Different Parameters of Language Variation
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This document discusses different parameters of language variation including geographical location, social domain, range of speaker competence, social segregation, L1 background diversity, gender, academic discipline, and accessibility of speakers. It provides examples of linguistic variations in dialects of the Madurese language, registers used in religious and workplace settings, code-mixing in Indonesian, gender differences in language, academic jargon, and gay language terminology in Indonesia. References are listed at the end from sources on linguistics and anthropology.
Different Parameters of Language Variation
- 1. Different Parameters of Language Variation Ahmad Faiz 130221810453 Class D
- 2. Geographical Location Madurese Language Dialects Madurese language dialects also have spread throughout the region. On the island of Madura, there are several dialects such as: •Dialect of Bangkalan •Dialect of Sampang •Dialect of Pamekasan •Dialect of Sumenep, and •Dialect of Kangean
- 3. Geographical Location (cont’d) Ex: “be'en” which is a word to refer you is commonly used in Madura. But the word is used in Sumenep “be'na”. Further, Lumajang Madurese use “kakeh” and Bangkalan use “hedeh” to refer exactly the same thing. (Taken from William D. Davies, Grammar of Madurese, 2010:2-3)
- 4. Different Social Domain Language of Mosque Ex:The zakat is earmarked for the poor and disabled. Language of Sport Ex: SayakaTakahashi performed jumping smashes to defeat her opponent. Language ofWorkplace Ex:The doctor is now performing the surgical operation.
- 5. Range of Speaker Competence Code-Mixing Indonesian people will use code-mixing to express some words that is unavailable in Bahasa Indonesia. Ex: Penyerang Barcelona, Lionel Messi mencetak hat-trick di pertandingan tadi malam sehingga memenangkan Barcelona atas Real Madrid dengan aggregate 5-3. Code-switching Indonesian people occasionally use some phrases or sentences in Arabic to express certain things. Ex: Semoga pengantin berdua bisa menjadi keluarga sakinah, mawaddah, wa rohmah.
- 6. Social Segregation • Standard American English “They are walking around here.” • Black English “They be walkin’ around here.” (Taken from Hadumod Bussmann, Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics, 1998:136)
- 7. L1 Background Diversity Pidgin: (Taken from GeorgeYule, The Study of Language - 4th Edition, 2010:250)
- 8. L1 Background Diversity (cont’d) Creole: (Taken from GeorgeYule, TheStudy of Language - 4th Edition, 2010:251)
- 9. In Terms of Gender Men’s Talk: I need to shave my beard and mustache for the meeting this morning. Women’s Talk: There is a special room for women to breastfeed their babies.
- 10. Academic Discipline Registers: A list of derivational morphemes will include suffixes such as the -ish in “foolish”, -ly in “quickly”, and the –ment in “payment”. (LINGUISTICS) You can watch the video that I uploaded by visitingYouTube. (INTERNET) Jargons: Morphology The morphology of human and apes is quite similar. (BIOLOGY) In the morphology of this dialect there are fewer inflectional suffixes. (LINGUISTICS)
- 11. Accessibility of Speakers Gay Language in Indonesia (Taken fromTom Boellstorf, Journal of Linguistic Anthoropolgy, 2004:242) Bahasa Indonesia Meaning Gay Language banci waria béncong or bences berapa how much? brépong dandan put on makeup. déndong or dendes homo homosexual hémong lelaki man lékong or lekes loco masturbate lécong, leces or léci pura-pura pretend péres sakit sick sékong, sékes or sekes terjadi to have happened térjedong
- 12. References Boellstorff,T. Gay Language and Indonesia: Registering Belonging. Journal of Linguistic AnthrpologyVol. 14, Issue 2, pp. 248-268 Bussmann, H. 1998. Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. NewYork, NY: Routledge Davies,W. D. 2010. A Grammar of Madurese. Berlin:Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. Yule, G. 2010. The Study of Language (4th Edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press