![International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume: 3 | Issue: 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD23263 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1074
Design and Modeling of Pull
Rod & Push Rod Suspension System
Sateesh Kumar Revoor1, Mittapally Nikhil2, Jatothu Sucharitha2, D. Anil2
1Assistant Professor, 2Student
1,2Mechanical Department, GNIT Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
How to cite this paper: Sateesh Kumar
Revoor | Mittapally Nikhil | Jatothu
Sucharitha | D. Anil "Design and
Modeling of Pull Rod & Push Rod
Suspension System" Published in
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-3 |
Issue-3, April 2019,
pp.1074-1077, URL:
https://www.ijtsrd.c
om/papers/ijtsrd23
263.pdf
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
Journal. This is an Open Access article
distributed under
the terms of the
Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by/4.0)
ABSTRACT
The main criterion of this project is to design a suspension system practically to
a student formula vehicle and for systems,nowloadsare distributed tofrontand
rear side. The stiffness of the spring is calculated by considering front and rear
loads. The design of the spring, dash pot, rocker arms and push rod were done
by LOTUS SHARK and modelling of these is done in SOLIDWORKS software.
Later, the assembly of all parts and mono spring rocker arm front suspension
system were designed racing cars. The dynamic loads are to be considered for
the design of wheel assembly, frame, and transmission, steering and braking.
Keywords: Rocker Arm, Dash Pot, Push rod and Pull rod and Lotus Shark
I. Introduction
Fig.1. Front View of Pull or Push Rod Suspension
Fig.2. Rocker Arm
1. Push Rod
In push rod suspension arm as shown in Fig.1. is usually at a
45 degree angle the bodywork/tyre in an F1 car. When the
car goes over a bump the movement is transffered throuh
the tyre and rim to the suspension arm,thisthen transferthe
loads into the “actual” suspension [1].
2. Pull Rod
Pull-rod suspension as shown in Fig.1. is literally just push-
rod turned upside down, they take all the internal
suspension parts and flip them upside down, then mount
them as low in the chasis as possible to help witrh centre of
gravity. This also means thatthesuspension armasshownin
Fig.2. can be mounted down near horizontal with respect to
the road which is much better aerodynamically [2].
II. DESIGN OF PULL PUSH ROD SUSPENSION
1. LOTUS SHARK SUSPENSION DESIGN
Fig.3. Suspension Design in Lotus Shark
IJTSRD23263](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/233designandmodelingofpullrodpushrodsuspensionsystem-190618111925/85/Design-and-Modeling-of-Pull-Rod-and-Push-Rod-Suspension-System-1-320.jpg)
![International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23263 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1076
Rocker Arm
Rocker arm is a kinematic link which varies the motion
according to the motion ratio required for the suspension.
Dcesigns of rocker arm, thed inputs are drawn from the
software. Modeling of rocker are designed in solid works as
shown in Fig.8 and Fig.9. by using the specific tools for
modeling.
Considering the material for the rocker isstainlesssteel.And
fabricated by using the TIG welding process according the
design.
Fig.8. Free Body Diagram of Rocker Arm
Fig.9. Rocker Arm Design
Assembly
An assembly is a model comprised of multiple parts models.
It is mainly used to mode the interaction between different
parts. Assemblies can be used to check how parts fit
together, detect collisions,and showtheinteraction between
parts and more. To create an assembly, Parts files are
imported into the assembly drawing. Once there the parts
are aligned oriented using relations. Parts can be related
through any of their individual features using a variety of
relation tools, e.g. axial align, planar align, connect etc.
Assemblies can also contain other ‘sub-assemblies within
them which are treated in the same fashion as individual
parts, push rod suspension assembly as shown in Fig.10,
Fig.11, Fig.12 and Fig.13 [3].
Fig.10. Front View of Pushrod Suspension
Fig.11. Iso Metric View of Pushrod Suspension
Fig.12. Side View of Pushrod Suspension
Fig.13. Top View of Pushrod Suspension System](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/233designandmodelingofpullrodpushrodsuspensionsystem-190618111925/85/Design-and-Modeling-of-Pull-Rod-and-Push-Rod-Suspension-System-3-320.jpg)
![International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23263 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1077
Wheel Assembly
The assembled wheel as shown in Fig.14 and Fig.15 consists
of certain parts included which are alignedf in sequential
order.
