Dam It
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The document discusses various aspects of dams and river projects in India including the Bhakra Dam project, classification of dams, multi-purpose uses of dams, and social and environmental impacts of dams. It provides examples of impacts like displacement of local tribes, reduction in biodiversity, sedimentation issues, and water disputes between states. It also presents some classroom activities about dams that involve games, role-playing, and discussions.
Dam It
- 1. Multi purpose river projects and Integrated water resources Management Std X CBSE As per NCERT geography textbook Contemporary India II Dam – it!
- 2. Villagers downstream celebrated and set off fireworks October 1963 Dakotas of the Indian Air Force dipped their wings overhead. Which project are we talking about? Pundit Nehru flicked on the switch of the powerhouse and opened the sluice gates of the dam. In his speech dedicating the dam to the nation, he called dams as the ‘ Temples of modern India’ Bhakra Dam
- 3. Was this the first dam to be built in India? The Grand Anicut was built during the Chola Dynasty in the 1st / 2nd century A.D . to harness the waters of the river Cauvery. Made of stone, the dam is as long as 3 football fields It is the oldest water regulating structures and is still very much in use. Photo by Claire Arni and Oriole Henri
- 4. A dam is a barrier across flowing water It obstructs, directs or retards the flow of water. It usually creates a reservoir Surplus water flows out through spillways or weirs Sluice gates control the flow of water downstream of the reservoir Power House Long Distance Power Lines Turbine Intake Sluice gates Spillways River River Reservoir
- 5. Based on size – Large Dams (>15 meters) Major Dams (over 150 meters in height) Sometimes also classified as low, medium and high. Based on structure and material used - Timber Dams, Arch Gravity Dams, Embankment Dams or Masonry Dams, with several sub types . Based on purpose - Saddle dam, Dry dam, Diversion dam Classification of Dams Why do you think dams are broader at the bottom than at the top?
- 6. Multi-purpose river projects Earlier dams like the Grand Anicut impounded water for irrigation Today, as the name suggests – they are
- 7. Power Domestic Water Supply 1204 MW 1181MW 815.6 MW 1920 MW Kutch ,Saurashtra 10 million acres in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana and Rajasthan 270 million gallons of drinking water per day to the industrialized areas of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand controls flooding of the lower delta region by the Mahanadi river prevents floods in the Sutlej – Beas river valley Tehri Irrigation Flood Control
- 8. diverts water from the Ganga into the Hoogly during the dry season to flush out accumulated silt and allow navigation through the Hoogly into the port of Kolkata water-skiing, sailing, kayaking, speed boating and water scooter racing fifty one species and sub species of fish. Also a water fowl refuge Tehri Inland Navigation Recreation Fish Breeding
- 9. Temples of modern India industries hydropower for electricity livelihood + fishing irrigation water supply Inland Navigation Flood Control They were seen as vehicles of development and growth of the Indian economy and hence worthy of worship
- 10. Temples of modern India? evaporation Green House Gas emission Displacement of local tribes Destruction of historical and archaeological sites Loss of natural biodiversity Loss of Livelihood
- 11. Temples of modern India? Fragmentation of river ecosystems and impacts on biodiversity Barrier for movement of migratory fish like the salmon, thereby affecting its population. Reduction in natural biodiversity along riverbanks due to reduced natural flooding Alters water temperature downstream, affecting plant and animal life in the reservoir and the river
- 12. Reservoir Sedimentation Sediments that naturally flow in a river are blocked Excessive sedimentation on the reservoir bed can trigger floods (ironic, isn’t it!) Reservoir storage capacity reduces power generation and water availability reduces Downstream erosion Lesser sediments reach downstream Water flow eats into riverbed and shore (erosion) affects biodiversity in and along the river and increases coastal erosion
- 13. Temples of modern India? Cropping patterns changed to more water intensive crops – affects soil quality Inter-state water disputes Maharastra vs. Karnataka and AP Karnataka vs. TN Between farmers and urban areas Sabarmati basin Cauvery basin Water disputes Other social and ecological impacts:
- 14. the disputes. Let’s play a game
- 15. Divide the class into 5 teams Draw as many dashes as in the name of a dam / reservoir / barrage. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Team A starts. They guess a letter. The teacher puts in the letter at the correct place, if it is there in that name. Else, the letter is written down on one side. A maximum of 10 wrong guesses are allowed. The team gets as many points as letters on the side (maximum of 10). The team with the lowest number of points wins Hangman
- 16. Source: Maps of India Point the correct position of the dam/ reservoir / barrage on the map and get 2 points reduced from your points tally
- 17. Activity 1 A bench of 5 Supreme Court Judges A person who will lose his home and lands by construction of a dam A passionate environmentalist A farmer downstream, plagued by seasonal floods and drought An industrialist A politician from a nearby urban constituency Role play Assign the following roles to students
- 18. Activity 1 Select a river in your state Let each party put forward their views on the construction of a multi-purpose river project that will directly affect them Let each party also put forth solutions for opposing factions The judges can take a decision on the project depending on the case put forth Role Play
- 19. Activity 2 Divide the class into 2 teams Discuss the pros and cons of the dam built at Tehri or Koyna (let the students research the facts before the classroom discussion) Discussion