Data sharing: a look at the issues - Trieste
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The presentation discusses the importance of data sharing in scientific research, emphasizing the need for legal, technical, and semantic accessibility to foster open access. It addresses the complexities of copyright, data rights, and the distinctions between commercial and non-commercial use, while advocating for a modular, standards-based approach to licensing that facilitates data exchange. Ultimately, it stresses the necessity of an open infrastructure to support collaborative innovation and avoid treating data merely as property.
![(1) KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
“Non-academic users and Academic users intending to use KEGG for
commercial purposes are requested to obtain a license agreement
through KEGG's exclusive licensing agent, Pathway Solutions, for installation
of KEGG at their sites, for distribution or reselling of KEGG data, for
software development or any other commercial activities that make use of
KEGG, or as end users of any third-party application that requires
downloading of KEGG data or access to KEGG data via the KEGG API.
(2) HapMap - human genetic variation data
“The click-wrap license was designed as a temporary tool to continue the
practice of providing rapid access to human genome data [...]. One
consequence of the license requirement was that the [...] license
prevented HapMap data from being integrated into major public
databases, which require that data deposited carry no conditions on
use ...” - Wellcome Trust, Sanger, Dec 2004](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/datasharingissueskthaney-091015163911-phpapp01/85/Data-sharing-a-look-at-the-issues-Trieste-21-320.jpg)
Data sharing: a look at the issues - Trieste
- 1. data sharing: a look at the issues kaitlin thaney program manager, science commons trieste, italy - ICTP - 16 oct 2009 This presentation is licensed under the CreativeCommons-Attribution-3.0 license.
- 2. xi. before jumping into data ... (where we left off)
- 3. make sharing easy, legal and scalable integrated approach building part of the infrastructure for knowledge sharing
- 4. scientific revolutions occur when a sufficient body of data accumulates to overthrow the dominant theories we use to frame reality a so-called paradigm shift - from thomas kuhn
- 5. content needs to be legally and technically accessible
- 6. indexing, translation, redistribution: disallowed
- 7. “ By open access to the literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.” Image from the Public Library of Science, licensed to the public, under CC-BY-3.0
- 8. “The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.”
- 11. don’t forget about the physical tools UBMTA SLA SCMTA
- 12. knowledge? journal articles data ontologies annotations plasmids and cell lines
- 13. as a means to achieve Open Access but what about data?
- 14. the data web
- 15. “the future is here ... just unevenly distributed” - william gibson (i.e., linked data, W3C, neurocommons...)
- 16. 1. three layers of resistance: technical, semantic, legal save legal for last ...
- 17. “read 189,000 papers” is not the ideal answer.
- 18. DRD1, 1812 adenylate cyclase activation ADRB2, 154 adenylate cyclase activation ADRB2, 154 arrestin mediated desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway DRD1IP, 50632 dopamine receptor signaling pathway DRD1, 1812 dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase activating pathway DRD2, 1813 dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway GRM7, 2917 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway GNG3, 2785 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway GNG12, 55970 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway DRD2, 1813 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway ADRB2, 154 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway CALM3, 808 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway HTR2A, 3356 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway DRD1, 1812 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger SSTR5, 6755 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger MTNR1A, 4543 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger CNR2, 1269 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger HTR6, 3362 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger GRIK2, 2898 glutamate signaling pathway GRIN1, 2902 glutamate signaling pathway GRIN2A, 2903 glutamate signaling pathway GRIN2B, 2904 glutamate signaling pathway ADAM10, 102 integrin-mediated signaling pathway GRM7, 2917 negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity LRP1, 4035 negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway ADAM10, 102 Notch receptor processing ASCL1, 429 Notch signaling pathway HTR2A, 3356 serotonin receptor signaling pathway ADRB2, 154 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activation (dimerization) PTPRG, 5793 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway EPHA4, 2043 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway NRTN, 4902 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway CTNND1, 1500 Wnt receptor signaling pathway `
- 19. technical
- 20. traditional transfer of copyright agreement
- 21. (1) KEGG - Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes “Non-academic users and Academic users intending to use KEGG for commercial purposes are requested to obtain a license agreement through KEGG's exclusive licensing agent, Pathway Solutions, for installation of KEGG at their sites, for distribution or reselling of KEGG data, for software development or any other commercial activities that make use of KEGG, or as end users of any third-party application that requires downloading of KEGG data or access to KEGG data via the KEGG API. (2) HapMap - human genetic variation data “The click-wrap license was designed as a temporary tool to continue the practice of providing rapid access to human genome data [...]. One consequence of the license requirement was that the [...] license prevented HapMap data from being integrated into major public databases, which require that data deposited carry no conditions on use ...” - Wellcome Trust, Sanger, Dec 2004
- 22. what companies think we’re doing with the web
- 23. 2. people like stories ... why Open Access is needed
- 24. semantic agreement is hard.