Tyres
Whel Hub
Knuckle/Upright
Disc
Brake caliper
Astub axle
Hub bearings
Fig.14. Exploded View of Wheel Assembly
Fig.15. Wheel Assembly of Push Rod Suspension
III. CONCLUSION
As the main objectives of this thesis were to gain a better
understanding of how pull push rod suspension systems
work and combine theory and practical knowledge by
designing and modeling the pull push rod suspension
system. IN the thesis suspension properties like camber,
caster and kingpin inclination angle was explained and what
effects on the overall handling of the car they have. How the
design could be as possible without sacrificing performance
is explained. Lowering the Centre of Gravity by using pull-
rod suspension instead of push rod suspension. Designing
active suspension system and the possibility of having no
anti. After the design of each component of the suspension
system, an assembly was created to verify the design and
that no interference was between components.
IV. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I owe my immense thanks to my Dr. B. Vijaya Kumar,
Professor and Head of the department, Guru Nanak Institute
of Technology for his encouragement at every stage of this
Endeavour.
I extended my deep sense of gratitude to the principal
Dr. S. Sreenatha Reddy, and the management of Guru
Nanak Institute of Technology for providing of the best
amenities to enable us to complete my project in stipulated
time.
Finally, I am very thankful my parents, friend’s faculty and
other of the department of Mechanical Engineering for the
constant support for a completion of this project.
V. REFERENCES
[1] Dishant, Er. Parminder Singh,Er.MohitSharma“DESIGN
AND ANALYSIS OF PUSH ROD AND ROCKER ARM
SUSPENSION” International Journal of mechanical
engineering, volume 114, pp. 465-476.
[2] Dr. Porga Kalita “Design and Optimization of a SAE Baja
Chasis” InternationalJournal of MechanicalEngineering,
Volume 3, Issue 5, June 2016.
[3] Smit Thakkar “Research Paper on Design Modification
and Analysis of Automobile wheel Rim” IJSRD –
International Journal for Scientific Research
&Development, Volume 3, Issue 3,2015.
[4] Lotus Suspension Analysis v4.03.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/233designandmodelingofpullrodpushrodsuspensionsystem-190618111925/85/Design-and-Modeling-of-Pull-Rod-and-Push-Rod-Suspension-System-4-320.jpg)
Design and Modeling of Pull Rod and Push Rod Suspension System
- 1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume: 3 | Issue: 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD23263 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1074 Design and Modeling of Pull Rod & Push Rod Suspension System Sateesh Kumar Revoor1, Mittapally Nikhil2, Jatothu Sucharitha2, D. Anil2 1Assistant Professor, 2Student 1,2Mechanical Department, GNIT Guru Nanak Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India How to cite this paper: Sateesh Kumar Revoor | Mittapally Nikhil | Jatothu Sucharitha | D. Anil "Design and Modeling of Pull Rod & Push Rod Suspension System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- 6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3, April 2019, pp.1074-1077, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.c om/papers/ijtsrd23 263.pdf Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0) ABSTRACT The main criterion of this project is to design a suspension system practically to a student formula vehicle and for systems,nowloadsare distributed tofrontand rear side. The stiffness of the spring is calculated by considering front and rear loads. The design of the spring, dash pot, rocker arms and push rod were done by LOTUS SHARK and modelling of these is done in SOLIDWORKS software. Later, the assembly of all parts and mono spring rocker arm front suspension system were designed racing cars. The dynamic loads are to be considered for the design of wheel assembly, frame, and transmission, steering and braking. Keywords: Rocker Arm, Dash Pot, Push rod and Pull rod and Lotus Shark I. Introduction Fig.1. Front View of Pull or Push Rod Suspension Fig.2. Rocker Arm 1. Push Rod In push rod suspension arm as shown in Fig.1. is usually at a 45 degree angle the bodywork/tyre in an F1 car. When the car goes over a bump the movement is transffered throuh the tyre and rim to the suspension arm,thisthen transferthe loads into the “actual” suspension [1]. 2. Pull Rod Pull-rod suspension as shown in Fig.1. is literally just push- rod turned upside down, they take all the internal suspension parts and flip them upside down, then mount them as low in the chasis as possible to help witrh centre of gravity. This also means thatthesuspension armasshownin Fig.2. can be mounted down near horizontal with respect to the road which is much better aerodynamically [2]. II. DESIGN OF PULL PUSH ROD SUSPENSION 1. LOTUS SHARK SUSPENSION DESIGN Fig.3. Suspension Design in Lotus Shark IJTSRD23263
