Development of Remote Sensing and Satellite Technology in SingaporeDevelopment.pdf

Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing
13
13-
-APRSAF, Jakarta, Indonesia, 05 December 2006
APRSAF, Jakarta, Indonesia, 05 December 2006
Development of Remote Sensing
and Satellite Technology in
Singapore
Development of Remote Sensing
and Satellite Technology in
Singapore
LIEW Soo Chin
Centre for Remote Imaging,
Sensing and Processing (CRISP)
National University of Singapore

• Established in Late 1992 with funding from the
Agency for Science, Technology and Research
(A*STAR)
• Started operation in September 1995 with the
completion of the satellite receiving ground station.
• CRISP’s Mission:
– to develop an advanced capability in remote
sensing to meet the scientific, operational and
business requirements of Singapore and the
region.
Centre for Remote Imaging,
Sensing and Processing (CRISP)

Director (1)
Deputy Director (Vacant) Head of Research (1)
Administrative Manager
Management Support
Officers
(4)
Research Scientists
Associate Scientists
(17)
Ground Station Manager
Dy. Ground Station Manager
IT System Manager
Assist. Ground Station Manager
Associate Engineers
(16)
Market Development
Officer
Marketing Support
Officers
(3)
Management Board
Organization Structure

13 metre X band Antenna
Sep. 1995
6 metre X band Antenna
Oct 2000
1.5 metre L band
Antenna

CRISP Ground Station Coverage
CRISP Ground Station Coverage

Data Processing Facilities

Satellite Data CRISP received since 1995:
1. SPOT 1,2,4 (France, Sep 1995) – 1,025,000 scenes
2. ERS 1,2 (Europe, Mar 1996) – 26,500 scenes
3. RADARSAT 1 (Canada, Apr 1997 till 1999) – 12,000 scenes
4. SeaWiFS (USA, Sep 1999)
5. TERRA MODIS (USA, March 2001)
6. IKONOS (USA, August 2001)
7. EROS (Israel, October 2001) – suspended due to ground equipment failure
8. AQUA MODIS (USA, July 2002)
9. SPOT 5 (October 2002) – 306,000 scenes
(1st millionth SPOT scene on 13 November 2004)
CRISP Ground Station

CRISP’s Main Research Directions
• Very High Resolution Image Processing
– High Precision Mapping
– Feature Extraction
– 3D Processing, Visualization
• Hyperspectral Imaging
– Retrieving sea water optical properties，
– Bathymetry
– Atmospheric correction
• Synthetic Aperture Radar
– Interferometry
– Multiple-polarization SAR
• Applications
– Environmental monitoring: Forest fires, oil spills, mangroves, harmful
algal blooms, sediment plumes, natural hazards
– Landcover / landuse classification, land use change
– Forestry, agriculture, plantation management
– Engineering projects, land reclamation, mapping

Satellite Technology
• Development of satellite technology is being
undertaken by the Centre for Research in
Satellite Technology (CREST) hosted at the
Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
• X-SAT (Experimental Satellite) Project started
on 1 Dec 2001
• Ready for launch : Aug 2008
• CRISP will assist in the ground segment (data
reception, processing and applications)

Regional Fire Monitoring

Fire Monitoring Operation
• Since 1997, CRISP contract with the Singapore National
Environment Agency to monitor regional forest and land fires
with SPOT images.
• “hot-spot” processed with Terra/Aqua MODIS or NOAA AVHRR
• SPOT images are acquired over “hot-spot” areas.
• Full resolution SPOT passes are scanned for fires.
• Zoom-in images of significant fires are annotated.
• Same day reports of fire observations with annotated images
are sent to the National Environment Agency (NEA), Singapore.
• Sharing of information with other relevant authorities and
agencies in affected areas by NEA.

SPOT 2 Image on 9 June 2003
MODIS Hotspot on 8 June
2003

Near
realtime
e-mail
alert
Subject: HOTSPOT Report for AQUA 20041007 062931 UTC
From: modis@nus.edu.sg
Date: Thu, 7 Oct 2004 17:45:02 +0800 (SGT)
To: Fire List
Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP)
National University of Singapore
Near Realtime Fire Hotspots Email Alert System
Satellite : AQUA
Sensor : MODIS
Algorithm: NASA ver 4.3.2
Date : 20041007
Start Time : 062931 UTC
Location : Sumatra
Number of hotspots detected : 576
No Lon Lat T4(K) T11(K) Bkg_T4(K) Bkg_T11(K)
1 105.71 -5.02 333.4 293.8 308.8 292.0
2 105.71 -5.02 364.4 300.1 309.7 293.9
3 104.66 -5.04 313.0 280.8 298.7 276.1
4 104.65 -5.04 312.4 280.0 298.9 277.0
5 105.77 -4.84 340.5 307.1 312.2 303.5

MODIS Hotspots provided by CRISP superimposed on a forest map
of South Sumatra – AQUA 2004-10-07 06:29:31 UTC
Courtesy of Forestry Department, South Sumatra Province

Ocean Colour Study:
Mapping suspended sediment,
chlorophyll and dissolved
organic matter in Inland
Rivers and Coastal Sea Water

Aqua-MODIS Chlorophyll Monthly Composite
May 2004

Retrieving suspended sediment concentration from
remote sensing reflectance spectra
Collaborators: Geog Dept., NUS; Kunming
Univ. of Science and Technology, China