- 27. espresso coffee cafe kopi cafezinho latte koffee mocha americano
- 28. “choice” or interoperability. (pick one)
- 29. converge on common names “coffee” “cafe” coffee “kopi” http://ontology.foo.org/1234567
- 33. better answers through better formats: Mesh: Pyramidal Neurons select ?gene_name ?process_name where Pubmed: Journal Articles { PropertyValue(?pubmed_record, ?p, mesh:D017966) PropertyValue(?article, sc:identified_by_pmid , ?pubmed_record) PropertyValue(?gene_record, sc:describes_gene_or_gene_product_mentioned_by, ?article) SubClassOf(?protein, some(ro:has_function, some(ro:realized_as, ?process))) SubClassOf(?process, or(go:GO_0007166, some(ro:part_of, go:GO_0007166)) Entrez Gene: Genes SubClassOf(?protein, some(sc:is_protein_gene_product_of_dna_described_by,?gene_record)) Annotation(?gene_record,rdfs:label,{?gene_name}) } Annotation(?process,rdfs:label,?process_name) GO: Signal Transduction
- 34. DRD1, 1812 adenylate cyclase activation ADRB2, 154 adenylate cyclase activation ADRB2, 154 arrestin mediated desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway DRD1IP, 50632 dopamine receptor signaling pathway DRD1, 1812 dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase activating pathway DRD2, 1813 dopamine receptor, adenylate cyclase inhibiting pathway GRM7, 2917 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway GNG3, 2785 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway GNG12, 55970 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway DRD2, 1813 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway ADRB2, 154 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway CALM3, 808 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway HTR2A, 3356 G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway DRD1, 1812 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger SSTR5, 6755 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger MTNR1A, 4543 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger CNR2, 1269 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger HTR6, 3362 G-protein signaling, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger GRIK2, 2898 glutamate signaling pathway GRIN1, 2902 glutamate signaling pathway GRIN2A, 2903 glutamate signaling pathway GRIN2B, 2904 glutamate signaling pathway ADAM10, 102 integrin-mediated signaling pathway GRM7, 2917 negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity LRP1, 4035 negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway ADAM10, 102 Notch receptor processing ASCL1, 429 Notch signaling pathway HTR2A, 3356 serotonin receptor signaling pathway ADRB2, 154 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activation (dimerization) PTPRG, 5793 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway EPHA4, 2043 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway NRTN, 4902 transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway CTNND1, 1500 Wnt receptor signaling pathway `
- 35. turn ugly query code into a link http://hcls1.csail.mit.edu:8890/sparql/?query=prefix%20go%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fobo%2Fowl%2FGO%23%3E %0Aprefix%20rdfs%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2F01%2Frdf-schema%23%3E%0Aprefix%20owl%3A %20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2002%2F07%2Fowl%23%3E%0Aprefix%20mesh%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org %2Fcommons%2Frecord%2Fmesh%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20sc%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fscience%2Fowl %2Fsciencecommons%2F%3E%0Aprefix%20ro%3A%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.obofoundry.org%2Fro%2Fro.owl%23%3E%0A %0Aselect%20%3Fgenename%20%3Fprocessname%0Awhere%0A%7B%20%20graph%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org %2Fcommons%2Fhcls%2Fpubmesh%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7B%20%3Fpaper%20%3Fp%20mesh%3AD017966%20.%0A %20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Farticle%20sc%3Aidentified_by_pmid%20%3Fpaper.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fgene %20sc%3Adescribes_gene_or_gene_product_mentioned_by%20%3Farticle.