DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING - Day 5 Applications of DIP
- 1. The Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing 22/6/2020 - 26/2/2020 Day 5 : Applications Summary : •Steps in Digital Image Processing Components •Elements of Visual Perception •Image Sensing and Acquisition •Image Sampling and Quantization •Relationships between pixels •Color image fundamentals - RGB, HSI models, • Two-dimensional mathematical preliminaries, 2D transforms - DFT, DCT.
- 2. Introduction Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more) digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems
- 3. Fundamental Systems Image Processing Systems
- 8. Components of an Image Processing System
- 9. Working Principles VIDICON The vidicon is a storage-type camera tube in which a charge-density pattern is formed by the imaged scene radiation on a photoconductive surface which is then scanned by a beam of low-velocity electrons. The fluctuating voltage coupled out to a video amplifier can be used to reproduce the scene being imaged
- 10. Working Principles Digital Camera Digital and film cameras share an optical system, typically using a lens with a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup device.The diaphragm and shutter admit the correct amount of light to the imager, just as with film but the image pickup device is electronic rather than chemical. Most current consumer digital cameras use a Bayer filter mosaic in combination with an optical anti-aliasing filter to reduce the aliasing due to the reduced sampling of the different primary-color image
- 11. Working Principles Digital Camera
- 12. Elements of Visual Perception Visual Perception Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment by processing information that is contained in visible light. The resulting perception is also known as eyesight, sight, or vision
- 13. Mach Band Effect The Mach bands effect is due to the spatial high-boost filtering performed by the human visual system on the luminance channel of the image captured by the retina. This filtering is largely performed in the retina itself, by lateral inhibition among its neurons.
- 14. Colour Models RGB Model The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography
- 15. Colour Models RGB Model
- 16. Colour Models HSI Model HSI, common in computer vision applications, attempts to balance the advantages and disadvantages of the other two systems HSL & HSV.
- 17. Sampling & Quantization Sampling sampling is the reduction of a continuous signal to a discrete signal. A sample is a value or set of values at a point in time and/or space. A sampler is a subsystem or operation that extracts samples from a continuous signal. Quantization Quantization, involved in image processing, is a lossy compression technique achieved by compressing a range of values to a single quantum value. When the number of discrete symbols in a given stream is reduced, the stream becomes more compressible.
- 18. Sampling & Quantization Sampling Quantization
- 19. Two Dimensional Mathematical Preliminaries Image Transforms Many times, image processing tasks are best performed in a domain other than the spatial domain. Key steps: (1) Transform the image (2)Carry the task(s) in the transformed domain. (3)Apply inverse transform to return to the spatial domain
- 20. Fourier Series Theorem Any periodic function f(t) can beexpressed as aweighted sum (infinite) of sine and cosine functions of varying frequency is called the “fundamentalfrequency
- 22. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Forward DFT InverseDFT
- 23. Discrete Cosine Transform A discrete cosine transform (DCT) expresses a finite sequence of data points in terms of a sum of cosine functions oscillating at different frequencies. DCT is a Fourier-related transform similar to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), but using only real numbers. DCTs are equivalent to DFTs of roughly twice the length, operating on real data with even symmetry. Types of DCT listed below with 11 samples.
- 24. Applications of Digital Image Processing Some of the major fields in which digital image processing is widely used are mentioned below : •Image sharpening and restoration •Medical field •Remote sensing •Transmission and encoding •Machine/Robot vision •Colour processing •Pattern recognition •Video processing •Microscopic Imaging •Others
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