Digital Signal Processors - DSP's

Introduction to Digital
Signal Processors
Hicham BERKOUK
Tarek Islam SADMI
E08/Computer Engineering
IGEE – Boumerdes.

OUTLINE
 Overview
 Introduction to DS Processors
 Historical Development
 DSP Market
 Internal Architecture
 Applications of DSPs
 Examples
 Conclusion
 References

 Overview
 Historical development
 DSP Market
 Examples
 Conclusion
 References

Overview:
Digital signal processing techniques and algorithms
developed throughout history are useless, unless
implemented in a given hardware to perform specified tasks.
However, conventional microprocessors cannot handle
those algorithms.
Hence, there’s a need to develop a new hardware : the
Digital Signal Processor.

 Overview
 DSP Market
 Examples
 Conclusion
 References

Introduction to DSProcessors:
 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
A digital signal processor (DSP) is a specialized
microprocessor with an architecture optimized for the
operational needs of digital signal processing.
 Typical DSP system :

 Conversion from Analog to Digital and
Digital to Analog signals.
 A lot of Interaction with outside world.

What are the Differences
between a DSP and a GP MPU
?

Historical Development:
 First transistor: 16 December 1947, at the Bell Company by
William Shockley.

 First IC: by Jack Killby 12 September 1958 at Texas
instruments Laboratories.

 First Microprocessor: 15 November 1971 by Intel
Company the Intel 4004.

 First DSP: 1978 : Texas Instruments TMS5100 DSP.
1978 : Intel and AMI, released to unsuccessful DSPs the
2920 and the S2811.
1980 : the NEC µPD7720 DSP by PSTN
Telecommunications.

 1983 : the TMS32010 by Texas instruments (Harvard architecture) (It already
had a special instruction set, with instructions like load-and-accumulate or
multiply-and-accumulate. It could work on 16-bit numbers and needed 390 ns
for a multiply–add operation. TI is now the market leader in general-purpose
DSP)
 1988 : the appearance of the 2nd generation of DSPs, like AT&T DSP16A
and the Motorola 56000 (accelerating tight-loops and loop addressing).
 1995: the appearance of the 3rd generation of DSPs : new special instructions
in the data path and hardware acceleration, using very complex problems like
Fourier-Transform, or Matrix Operations like “ Motorola MC 68356. And TI
TMS 320C541 and the TMS 320C80.
 The fourth generation is best characterized by the changes in the instruction
set and the instruction encoding/decoding.
 The fastest digital signal processor (DSP) is the TMS320C6416, by
Texas Instruments (USA). On 12 March 2003, a clock speed of 720
megahertz (MHz) was demonstrated at the Texas Instruments
Laboratories, Stafford, Texas, USA.

 Overview
 DSP Market
 Example : TMS320C6400 DSP
 Conclusion
 References

Market of DSP’s:
 The DSP market is very large and growing rapidly.
 Incessant demand of cheaper and better electronic solutions,

Simplified Block Diagram of
Typical DSP

 Harvard architecture.
 Direct Memory Access (DMA).
 Very Large Instruction Word (VLIW).
 Floating point or Fixed point arithmetic.
 Multiply and accumulate (MACs) Functions.

Applications of DSPs :
 - Automation & Process Control (Barcode Scanner,
Machine Vision)
 - Automotive & Transportation (Active Noise
Cancellation ANC)
 - Communications & Telecom ( Miltary Radar/Sonar,
Oscilloscopes)
 - Consumer & Portable Electronics (MP3 Players,
Mobile Phones, Guitar Effects)

 Health Tech (MRI: Magnetic Resonance
Imaging, Ultrasound System)
 Industrial (High-Speed Data Acquisition and
Generation)
 Security & Safety ( Fingerprint Biometrics,
Camera Surveillance)
 Space, Avionics & Defense (Military and
Avionics Imaging)

Examples:
Music (Guitar Effects) :

Conclusion
 DSP technology has enabled many
applications.
 Size of DSP market has attracted many
competitors with a broad set of optimized
solutions.
 DSP’s are very fast and optimal for real
time processing.

References :
 TMS320C64x, Technical Overview
 The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing, Chapter28
 http://www.signalogic.com/index.pl?page=dsp_app
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processor
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_slicing
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating-point
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Instruments_TMS320C6400
 http://www.vision-systems.com/articles/2003/03/texas-instruments-claims-
fastest-dsp.html
 http://www.ti.com/lsds/ti/dsp/applications.page

Digital Signal Processors - DSP's

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