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20graph %20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fcommons%2Fhcls%2Fgoa%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7B%20%3Fprotein%20rdfs %3AsubClassOf%20%3Fres.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fres%20owl%3AonProperty%20ro%3Ahas_function.%0A %20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fres%20owl%3AsomeValuesFrom%20%3Fres2.%0A %20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fres2%20owl%3AonProperty%20ro%3Arealized_as.%0A %20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fres2%20owl%3AsomeValuesFrom%20%3Fprocess.%0A%20%20%20graph%20%3Chttp%3A%2F %2Fpurl.org%2Fcommons%2Fhcls%2F20070416%2Fclassrelations%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7B%7B%3Fprocess%20%3Chttp %3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fobo%2Fowl%2Fobo%23part_of%3E%20go%3AGO_0007166%7D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20union %0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%7B%3Fprocess%20rdfs%3AsubClassOf%20go%3AGO_0007166%20%7D%7D%0A %20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fprotein%20rdfs%3AsubClassOf%20%3Fparent.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fparent %20owl%3AequivalentClass%20%3Fres3.%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Fres3%20owl%3AhasValue%20%3Fgene.%0A %20%20%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%20graph%20%3Chttp%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fcommons%2Fhcls%2Fgene%3E%0A %20%20%20%20%20%7B%20%3Fgene%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3Fgenename%20%7D%0A%20%20%20graph%20%3Chttp%3A %2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fcommons%2Fhcls%2F20070416%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%7B%20%3Fprocess%20rdfs%3Alabel %20%3Fprocessname%7D%0A%7D&format=&maxrows=50
- 38. 3. the data “rights” conundrum...
- 39. Open Access (OA) Photo Credit: Peter Jeffs
- 41. is it creative?
- 42. is it creative?
- 43. is it creative?
- 44. category errors
- 45. the problem of... Non-Commercial for data
- 46. Non-Commercial what’s a commercial use of the data web?
- 47. the problem of... Share Alike for data
- 48. 1854
- 49. the problem of... Attribution for data
- 52. the problem of... any license for data
- 53. database protections based on jurisdiction sui generis, “sweat of the brow” Crown copyright moral rights the list goes on ....
- 54. attribution = license citation = norms which one applies? which is best fit? “credit where credit is due”
- 55. attribution: (legal entity) “triggered by making of a copy” does it apply to facts? how to attribute? (papers, ontologies, data) “in a manner specified by ...” attribution stacking
- 56. citation: (gentle(wo)man’s club) legal requirement? interoperability? credit where credit is due entrenched scientific norm
- 57. we shouldn’t use the law to make it hard to do the wrong thing ...
- 58. <mosquitos><transmit><malaria> is it true? can i trust it? to what does it connect?
- 59. need for a legally accurate and simple solution reducing or eliminating the need to make the distinction of what’s protected requires modular, standards based approach to licensing
- 64. calls for data providers to waive all rights necessary for data extraction and re-use requires provider place no additional obligations (like share-alike) to limit downstream use request behavior (like attribution) through norms and terms of use
- 70. 4. an example (and a break from the slides)
- 71. 5. at best, we’re partially right. at worst, we’re really wrong.
- 72. infrastructure for a data web the digital commons law + content + technology + community
- 73. data without structure and annotation is a lost opportunity. data should flow in an open, public, and extensible infrastructure support recombination and reconfiguration into computer models, queryable by search engine treated as public good
- 74. resist the temptation to treat as property embrace the potential to treat instead as a network resource
- 75. the right to fix our mistakes.
- 76. (remember Prodigy and AOL?)
- 77. thank you. kaitlin@creativecommons.org sciencecommons.org creativecommons.org slideshare.net/kaythaney