Digital Divide
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The document discusses the global scenario of information and communication technology (ICT), emphasizing commitments made at the World Summit on the Information Society to bridge the digital divide and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. It highlights the importance of access to ICT for development, the parameters defining the digital divide, and the various indices used to measure ICT access and skills across countries. The document also outlines challenges in India related to the digital divide and suggests strategies for bridging it through government, NGO initiatives, and technology in education.
Digital Divide
- 2. New Trends Sources •UN •UNESCO •OECD •World Bank •InternationalTelecommunication Union •MHRD 2sgisave@gmail.com
- 3. Global Scenario on ICT sgisave@gmail.com 3
- 4. Global Scenario of ICT • At the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) a UN Summit organized by the InternationalTelecommunication Union in a unique two-phase format (Geneva 2003,Tunis 2005), governments and world leaders made a strong commitment towards building a people-centered, inclusive and development- oriented Information Society for all, where everyone can access, utilize and share information and knowledge. • WSIS has identified the need to measure the advances made in breaching the digital divide and in promoting the broad development goals included in the United Nations Millennium Declaration through increased access and use of ICTs. sgisave@gmail.com 4
- 5. Millennium Development Goals • The eight Millennium DevelopmentGoals (MDGs) – which range from halving extreme poverty to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015 – form a blueprint agreed to by all the world’s countries and all the world’s leading development institutions.They have galvanized unprecedented efforts to meet the needs of the world’s poorest. sgisave@gmail.com 5
- 7. 17 Goals to Transform Our World • In 2015, countries adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals. In 2016, the Paris Agreement on climate change entered into force, addressing the need to limit the rise of global temperatures. • Governments, businesses and civil society together with the United Nations are mobilizing efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Agenda by 2030. Universal, inclusive and indivisible, the Agenda calls for action by all countries to improve the lives of people everywhere. sgisave@gmail.com 7
- 8. Sustainable Development Goals •The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations.The broad goals are interrelated though each has its own targets to achieve. ...The SDGs are also known as "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" or Agenda 2030 in short. sgisave@gmail.com 8
- 17. 17sgisave@gmail.com Image from - https://kapokdigital.com/the-art-of-the-possible-for-local-business/
- 18. Digital Divide • When they met in NewYork last September to agree the sustainable development goals (SDGs), which will underpin the development agenda for the next 15 years, the UNs 193 member states agreed to “strive to provide universal and affordable access to the internet in least developed countries by 2020” - https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2016/feb/22/secret- formula-bridging-digital-divide-1-for-2-alliance-for-affordable-internet- access sgisave@gmail.com 18
- 19. .Digital Divide : Definition • The "digital divide" - a term that refers to the gaps in access to information and communication technology (ICT) - threatens the ICT "have-nots", whether individuals, groups or entire countries. • Education and learning lie at the heart of these issues and their solutions.The gaps that define the "learning digital divide" are thus as important as the more obvious gaps in access to the technology itself. • https://www.oecd.org/site/schoolingfortomorrowknowledgebase/themes/ict/bridgi ngthedigitaldivide.htm 19sgisave@gmail.com
- 20. Global Digital Divide •The divide between differing countries or regions of the world is referred to as the global digital divide, examining this technological gap between developing and developed countries on an international scale. 20sgisave@gmail.com
- 22. Second Digital Divide • One of the key findings from a recent report by the OECD was that "the digital divide in education goes beyond the issue of access to technology. A second digital divide separates those with the competencies and skills to benefit from computer use from those without." 22sgisave@gmail.com
- 24. Digital Divide Parameters Digital Access Index (DAI) ICT Development Index (IDI) Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) sgisave@gmail.com 24
