Decision making and problem solving in group.
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The document discusses two models for group decision making and problem solving: the Three C Model and the Rational Model. The Three C Model is a three step process: 1) Clarify the problem, 2) Consider alternatives and consequences, 3) Choose the best alternative. The Rational Model is a seven step process: 1) Define the problem, 2) Identify root causes, 3) Generate alternatives, 4) Evaluate alternatives, 5) Agree on a solution, 6) Develop an action plan, 7) Implement and evaluate the solution.
Decision making and problem solving in group.
- 1. Decision making and Problem solving in Group Three C Model, Rational Model Submitted by, Samuel Roy S2 : MSW NO : 1425
- 2. Decision making and Problem solving in Group Group decision making is a type of participatory process in which multiple individuals acting collectively, analyse problems or situations, consider and evaluate alternative courses of action, and select from among the alternatives a solution or solutions. The Three C Model and Rational Model help in Decision making and Problem solving in Group.
- 3. Three C Model The three C models of Problem Solving/Decision Making 1. Clarify the problem or the decision to be made. 2. Consider the possible alternatives and the consequences of choosing each alternative; collect any additional information needed. 3. Choose the best alternative and take the necessary action. Be sure to follow through on your decision.
- 4. Clarify • Clarify: - DEFINE THE PROBLEM - State exactly what the problem or situation is which needs to be dealt with. This may seem obvious, but often people do not identify the real problem. To solve a problem, you must first determine what the problem actually is. You need to check it out. Sometimes, it is easy to focus on symptoms, not causes.
- 5. Consider • Consider the possible alternatives and the consequences • List all possible ways to resolve the problem or possible decisions that could be made. • List at least 3 alternatives because people with problems often only see in black and white. • Think about the possible choices and what would happen for each choice and also think about the positive and negative consequences for each choice. • After the group has exhausted its ideas for alternative solutions, combine aspects of previously generated solutions. Some solutions are likely to integrate the best aspects of various ideas and also are more likely to find consensus in the group.
- 6. Choose Choose: - It simply means that choose the best. After carefully considering the consequences of each alternative, choose the most appropriate alternative. The group select the "best solution" either by evaluating criteria or by voting method. Agreeing on the "best solution" requires that the group have some ground rules for making decisions, such as consensus or majority vote. If the group is having difficulty in reaching consensus, members or a facilitator should work to clarify specific areas of disagreement and then identify ways to integrate similar interests into the solution. Controversy and disagreement if used constructively can be effective tools in selecting the best solution.
- 7. Rational model The rational model of decision making and problem solving in groups involve in seven steps they are given below. • Define the problem • Identify and Define the root causes • Generate Alternative Solutions • Evaluate the Alternatives • Agree on the best solution • Develop an Action Plan • Implement and Evaluate the Solution
- 8. Define the problem Define the problem: -. When defining the problem, the statement should not imply any solutions or causes. The current situation is defined by facts. Use clear and concise language supported by gathered facts when defining the problem. The desired situation, or what we want to happen, is defined as an objective. A primary source of group ineffectiveness is rushing to solutions before properly defining the problem.
- 9. Identify and Define the root causes Identify and Define the root causes: - To solve problems so they remain solved, the group must identify and define root causes rather than symptoms. A technique to use when considering all possible causes is brainstorming. Brainstorming is a technique that allows a large number of ideas to be generated. Prior to brainstorming, go over the ground rules with group members.
- 10. Generate Alternative Solutions Generate Alternative Solutions: The group has to identified and defined root causes and alternative solutions. The focus of this step is to generate, not evaluate. Usually groups that generate and evaluate together often reduce the number of potentially viable solutions. After the group has exhausted its ideas for alternative solutions, combine aspects of previously generated solutions. Some solutions are likely to integrate the best aspects of various ideas and also are more likely to find consensus in the group.
- 11. Evaluate the Alternatives Evaluate the Alternatives: - The group needs to first establish criteria for judging solutions. The criteria should define general characteristics that a solution should have. One way to help members develop criteria is to ask them to complete sentences that naturally lead to identifying criteria. Group members should focus only on those criteria that are needed or desired to solve the problem.
- 12. Agree on the best solution Agree on the best solution: - Agreeing on the "best solution" requires that the group have some ground rules for making decisions, such as consensus or majority vote. If the group is having difficulty in reaching consensus, members or a facilitator should work to clarify specific areas of disagreement and then identify ways to integrate similar interests into the solution. Controversy and disagreement if used constructively can be effective tools in selecting the best solution.
- 13. Develop an Action Plan Develop an Action Plan: - Action planning is designed to involve people, build their commitment, and increase the likelihood that the solution will be implemented effectively and on time. To help structure the action plan, groups can choose from a variety of action plan types. Questions that need to be answered during action planning include: • What they want to do. (goal) • How each step is to be undertaken. (strategy) • When they want to do it. (timeframe) • Who is responsible for each step. • Expected outcome of the completed step.
- 14. Implement and Evaluate the Solution Implement and Evaluate the Solution: - Solution steps should be implemented according to the action plan. However, sometimes unintended consequences occur that require changing the implementation plan midstream. The group can adapt to unintended consequences by suggesting that project updates be added to each meeting's agenda so that the group has a regular way to check its progress.