Introduction to leaf spring
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The leaf spring, invented by Obadiah Elliot in the 18th century, is a type of suspension spring commonly used in heavy-duty vehicles and has various configurations like elliptic and semi-elliptic. It consists of multiple steel plates, with the main leaf clamped to the axle, providing structural linkage and positioning for the axle, though it can affect riding comfort due to inter-leaf friction. The manufacturing process involves shearing, heating, forging, and surface preparation, using materials such as plain carbon steel with specific variations for automotive and railroad applications.
Introduction to leaf spring
- 1. Introduction to Leaf Spring
- 2. Invention of Leaf Spring • Leaf spring was invented by Obadiah Elliot of London in 18th century. He simply piled one steel plate on top of another, pinned them together and shackled each end to a carriage, it was the first ever leaf spring used on a vehicle.
- 3. Leaf Spring • It is originally called as a laminated or carriage spring, and sometimes referred to as a semi-elliptical spring or cart spring.
- 4. Principle of Leaf Spring • A leaf spring is a simple type of suspension spring which is commonly used in heavy duty vehicles.
- 5. Use of leaf spring in suspension of vehicles
- 6. Layout
- 7. Types of Leaf Spring • Elliptic • Semi-Elliptic
- 8. • Three-quarter elliptic • Quarter elliptic
- 9. • Transverse
- 10. Another Types of Leaf Spring
- 13. Different LF used in different vehicles
- 14. Construction of Leaf Spring • Leaf springs used in automobiles is of semi-elliptical type. • It is built up of number of plates (known as leaf),which are reducing in lengths. • The longest leaf is called as main leaf or master leaf & other leaves are called as graduated leaves. • The spring is clamped to the axle by means of U-bolts. • Rebound clips are used to hold the leaves together.
- 15. • Central clamp is used to fix the position of leaf spring to the wheel axle.
- 16. Characteristics of Leaf Spring • Leaf spring acts as a linkage for holding the axle in position and thus separate linkage are not necessary. It makes the construction of the suspension simple and strong. • As the positioning of the axle is carried out by the leaf springs so it makes it disadvantageous to use soft springs i.e. a spring with low spring constant. • Therefore, this type of suspension does not provide good riding comfort. The inter-leaf friction between the leaf springs affects the riding comfort. • Acceleration and braking torque cause wind-up and vibration. Also wind-up causes rear-end squat and nose- diving.
- 17. Manufacturing Process 1. Shearing of flat bar 2. Center hole punching / Drilling 3. End heating process forming - Eye Forming / Wrapper Forming - Diamond cutting / end trimming / width cutting / end tapering - End punching / end grooving / end bending / end forging / eye grinding - Center hole punching / Drilling / nibbing
- 18. 4. Heat Treatment - Heating - Chamber forming - Hardening - Quenching - Tempering 5. Surface preparation - Shot peening / Stress peening - Primary painting
- 19. 6. Eye bush preparation process - Eye reaming / eye boring - Bush insertion - Bush reaming 7. Assemble - Presetting & load testing - Finish painting - Marking & packing
- 20. Manufacturing video of leaf spring
- 21. Standard size of Leaf Spring • Width (mm) : 25-80 mm in steps of 5 mm. • Thickness (mm) : 2-8 mm in steps of 1 mm, 10-16 mm in steps of 2 mm.
- 22. Material used for Leaf Spring • The material used for leaf springs is usually a plain carbon steel having 0.90 to 1.0 % carbon. • According to indian standards the recommended materials are : - For automobiles : 50 Cr1 , 50 Cr1 V23 , 55 Si2 Mn90 used in hardened & tempered state.
- 23. - For rail road springs : C55 (Water hardened) , C75 (Oil hardened) , 40Si 2Mn 90 (Water hardened) & 55Si Mn90 (Oil hardened)
- 24. Name of the two reference company that can be visited • R.M. Engineering Address:Plot No. 83, Maruti Industrial Area, Char Bhuja Marbal, Bhaiya Transport Street Behind Ashish Engineering, Gondal Road, Rajkot - 360004, Gujarat, India
- 25. • Rajkot Spring Works Address:Lilavanti Chamber, Dhebarbhai Road, Opposite S.T. Bus Stand, Rajkot - 360001, Gujarat, India
- 26. •Presentation made by, - Jay Harsora - Kunal Taviya - Falgun Patel
- 27. Thank You