Diploma sem 2 applied science physics-unit 1-chap 3 measuring instruments
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The document discusses various measuring instruments used in applied science physics, including the vernier caliper, micrometer, dial caliper, spherometer, thermometer, and galvanometer. It explains how to use each instrument, read measurements, and determine the least count or smallest unit of measurement. Examples are provided for measuring length, diameter, depth, and other quantities. References for additional information on the instruments are listed at the end.
Diploma sem 2 applied science physics-unit 1-chap 3 measuring instruments
- 1. Measuring Instruments Course: Diploma Subject: Applied Science Physics Unit: I Chapter: III
- 2. Use of Vernier Caliper Vernier Caliper can be used to measure diameter, thickness very accurately. The Mission Covenant Church Holm Glad College 1
- 3. 2
- 4. 0 cm 2 cm1 cm 0 10 Main Scale Vernier Scale
- 5. Main Scale 3
- 7. How to read the result of measuring by using the Vernier caliper
- 8. What is the result of measuring ? 5
- 9. What does it mean ? 6
- 10. 6 mm 7
- 11. What does it mean ?8
- 12. ( 2 x 0.1 ) mm 9
- 13. 6 mm ( 2 x 0.1 ) mm The result of measuring is ( 6 mm + 0.2 mm ) = 6.2 mm 10
- 14. What is the result of measuring ? 11
- 15. The result of measuring is : ( 3 mm + ( 7 x 0.1 ) mm ) = 3.7 mm
- 16. 0 cm 2 cm1 cm 0 10 Main Scale Vernier Scale X 0.1 mm Least Count = Value of the smallest division on MS/ Total number of division on VS L.C = 1mm / 10 = 0.1 cm / 10 = 0.01cm
- 17. 0 cm 2 cm1 cm 0 4 862 10 Main Scale Vernier Scale X 0.05 mm
- 18. Measuring Internal Diameter Use the inside jaws of the caliper as shown The Mission Covenant Church Holm Glad College 12
- 19. Measuring External Diameter Use the outside jaws of the caliper as shown The Mission Covenant Church Holm Glad College 13
- 20. Measuring Height of Bar. 14
- 21. Measuring Depth of a Hole Use the depth gauge of the caliper as shown The Mission Covenant Church Holm Glad College 15
- 22. Measuring Instruments • Vernier Caliper • (a) Positive zero error • Zero error = +0.04 cm. 16
- 23. Measuring Instruments • Vernier Caliper (b) Negative zero error • Zero error = -0.02 cm. 17
- 24. Structure of the Micrometer 18
- 25. Scale description : Main scale & Circular scale 19
- 26. Least Count • Least Count = Pitch of the Micrometer / Total number of circular scale division • Least Count = 1 / 100 = 0.01mm = 0.001cm 20
- 27. 21
- 29. Dial Caliper The dial Caliper has seven main components: a slide scale, lock screw, thumb adjustment wheel, measuring jaws (inside & out), dial with measurements of 0.001 inch, depth rod and a bezel.23
- 30. Dial Caliper Try this one 24 25
- 31. Dial Caliper • Answer is • 1.931
- 32. Read the Measurement 1 26
- 33. Read the Measurement 2 27
- 34. Read the Measurement 3 28
- 35. Read the Measurement 4 29
- 36. Read the Measurement 5 30
- 37. Description of the Spherometer • Instrument that measures the surface power (D) associated with the lens surfaces. 31
- 38. Functional Principle Supporting the legs on the lens surface, the movement of the center leg, is translated to the scale, giving the value of the surface power of the surface. Positive value in convex surfaces. Negative value in concave surfaces. 32
- 39. Zero error Adjustment or Calibrating the instrument to zero: When placing the instrument on a flat polished surface, the scale must mark 0.00 D. If not, all previous measurements will be affected by this value. The measurement will be a result of the following equation: Psur: Value given by spherometer when place on flat surface. Psph: Value given by spherometer when placed on one of the curved surfaces of the lens. surPspherePP
- 40. A thermometer is an instrument that is used to measure temperature.
