Democratizing Knowledge Through Open Science #pdf2016
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This document discusses open science and why scientific knowledge should be openly shared. It defines open science, open access, open data and other related terms. It explains that open access means online access to peer-reviewed publications and scientific data that is free of charge. Open data refers to data that can be freely used, modified and shared. The document discusses how open science optimizes the impact of research and benefits researchers, industry and citizens. It provides examples of open data repositories and outlines some exceptions when not all data should be openly shared. Finally, it discusses how open scientific knowledge can be achieved through tools like Creative Commons licenses and the differences between gratis and libre open access.
Democratizing Knowledge Through Open Science #pdf2016
- 1. Democratizing Knowledge Through Open Science Lidia Stępińska-Ustasiak Open Science Platform, ICM, University of Warsaw Coalition for Open Education
- 2. Outline • Openess in science – what is open science and why science should be open? • From Open Access to Open Data • How to make them open? • Excersise • Discussion and wrap-up
- 3. “Open science is the idea that scientific knowledge of all kinds should be openly shared as early as is practical in the discovery process.” Michael Nielsen
- 4. Open science Open access Open data Open source Open educational resources Open peer review Open notebook science Citizen science
- 5. Open Science as a bridge leading us to better understanding of contemporary world. Conal Gallagher / flickr
- 6. 4th Paradigm • Empirical - describing natural phenomena (last millenia) • Theoretical - building models and generalisations (last centuries) • Computational - simulating complex phenomena (last decades) • Data Exploration “data- intensive” scientific discovery (last years)
- 7. Distribution of knowledge in science Traditional system has limitations Costs of subscriptions are growing New technologies develop very fast Production of knowledge is also very fast Open Access is the answer
- 9. Objective • The EC goal is to optimize the impact of research in Europe. Expected benefits: • Better and more efficient science (Science 2.0) • Economic growth • Broader, faster, more transparent and equal access for the benefit of researchers, industry and citizens. (Responsible Research and Innovations)
- 10. What does the EC understand by the OA? • Online access at no charge to the user • To peer reviewed scientific publications • To scientific data • Two main publishing business models • Self archiving – deposit manuscripts & immediate/delayed OA provided by autho (green OA) • OA publishing – in OA journals Open access can be defined as the practice of providing on-line access to scientific information that is free of charge to the end-user.
- 11. Scientific information Articles and books KTHBiblioteket,CC-BY-SA https://www.flickr.com/photos/kthbiblioteket/4472640423/ Research data „the recorded factual material commonly accepted in the scientific community as necessary to validate research findings”
- 12. „Anything & everything produced in the course of research” Digital Curation Center
- 13. “Open data and content can be freely used, modified, and shared by anyone for any purpose.” Open Knowledge Foundation The Open Definition: What is open data?
- 14. Specialized data repositories Berman,Kleywegt,Nakamura,Markley(2012) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2012.01.010 Protein Data Bank – since 1971 Oxford Text Archive – since 1976 GenBank – since 1982 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ge nbank/statistics
- 15. Should all data be open? No. But data existence should always be open: • Allows discovery & negotiation on use • Avoids pointless replication Slide adapted from Kevin Ashley, DCC, CC-BY Privacy protection (human subjects!) National security issues Protection of endangered species, of archaeological sites, etc. Interference with commercialization plans
- 16. How to open scientific knowledge?
- 17. What are Creative Commons Licenses? BY – Attribution SA – Share Alike NC – Non-commercial ND – No derivatives
- 18. Gratis open access Libre open access the right to read the right to read and re-use
- 19. Excercise
- 20. In what way can politicians, media, experts/influencers and citizens use scientific knowledge? What criteria should that knowledge meet from their perspective?
- 21. Thank you for your attention Contact: l.stepinska-ustasiak@icm.edu.pl