- 2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23263 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1075 A market leading application for suspension modelling and design as shown in Fig.3. from the world-leaders in vehicle ride and handling; the lotus suspension analysis SHARK module is a suspension geometric and kinematic modelling tool, with a user- friendly interface which makes it easy to apply changes to proposed geometry and instantaneously assess their impact trough the graphical results as shown in Fig.4, Fig.5 and Fig.6. Fig.4. Camber Graph Fig.5. Caster Graph Fig.6. King-Pin Inclination 2. Solid Works for Modeling 3D model of suspension componentsinmodelingsoftware’s, we used SOLIDFWORKS for modeling of componenets. The 3D coordinate hard points are drawn from the suspensiuon software called LOTUS SHARK. Next the reference plane on which the sketch will be applied according to modelingtools required to model. Finallythe parameters of the sketch such as number of iterations and suppressed occurrences are defined. In modeling the suspension system components 2.1 Calculation of Spring Design of spring Design Considerations Spring Material: Stain less steel Larger diameter D=50mm Minor diameter (or) wire diameter d = 6mm Material properties Ultimate strength=505Mpa Modulus of elasticity=193Gpa Poisson ratio=0.29 Shear modulus=77Gpa Out side diameter of a spring D1=D+d =50+6 = 56 Inner diameter of a spring D2=D-d =50-6 =44 Spring index C = = = 8.3333 Correction Factor Kw= + = =1.1773039 Maximum shear stress in the spring wire F = 856.278 ≈ 900 N Stiffness factor K=21.40625 N/mm No. of turns of coil N = 6.731 ≈ 7 no. Damper travel = 50mm Modeling of spring designed as shown in Fig.7.accordingthe above calculations. And fabricated bythecold drawn process and assembled to the dash pot. Fig.7. Spring And Dashpot Assembly
- 3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23263 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1076 Rocker Arm Rocker arm is a kinematic link which varies the motion according to the motion ratio required for the suspension. Dcesigns of rocker arm, thed inputs are drawn from the software. Modeling of rocker are designed in solid works as shown in Fig.8 and Fig.9. by using the specific tools for modeling. Considering the material for the rocker isstainlesssteel.And fabricated by using the TIG welding process according the design. Fig.8. Free Body Diagram of Rocker Arm Fig.9. Rocker Arm Design Assembly An assembly is a model comprised of multiple parts models. It is mainly used to mode the interaction between different parts. Assemblies can be used to check how parts fit together, detect collisions,and showtheinteraction between parts and more. To create an assembly, Parts files are imported into the assembly drawing. Once there the parts are aligned oriented using relations. Parts can be related through any of their individual features using a variety of relation tools, e.g. axial align, planar align, connect etc. Assemblies can also contain other ‘sub-assemblies within them which are treated in the same fashion as individual parts, push rod suspension assembly as shown in Fig.10, Fig.11, Fig.12 and Fig.13 [3]. Fig.10. Front View of Pushrod Suspension Fig.11. Iso Metric View of Pushrod Suspension Fig.12. Side View of Pushrod Suspension Fig.13. Top View of Pushrod Suspension System
- 4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23263 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2019 Page: 1077 Wheel Assembly The assembled wheel as shown in Fig.14 and Fig.15 consists of certain parts included which are alignedf in sequential order. Tyres Whel Hub Knuckle/Upright Disc Brake caliper Astub axle Hub bearings Fig.14. Exploded View of Wheel Assembly Fig.15. Wheel Assembly of Push Rod Suspension III. CONCLUSION As the main objectives of this thesis were to gain a better understanding of how pull push rod suspension systems work and combine theory and practical knowledge by designing and modeling the pull push rod suspension system. IN the thesis suspension properties like camber, caster and kingpin inclination angle was explained and what effects on the overall handling of the car they have. How the design could be as possible without sacrificing performance is explained. Lowering the Centre of Gravity by using pull- rod suspension instead of push rod suspension. Designing active suspension system and the possibility of having no anti. After the design of each component of the suspension system, an assembly was created to verify the design and that no interference was between components. IV. ACKNOWLEDGMENT I owe my immense thanks to my Dr. B. Vijaya Kumar, Professor and Head of the department, Guru Nanak Institute of Technology for his encouragement at every stage of this Endeavour. I extended my deep sense of gratitude to the principal Dr. S. Sreenatha Reddy, and the management of Guru Nanak Institute of Technology for providing of the best amenities to enable us to complete my project in stipulated time. Finally, I am very thankful my parents, friend’s faculty and other of the department of Mechanical Engineering for the constant support for a completion of this project. V. REFERENCES [1] Dishant, Er. Parminder Singh,Er.MohitSharma“DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF PUSH ROD AND ROCKER ARM SUSPENSION” International Journal of mechanical engineering, volume 114, pp. 465-476. [2] Dr. Porga Kalita “Design and Optimization of a SAE Baja Chasis” InternationalJournal of MechanicalEngineering, Volume 3, Issue 5, June 2016. [3] Smit Thakkar “Research Paper on Design Modification and Analysis of Automobile wheel Rim” IJSRD – International Journal for Scientific Research &Development, Volume 3, Issue 3,2015. [4] Lotus Suspension Analysis v4.03.