is increasingly becoming a big concern as more
and more companies adopt Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
environments, which allow end users to connect to corporate
networks through their own (often multiple) devices. Even in
cases where a business does not offer BYOD, end users often
ﬁnd a way to log onto business networks on their own.
With personal devices accessing corporate networks,
businesses must now protect endpoint devices that are not
completely under their control, which opens up the business to
greater risk. Trying to gain control over personal devices also
presents the challenge of making sure the company does not
infringe on personal apps and information employees store on
their own devices.
CHAPTER 04

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EMPLOYEES
Mobile Device Security Challenges
Employees that utilize unsecured public Wi-Fi are another area of concern.
Hackers in the vicinity of or on the same network can overtake a device without
the end user even being aware, capturing sensitive data in transit. The end user
can then become the victim of a man-in-the-middle attack, also referred to as
hijacking. The hacker leverages the device so that it turns into an invasive device
against other unsuspecting end users.
Lost, misplaced or stolen devices—remote wiping them quickly is key to
protecting sensitive business and personal information.
Mobile malware—hackers are now turning their attention to mobile devices
and executing successful breaches through text messages. Android markets
can be set up by anyone looking to sell malicious software to unsuspecting
customers. Note: While mobile malware affects Androids more than IOS, a few
exploits exist for Apple products as well.
Unsecure third-party apps—if breached, they can serve as a gateway to other
apps on a device and the device operating system, where security controls
can be manipulated.
Files with sensitive information accidentally emailed to an unauthorized party
or posted online— once something is sent, it’s out there forever.

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EMPLOYEES
How Employees Can Secure
Their Mobile Devices
Set a PIN or passcode: This is the ﬁrst line of defense—if someone wants to access the device, they ﬁrst need to
break the code. This is not an easy task and can operate as a deterrent against theft. Some device manufacturers also
provide the option to automatically wipe the device after a few unsuccessful attempts at the passcode or PIN. So even
if a phone is stolen, information cannot be accessed.
Use remote locate tools: Several software solutions help locate lost or stolen devices through GPS and geofencing
capabilities. Apple offers a service like this for mobile devices aptly named Find my iPhone. For Android users, the
Android Device Manager offers these services, and Windows mobile users have this same option from the Windows
Phone website. Similarly, many third-party applications are available in each of the app stores.
Keep devices clean: Phones are mini-computers, and just like “big” computers, they need to be cleaned up from
time-to-time. Utilizing an antivirus and malware scanner is always a good idea. Malware can compromise information
stored on mobile devices and has a snowball effect that continuously piles up until it slows downs or stops the device.
Mobile Device Management (MDM) solutions help businesses and their employees apply these best practices by
providing the ability to remotely wipe any devices that are lost or stolen. Such solutions also isolate personal apps
from corporate apps in separate digital containers so that personal information remains private, and when an
employee leaves the company, only their corporate apps and data are deleted while their personal apps and data are
left intact.
By deploying an MDM platform, businesses can also enforce the use of passcodes to access devices, and they can
apply geofencing capabilities that allow a lost device to be more easily located. End users can also be restricted to
using only the corporate apps for which they have proper authorization. MDM also protects devices from jailbreaking
and rooting—where hackers try to gain access to the operating system to open security holes or undermine the
device’s built-in security measures.

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SECURE WEBSITE
BROWSING
The Top Browser Threats
When end users venture out onto the Internet, it’s easy to get
tangled up in the vast web of threats lurking on many website
pages. Some of them are readily apparent, but others are well
hidden.
Malvertising—a form of malicious code that distributes malware
through online advertising—can be hidden within an ad,
embedded on a website page, or bundled with software
downloads. This type of threat can be displayed on any website,
even those considered the most trustworthy. According to
security firm RiskIQ, malvertising increased by 260% in the first
half of 2015 compared to the same timeframe in 2014.5
End users also need to beware of social media scams. Hackers
have created a playground of virtual obstacles across all the
major social media sites. According to an article in The
Huffington Post, some of the most common Facebook hacks
and attacks include click-jacking, phishing schemes, fake pages,
rogue applications and the infamous and persistent Koobface
worm, which gives attackers control of the victim's machine
while replicating the attack to everyone on their Facebook
contact list.
Twitter isn’t immune to security issues either. Since the
microblogging site is both a social network and a search engine,
it poses extra problems. According to CNET News, just 43
percent of Twitter users could be classified as “true” users
compared to the other 57 percent, which fell into a bucket of
“questionable” users. Among the things to watch for on Twitter
are direct messages that lead to phishing scams and shortened
URLs that hide malicious intentions.
As for Web-based exploits, Internet websites are now the most
commonly-used angles of attack, most often targeting software
vulnerabilities or using exploits on the receiving client. This
makes keeping up-to-date browsers paramount for all
employees.
CHAPTER 05