- 41. The temperature tells us how hot or cold something is. 33
- 42. Temperature is measured using two scales: Celsius and Fahrenheit. 212100 C F
- 43. Galvanometer • The galvanometer is the "classic" device to measure current • Based on the fact that a wire carrying current in a magnetic field feels a force 43
- 44. • The current flows through a coil in a magnetic field • The coil experiences a torque proportional to current • The movement of the coil is "opposed" by a spring • The deflection of the needle is proportional to current 44 34 35 36
- 45. • Rsh = "shunt" resistance • The current I divides itself between the coil and the shunt – I = IC + Ish • By Ohms's law, Vab = IC RC = Ish Rsh • Ish = IC (RC/Rsh) • I = IC + Ish = IC (1 + RC/Rsh) If RC and Rsh are known, measuring IC is equivalent to measuring I • Furthermore, I is still proportional to IC, which is proportional to the deflection of the needle • Thus, by "switching in" different shunt resistances I can effectively change the "range" of my current measurement 37
- 46. Electrical Measuring Instruments Ammeter 38
- 47. Electrical Measuring Instruments Voltmeter 39
- 48. 40 41 42
- 49. 43 44 45
- 50. 46 47 48
- 51. 43 49 5352 50 51
- 52. REFERENCE BOOKS AUTHOR/PUBLICATION ENGINEERING PHYSICS S S PATEL (ATUL PRAKASHAN) MODERN ENGINEERING PHYSICS A S VASUDEVA ENGINEERING PHYSICS K. RAJGOPALAN
- 53. Image reference links 1. http://www.slideshare.net/stootypal/vernier-caliper 2. http://www.tutorvista.com/content/physics/physics-i/measurement-and- experimentation/vernier-callipers.php 3. To 11) http://i.imgur.com/2QqIQsU.png 12. http://postimg.org/image/56z59zrtp 13. http://postimg.org/image/hkbzgwhi5 14. http://www.muelaner.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Calipers-Bolt2.png 15. http://postimg.org/image/8f3mn1e3h 16. http://i.imgur.com/V5pHuiR.png 17. http://i.imgur.com/7TShrLa.png 18. http://www.technologystudent.com/equip1/microm1.htm 19. http://www.indiastudychannel.com/attachments/Resources/143680-5126-Micrometergauge.jpg 20. http://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/practical/skills/micrometer2.gif 21. http://i.imgur.com/cxlIcvh.png 22. http://www.tutorvista.com/content/physics/physics-i/measurement-and- experimentation/screw-gauge.php 23. http://0801.nccdn.net/1_5/2ff/292/391/dial-calipers.png 24. http://www.pixentral.com/pics/1CpY49KAqUFdhu88HhJTCL87z92J.png 25. http://i.share.pho.to/1b2ffae6_o.png 26. http://i.share.pho.to/dc6d8ee9_l.png 27. http://i.share.pho.to/7891c224_l.png 28. http://i.share.pho.to/38135259_o.png 29. http://i.share.pho.to/cb289234_o.png 30. http://i.share.pho.to/79e115ad_l.png 31. http://www.phys4arab.net/vb/showthread.php?t=30682
- 54. Image reference links 32. http://i.share.pho.to/9e2475b4_o.png 33. http://i.cubeupload.com/ERLcXH.png 34. To 36) http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/galvan.html 37. http://i.cubeupload.com/ERLcXH.png 38. http://i.cubeupload.com/7Kmkuj.png 39. http://i.cubeupload.com/pMmBAH.png 40. http://i.cubeupload.com/Z74xh1.png 41. http://cubeupload.com/im/M19NIc.png 42. http://cubeupload.com/im/CFIlLm.png 43. http://cubeupload.com/im/dk5I7m.png 44. http://i.cubeupload.com/xs7kyV.png 45. http://carcraftstore.com/images/products/thumb/AM3586.jpg 46. http://i.cubeupload.com/2zVJ6H.png 47. http://i.cubeupload.com/5pAyyo.png 48. http://cubeupload.com/im/UlwSGc.png 49. http://i1.olxthailand.com/df/0/ui/post/2014/10/02/8/t/f4c0fe31a19370caec10864f7b35c194.jp eg 50. http://static.coleparmer.com/large_images/90000_53.jpg 51. http://www.entest.net/product_images/j/372/312FC__10343_thumb.jpg 52. http://dicoworldwide.com/picoasi-2.htm 53. http://imgur.com/lj2uzNU
- 55. END