Inland river water
0
5
10
15
20
25
400 500 600 700 800 900
R28-2_1
R28-2-2
R28-2_avg
TSS = 16 g/m^3
X550 = 3.09 m^-1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
400 600 800
R39_1
R39_2
R39_avg
TSS = 1338 g/m^3
X550 = 15.2 m^-1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
400 500 600 700 800 900
R42_1
R42_2
R42_avg
TSS = 9416 g/m^3
X550 = 177.6 m^-1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
400 600 800
R25_1
R25_2
R25_avg
TSS = 200 g/m^3
X550 = 6.61 m^-1
• Location: Lower
Jinsha River in
Yunnan, China
• TSS
concentration
ranges from 16
to 13000 g/m3
• Mean
1900 g/m3;
median
800 g/m3

Relating Backscattering
Coefficient to Total Suspended
Sediments
N = 61
y = 0.0208x
R
2
= 0.9825
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000
TSS (g/m
3
)
X
(m
-1
)

Field Measurement
Water Sample
Lab Analysis
Red Tides Monitoring

Reflectance Spectra of Algal Bloom
Classes (Dinoflagellates)
Dinoflagellates
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength (nm)
Normalized
Reflectance
Class 1 (Ref Sea Water)
Class 4 (Cochlodinium)
Class 5 (Ceratium and
Pyrodinium Bahamense)
Class 6 (Dinophysis
caudata)
Class 9 (Protoperidinium
and Ceratum)
Partial support
provided by NASDA
(ADEOS Project)

Diatoms, cyanobacteria
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength (nm)
Normalized
Reflectance
Class 1 (Ref Sea Water)
Class 2 (Trichodesmium)
Class 3 (Skeletonema sp.)
Class 7 (Rhizolenia Sp.)
Class 8 (Skeletonema sp.,
with some dinoflagellates)
Reflectance Spectra of Algal Bloom
Classes (Diatoms, Trichodesmium)
Partial support
provided by NASDA
(ADEOS Project)

Research on V
Research on Very High
ery High
Resolution Satellites Data
Resolution Satellites Data
Processing and Applications
Processing and Applications

l
p
ϕ
λ
h
equator
Greenwic
h
meridian
Direct model
Reverse
model
(l,p,h) (λ,ϕ,h)
Geometric Processing
Refinement of IKONOS Camera Model

Results (Mono)
Horizontal Position Errors
Scene Before Adjustment After Adjustment
5 Aug 2001 (mono) 29.38 1.65
5 Oct 2001 (left a) 8.65 0.4
5 Oct 2001 (left b) 7.88 0.54
5 Oct 2001 (right a) 15.19 0.91
5 Oct 2001 (right b) 9.72 0.88
3 Feb 2002 (mono) 3.22 0.59

3-D View of Mt Everest Generated by SPOT 5 and SPOT 4 Combined Stereo Dataset

Natural Hazards and
Natural Hazards and
Disasters
Disasters

2004 Indian Ocean TSUNAMI
• CRISP took majority of satellite images of devastated area
• CRISP images widely distributed by media and internet
• Same day delivery of data to support Singapore rescue operations
• Data also provided to Thailand and Indonesia

NW Sumatra 29 Dec 2004
MODIS Image

10 Jan 2003 29 Dec 2004
Banda Aceh
19 km x 22 km

Mapping Tsunami-Affected Coastal
Aquaculture Areas in Northern
Sumatra Using High Resolution
Satellite Imagery
www.crisp.nus.edu.sg http://www.worldfishcenter.org http://www.unsyiah.ac.id
Supported by: United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UN-OOSA)

Study Area – Northern Coast of Aceh
Kab.
Aceh Besar
Kab.
Aceh Timur
SPOT-5 Quicklook Mosaic

09 Jun 2004
03 Feb 2005
1
1
2
2
3
3
New river
discharge point
Broken sand bars
Damaged pond
bunds
Debris or
sediments in
ponds
Original river
discharge
point
Intact sand bars

IKONOS, 09 May 2006 IKONOS, 28 May 2006
Java Earthquake (27 May 2006)

Flooding in Thailand (SPOT 2, 26 May 2006)

Southeast Asia Environmental Web
Mapping System
(Part of the Sentinel Asia Network)
Client
Any recent
browser with
Javascript
enabled
Server
• Linux OS: Fedora Core 2
• Apache Web Server
• MapServer 4.8.2
• Static Layers:
– MODIS Land Cover
– GTOPO30
– Country boundaries
• Layers pulled from MODIS
processing system:
– MODIS Level 1B
– MOD14 Hotspots
– Other environmental
products

“Work Together”
• Participation in International Community
– ASEAN SCOSA
– AARS
– APRSAF
• International Space Agencies Research
Programs
– JAXA ADEOS OCTS
– JAXA ADEOS2 GLI
– ESA Envisat
– NASA EO-1
– RADARSAT2
– TerraSAR-X

“Work Together”
• A partial list of research collaborations
– Classification of rice cropping systems using ERS-SAR (IRRI;
University of Cantho, Vietnam)
– Interferometry study of tropical forests (CESBIO, France)
– Internal waves and rain cells studies (Univ. of Hamburg,
Germany)
– Retrieving sediment concentration in turbid river water by remote
sensing (Geog Dept, NUS; Kunming Univ. of Science and
Technology, China)
– 3-D construction and visualization of urban features from high
resolution satellite imagery (Wuhan Univ., China)
– Detection and Counting of Citrus Trees in Very-High Resolution
Satellite Images (USDA-NASS, USA)

“Work Together”
• A partial list of research collaborations (contd.)
– Development of an integrated environment monitoring
system using MODIS data (APEIS - NIES, Japan;
IGSRR, CAS, China)
– Mapping tsunami-affected coastal aquaculture areas
in northern Sumatra using high resolution satellite
imagery (WorldFish; UNSYIAH, Indonesia; UN-
OOSA)
– Sentinel Asia

Terima kasih
Terima kasih

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