EMPLOYEES
Website Browsing Best Practices
for Employees
Be conservative with online downloads.
Beware antivirus scams.
Interact only with well-known, reputable websites.
Conﬁrm each site is the genuine site and not a fraudulent site.
Determine if the site utilizes SSL (Secure Sockets Layer),
a security technology for establishing encrypted links between
Web servers and browsers.
Don’t click links in emails—go to sites directly.
Use social media best practices.
ComputerWeekly, “BlackHat 2015: RiskIQ Reports Huge Spike in Malvertising,” 8/24/2015: http://www.computerweekly.com/news/4500251077/BlackHat-2015-
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EMPLOYEES
As your business begins the journey to enhance its cybersecurity posture,
it all starts with educating your employees. The tips provided within this
eBook along with some basic common sense can go a long way in making
sure sensitive information does not fall into the wrong hands.
Proactively identify and thwart potential attacks as well as react
expediently if a successful attack occurs. This is where a managed IT
services provider can assist. They eliminate the need for your business to
keep up on the latest antivirus, antimalware and alert technologies. You
also don’t need to expend the necessary resource time to deploy and
manage such solutions, which often fall beyond the bandwidth and
expertise of internal teams.
Succeeding in applying the necessary cybersecurity measures is
paramount to your long-term business success. In today’s world of
advanced hackers, who revel in breaching corporate networks, conﬁdential
information will always be at risk. Businesses must take the necessary
steps to protect their intellectual property, their conﬁdential information
and their reputations while also safeguarding their employees, customers
and business partners.
Education and Technology:
A Winning Cybersecurity Combination

Cybersecurity Tips for Employees eBook - Sources
Business Insider, “This one chart explains why cybersecurity is so important,” 4/5/2016:
www.businessinsider.com/cybersecurity-report-threats-and-opportunities-2016-3
RSA Conference, “How a Security CEO Fell Prey to Scammers (Almost),” 3/3/2016:
http://www.rsaconference.com/blogs/security-ceo-scammers#sthash.egMiB2xW.dpuf
lifehacker, “The Top 10 Usernames and Passwords Hackers Try to Get into Remote Computers,” 3/3/2016:
http://lifehacker.com/the-top-10-usernames-and-passwords-hackers-try-to-get-i-1762638243
Webroot, “Top 11 Security resolutions for the New Year,” 12/29/2015:
http://www.webroot.com/blog/2015/12/29/top-11-security-resolutions-for-the-new-year/
InformationWeek DarkReading, “How Hackers Will Crack Your Password,” 1/21/2009:
http://www.darkreading.com/risk/how-hackers-will-crack-your-password/d/d-id/1130217
Sophos Labs, “When Malware Goes Mobile: Causes, Outcomes and Cures,” 2015:
https://www.sophos.com/en-us/medialibrary/Gated%20Assets/white%20papers/Sophos_Malware_Goes_Mobile.pdf
Symantec Blog, “7 Security Tips To Protect Your Mobile Workforce,” 6/30/2014:
http://www.symantec.com/connect/blogs/7-security-tips-protect-your-mobile-workforce
Entrepreneur, “11 Tips to Secure Mobile Devices and Client Data,” 6/11/2015:
http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/246814
Webroot, “How Businesses Stay Safe and Secure Using Social Media,” Date unknown:
http://www.webroot.com/us/en/business/resources/articles/social-media/how-businesses-stay-safe-and-secure-using-social-media
ComputerWeekly, “BlackHat 2015: RiskIQ Reports Huge Spike in Malvertising,” 8/24/2015:
http://www.computerweekly.com/news/4500251077/BlackHat-2015-RiskIQ-reports-huge-spike-in- malvertising
Heimdal Security, “How You Can Get Infected via World Wide Web Exploits,” 3/3/2015:
https://heimdalsecurity.com/blog/internet-browser-vulnerabilities/
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Lancom is a cloud-ﬁrst managed services
provider and custom software developer
specialising in Amazon Web Services,
Citrix and Microsoft technologies. Our
services span outsourced IT support,
software development, infrastructure
projects, vendor management and cloud
computing. By fostering better knowledge
of what technology can do, we work
closely with our clients to deliver smart
solutions to business challenges.
Founded nearly 30 years ago, Lancom
delivers decades of experience and is
trusted by many New Zealand businesses
and global Fortune 500 companies
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