Describing Media Assets: Media Fragment Specification and Description

1
Describing Media Assets
Raphaël Troncy
<raphael.troncy@eurecom.fr> / @rtroncy
2 October 2013
media fragment specification and description

02/10/2013 - Describing Media Assets - MediaMixer Webinar, October 2013 - 2

Once upon a time …

… leading to sharing Media Fragments
 Publishing status message containing
a Media Fragment URI
Use a ‘#’ !
Highlight a
video
sequence
Highlight a
region
to pay
attention to

W3C Video on the Web Workshop - 2007

Key topics
 Addressing: having global identifiers for identifying
spatial and temporal clips (for deep linking,
bookmarking, caching and indexing)
 Metadata: searching and discovering video is
difficult with the volume of online video
 Video codec: recommending a baseline (open)
video codec for the World Wide Web
 Content protection: managing digital rights
associated with the media is key: W3C should look
into metadata for digital rights

Making video a "first class citizen"

Flickr Notes
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mhausenblas/2883727293/

YouTube Temporal Addressing (Sept 2008)

t0 20 35temporal media fragment
spatial media fragment
track media fragment
named media fragment“Scared Scene”
What are Media Fragments?
02/10/2013 - - 10Describing Media Assets - MediaMixer Webinar, October 2013

Media Fragments (temporal)
Fragment beginning Fragment endPlayback progress
Original resource
length

Media Fragments (spatial)
semi-opaque
overlay
highlighted
fragment
http://ninsuna.elis.ugent.be/MFPlayer/html5

Media Fragments URIs
 Bookmark / Share parts (fragments) of
audio/video content
 Annotate media fragments
 Search for media fragments
 Develop Mash-ups/Collage
 Conserve bandwidth
http://www.w3.org/TR/media-frags-reqs/
http://www.w3.org/TR/media-frags/

Requirements
 r01: Temporal fragments:
 a clipping along the time dimension from a start to an end time that
are within the duration of the media resource
 r02: Spatial fragments:
 a clipping of an image region, only consider rectangular regions
 r03: Track fragments:
 a track as exposed by a container format of the media resource
 r04: Named fragments:
 A temporal media fragment that has been given a name through
some sort of annotation mechanism

URI Scheme
 Using URI query part:
 Using URI fragment part:
 Mixing both:
http://www.example.org/video.ogv?t=60,100
http://www.example.org/video.ogv#t=60,100
http://www.example.org/video.ogv?t=60,100
#t=10,15

 The media fragment URI syntax can be used
for URI queries
 We will focus on URI fragments
URI Fragments vs. URI Queries
#t=20,30 ?t=20,30
secondary resource,
notion of context
primary resource,
no notion of context
extraction needs to be
expressible in byte ranges
no adaptation restrictions
no provisions for
communi-cating
fragments to the server
key-value pairs are sent to
the server
potentially cacheable not cacheable

Media Fragments Resolution
 For the URI query part:
The media file is only processed on server side
The UA receives a new video file
 For the URI fragment part:
Smart UA will strip out the fragment definition and
encode it into custom http headers (Range header)
(Media) Servers will handle the request, slice the media
content and serve just the fragment (corresponding byte
ranges)
… while old ones will serve the whole resource

Media Fragments Resolution
 2 ways
handshake
 4 ways
handshake

Influence of Media Formats
 Fragment extraction needs to be expressible in
terms of byte ranges
 Requirements for the different axes
temporal: presence of intra-coded frames
(i.e., random access points)
spatial: presence of independently coded spatial regions
track: need to be identifiable by a name
 Conclusion: temporal and track axes are
realistic, spatial fragments can hardly be
expressed in terms of byte ranges

Media Fragment Clients
 Web Browsers
 Firefox (since version 9, now version 23)
 Safari (since Jan 2012, announcement)
 Chrome (since Jan 2012, announcement)
 Library (or Polyfill)
 mediafragment.js:
https://github.com/tomayac/Media-Fragments-URI
 xywh.js: https://github.com/tomayac/xywh.js
 Custom Players:
 Ligne de Temps: http://ldt.iri.centrepompidou.fr/ldtplatform/ldt/
 Synote: http://smfplayer.synote.org/smfplayer/
 Noterik, Condat, JSI, etc.
- 2002/10/2013 - Describing Media Assets - MediaMixer Webinar, October 2013

 Ninsuna: http://ninsuna.elis.ugent.be/MediaFragmentsServer
 Southampton-Eurecom: node.js based
implementation
 YouTube: partial support, syntax difference
 Dailymotion: partial support, syntax difference
- 21
Media Fragment Servers
02/10/2013 - Describing Media Assets - MediaMixer Webinar, October 2013