- 26. Digital Access Index (DAI) • The DigitalAccess Index reflects the ability of each country's population to take advantage of internet communication technologies. • It is a composite score of eight variables describing availability of infrastructure, affordability of access, educational level, quality of information and communication technology services, and Internet usage. • Source - http://www.itu.int/ sgisave@gmail.com 26
- 27. Digital Access Index • The Digital Access Index (DAI) measures the overall ability of individuals in a country to access and use information and communication technologies. • It consists of eight variables organized into five categories. • Each variable is converted to an indicator with a value between zero and one by dividing it by the maximum value or “goalpost”. Each indicator is then weighted within its category and the resulting category index values are averaged to obtain the overall DAI value. • Source - http://www.itu.int/ sgisave@gmail.com 27
- 29. sgisave@gmail.com 29 Digital Access Index
- 31. Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) •The Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) is based on 11 ICT indicators, grouped in 3 clusters: opportunity, infrastructure and utilization. •The Digital Opportunity Index measures these aspects, including price and affordability of ICTs (Internet and mobile), relative to average income. • Source - http://www.itu.int/ • / sgisave@gmail.com 31
- 32. Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) •The Digital Opportunity Index measures the ICT penetration of households and individuals relative to 100% ownership, to measure growth in the ICT development of each economy over time. •This enables cross-country comparisons, as well as comparisons of growth in digital opportunity over time. • Source - http://www.itu.int/ sgisave@gmail.com 32
- 35. ICT Development Index •The ICT Development Index (IDI), which has been published annually since 2009, is a composite index that combines 11 indicators into one benchmark measure. •It is used to monitor and compare developments in information and communication technology (ICT) between countries and over time. • Source - http://www.itu.int/ sgisave@gmail.com 35
- 36. ICT Development Index • ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies – ICTs calculates IDI Stage 1: ICT readiness – reflecting the level of networked infrastructure and access to ICTs; • Stage 2: ICT intensity – reflecting the level of use of ICTs in the society; and • Stage 3: ICT impact – reflecting the results/outcomes of more efficient and effective ICT use. • Source - http://www.itu.int/ sgisave@gmail.com 36
- 42. sgisave@gmail.com 42 Comparsion Report World_India_ World India IDI 2017 Rank - 134 IDI 2016 Rank - 138 IDI 2017 Value 5.11 3.03 IDI 2016 Value 4.94 2.65 IDI ACCESS SUB-INDEX 5.59 3.6 Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 13.57 1.88 Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 101.53 86.95 International internet bandwidth per Internet user (Bit/s) 74464 15956.28 Percentage of households with computer 46.61 15.2 Percentage of households with Internet access 51.46 22.64 IDI USE SUB-INDEX 4.26 1.62 Percentage of individuals using the Internet 45.91 29.55 Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 12.39 1.44 Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 52.23 16.76 IDI SKILLS SUB-INDEX 5.85 4.73 Mean years of schooling 8.52 6.3 Secondary gross enrolment ratio 84 74.28 Tertiary gross enrolment ratio 38.69 25.54
- 45. Behind Digital Divide in India Parameters Spatial Location Economical status Social Barriers Policies Disabilities Geographical Location sgisave@gmail.com 45
- 46. Behind Digital Divide in India •Lack of Physical Resources •Lack of trained/skilled Human Resource •Lack of connectivity •Lack of preparedness/awareness •Lack of political and administrative will 46sgisave@gmail.com
- 47. Bridging Digital Divide • Govt. schemes to provide ICT tools, infrastructure, connectivity and training • NGO initiatives • ICT Awareness through Skill based approach • Management & Community Contribution • Blended Learning approach • Use of AssistiveTechnology • Justified use of ICT with basics of pedagogy 47sgisave@gmail.com
- 48. •‘Technology will not replace great teachers but technology in the hands of great teachers can be transformable’ – George Course 48sgisave@gmail.com
- 49. References • http://blogs.worldbank.org/edutech/10-global-trends-in-ict-and-education • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_management_system • https://www.docebo.com/2017/05/17/what-is-learning-management-system/ • https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/publications/mis2017.aspx • https://www.researchgate.net/figure/226521945_fig1_Fig-1-Structure-of- the-Learning-Management-System-LMS-7 • https://www.talentlms.com/what-is-an-lms/ • http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001362/136281e.pdf • http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0025/002595/259587E.pdf 49sgisave@gmail.com