DIPTHERIA.ppt
- 1. Diphtheria Dr. Rachana Choudhary Department of Microbiology Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya Junwani Bhilai
- 2. Introduction It is Caused by Aerobic Gram +ve rods Cornybacterium diphtheria. Exotoxin production only if infected by virus phage infected carrying toxin gene.
- 3. Gram +ve Bacilli and Colonies
- 4. Epidemiology Reservoir Human carriers Usually asymptomatic Transmission Respiratory Skin and fomites rarely Temporal pattern Winter and spring Communicability Up to several weeks without antibiotics
- 5. Clinical Features Incubation period 2-5 days (range, 1-10 days) May involve any mucous membrane Classified based on site of infection Anterior nasal Pharyngeal Tonsillar Laryngeal
- 9. ‘Bull Neck’
- 10. Skin Lesions
- 11. Symptoms
- 12. Diagnosis Culture Fluorescent antibody technique Albert`s staining
- 13. Culture
- 14. Fluorescent Antibody Techniques Figure 18.10a
- 15. Albert staining
- 16. Treatment Penicillin : Procaine penicillin ( 3 – 6 units IM at 12 hourly) Oral penicillin ( 125 – 250 mg units) Erythromycin ( 25 – 30 mg / kg / day ) for 14 days Three negative cultures at 24 hours intervals should be obtained before the patient is declared free of the organism
- 17. Retention of Penicillin G Figure 20.7
- 18. Prevention Vaccination: Immunisation with diphtheria toxoid, combined with tetanus and pertussis toxoid (DTP vaccine), should be given to all children at two, three and four months of age. The child is given a further booster vaccine before leaving school and is then considered to be protected for a further 10 years (16 – 18 years).
- 19. Reference Book Writer Medical Microbiology P. Chakraverti Microbiology Dubey and Maheshwari Immunology Kubey