NinSuna: Overview
 Fully integrated media adaptation and delivery
platform
media adaptation and media packaging core is
independent of media formats
based on model-driven content adaptation & delivery technique
only high-level adaptation operations such as scene
selection and frame rate scaling
no transcoding is applied
ideal candidate for Media Fragment implementation
more information: http://ninsuna.elis.ugent.be

 Support for Media Fragment URI queries
both HTTP and RTSP implementation
try some URIs at
http://ninsuna.elis.ugent.be/MediaFragmentsServer#Test
http://ninsuna.elis.ugent.be/DownloadServlet/apple/10,000_BC_t
railer_2.mp4?track=5;6
 Support for Media Fragment URI fragments
i.e., support for the MF-specific HTTP headers
 Combining Media Fragment URI queries and
fragments
e.g., http://foo.com/media.mp4?t=10,40#t=5,10
MF-specific Features of NinSuna

 Goal: make existing media resources, served
by generic HTTP Web servers, available as
Media Fragments
 Biggest problem for content providers
willing to support Media Fragments
media extractor (dependent on underlying media
formats)
 Solution: an approach that
works with existing HTTP Web servers (apache, IIS)
works with existing Web caches
works with not so smart user agents
Media Fragments Proxy

-get (only) the header info
-try to find a fragment-to-byte mapping
-construct the redirect response
Media Fragments Proxy
HTTP
server
MF Proxy
MF User
Agent
http://foo.com/video.ogv#t=11,19
GET /?url=http://foo.com/video.ogv HTTP/1.1
Host: MFProxy.com
Accept: video/*
Range: t:npt=11-19
Accept-Range-Redirect: bytes
HTTP/1.1 307 Temporary Redirect
Location: http://foo.com/video.ogv
Accept-Ranges: bytes, t, track
Content-Length: 0
Content-Type: video/ogg
Content-Range-Mapping: t:npt 10-20/0-50
Range-Redirect: 24000-32000
Vary: Accept-Range-Redirect
GET /video.ogv HTTP/1.1
Host: foo.com
Accept: video/*
Range: bytes=24000-32000
http://ninsuna.elis.ugent.be/MFProxy?url=<mediaURI>

Media Fragment Semantic Annotation
 Media Fragment creation: localize a region (person)
 Media Fragment annotation (tagging) = interpretation
Winston Churchill, UK Prime Minister, Allied Forces, WWII
 Media Fragment semantic annotation
:Reg1 foaf:depicts dbpedia:WinstonChurchill.
dbpedia:Churchill rdfs:label "Winston Churchill";
rdf:type foaf:Person
dbprop:order dbpedia:Prime_Minister_(UK).
The "Big Three" at the Yalta
Conference (Wikipedia)
Reg1

 Media Fragment creation:
localize a temporal sequence
 Media Fragment annotation (tagging) = interpretation
G8 Summit, EU Summit, Heiligendamm, 2007, Gothenburg, 2001
 Media Fragment semantic annotation
:Seq1 foaf:depicts dbpedia:33rd_G8_Summit.
:Seq4 foaf:depicts dbpedia:EU_Summit.
dbpedia:33rd_G8_Summit
rdfs:label "33rd G8 summit"@en ;
grs:point "54.143055555555556 11.841666666666667".
A history of G8 violence (video)
(© Reuters)
Seq1
Seq4

 Things, not strings!
http://googleblog.blogspot.fr/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-
graph-things-not.html
 Use knowledge bases (LOD)
 Use common
vocabularies (LOV)
 Follow the 4
Linked Data principles
 Refine the 4 Linked Media principles
- 2902/10/2013 - Describing Media Assets - MediaMixer Webinar, October 2013

Open Annotation Data Model
 Specification developed in the W3C Open Annotation
Community Group
http://www.openannotation.org/spec/core/
 Core model
 OWL vocabulary for representing
and sharing annotation of digital
resources (and their fragment) … in RDF
 A body is related to a target
 Nature of the annotation changes
according to intention (motivation)
 How to annotate
this image?

Semantic Annotation of an Image
http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/wiki/
SE_Semantically_Tagging_an_Image

Maphub: http://maphub.github.io/

Open Video: Annotation Project
http://openvideoannotation.org/

YouTube Annotations
 Annotations are clickable text overlays on YouTube videos
 Annotations are used to boost engagement, give more
information, and aid in navigation

YouTube Annotations: How To

LinkedTV: automatic annotations ...

... and enrichment for hypervideos
Cubism
Expressionism
Fauvism
FACETS / PROPERTIES OF CONCEPT
CONCEPT IN
PLAYER
CONTENT ENRICHMENT

LinkedTV Second Screen Scenarios
 Universal Identifiers:
URI’s
 Common description
formats
 Easy interlinking between
content

Media Fragments and Annotations
nerd:Location
Cafe Rick
Nerd:Person
H. Bogart
Nerd:Person
I. Bergman
nerd:Location
Casablanca
 Media Fragment URI 1.0
 Chapters
 Scenes
 Shots
 etc…
http://data.linkedtv.eu/medi
a/e2899e7f#t=14,15

Enrichment and Hypervideos
nerd:Location
Cafe Rick
Nerd:Person
H. Bogart
Nerd:Person
I. Bergman
nerd:Location
Casablanca
Nerd:Person
E. Tierney
nerd:Location
China

What is a Named Entity recognition task?
 A task that aims to locate and classify the name of a
person or an organization, a location, a brand, a
product, a numeric expression including time, date,
money and percent in a textual document

NER Tools and Web APIs
 Standalone software
GATE
Stanford CoreNLP
Temis
 Web APIs
http://nerd.eurecom.fr/

 Compare performances of
NER and NEL tools
 Understand strengths and weaknesses of different Web APIs
 Adapt NER processing to different context
 (Learn how to) Combine NER (/ NEL) tools
NERD: Named Entity Recognition and
Disambiguation
What is NERD?
REST API2ontology1
UI3
1 http://nerd.eurecom.fr/ontology
2 http://nerd.eurecom.fr/api/application.wadl
3 http://nerd.eurecom.fr

02/10/2013 - Describing Media Assets - MediaMixer Webinar, October 2013 45/15
Alchemy
API
DBpedia
Spotlight
Evri Extractiv Lupedia Open
Calais
Saplo Wikimeta Yahoo! Zemanta
Language EN,FR,
GR,IT,
PT,RU,
SP,SW
EN
GR*
PT*
SP*
EN,I
T
EN EN,FR,
IT
EN,FR
SP
EN,
SW
EN,FR
SP
EN EN
Granularity OEN OEN OED OEN OEN OEN OED OEN OEN OED
Entity
position
N/A char
offset
N/A word
offset
range of
chars
char
offset
N/A POS
offset
range
of
chars
N/A
Classification
schema
Alchemy DBpedia
FreeBase
Scema.or
g
Evri DBpedia DBpedia
LinkedM
DB
Open
Calais
N/A ESTER Yahoo FreeBase
Number of
classes
324 320 5 34 319 95 5 7 13 81
Response
Format
JSON
MicroF
XML
RDF
HTML
JSON
RDF
XML
HTM
L
JSO
N
RDF
HTML
JSON
RDF
XML
HTML
JSON
RDFa
XML
JSON
MicroF
ormat
JSON JSON
XML
JSON
XML
XML
JSON
RDF
Quota
(calls/day)
30000 unl 300
0
3000 unl 50000 1333 unl 5000 10000
Factual comparison of 10 Web NER tools

Aligned the taxonomies used by
the extractors
NERD Ontology

NERD type Occurrence
Person 10
Organization 10
Country 6
Company 6
Location 6
Continent 5
City 5
RadioStation 5
Album 5
Product 5
... ...
Building the NERD Ontology

NERD REST API
GET,
POST,
PUT,
DELETE
/document
/user
/annotation/{extractor}
/extraction
/evaluation
...
JSON
“entities” : [{
“entity”: “Tim Berners-Lee” ,
“type”: “Person” ,
“uri”: "http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_berners_lee",
“nerdType”: "http://nerd.eurecom.fr/ontology#Person",
“startChar”: 30,
“endChar”: 45,
“confidence”: 1,
“relevance”: 0.5
}]
Rizzo G., Troncy R. (2012), NERD: A Framework for Unifying Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation Web Extraction
Tools. In: European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL'12), Avignon, France.
RDF

NERD User Dashboard

NERD User Interface

Media Fragment Enricher:
http://mfe.synote.org/mfe/

Linking pieces of knowledge

Web + TV experience
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mSC685AG7k

Take Away Summary
 Video is a first class citizen on the Web
Annotations: Ontology and API for Media Resources,
Open Annotation Data Model
Access: Media Fragments URI
NERD platform for extracting key information from textual
resources including video subtitles and microposts
 Embrace the Linked Media vision
Publish, re-use, re-purpose and remix media descriptions
Develop links between (part of) media items via their
descriptions

Winter School:
http://winterschool.mediamixer.eu/

Credits
 Giuseppe Rizzo, Vuk Milicic, José Luis Redondo Garcia (EURECOM)
 Thomas Steiner (Google Inc.), Yunjia Li (University of Southampton)
 Marieke van Erp (Free University of Amsterdam)
 Erik Mannens, Davy ven Deursen (iMinds, Uni. Ghent)
 Paolo Ciccarese, Robert Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel and all
the members of the W3C Open Annotation Community Group
 … and many other students

Expert organizations in MediaMixer

Describing Media Assets: Media Fragment Specification and Description

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