Direct manipulation versus agents predictables
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The document discusses the debate between direct manipulation interfaces and intelligent agents in computing, highlighting concerns from Shneiderman about the unpredictability and lack of control that agents introduce. Shneiderman critiques the ambiguous definitions of agents and emphasizes the importance of users maintaining responsibility for outcomes. He advocates for direct manipulation approaches that provide predictable, controllable, and comprehensible interfaces, using examples of effective user interface design elements.
Direct manipulation versus agents predictables
- 1. Direct Manipulation Versus Agents: Paths to Predictable, Controllable, and Comprehensible Interfaces By: Aryan Rathore Head Of Aryan Dell Corporation Jaipur Aryan Computer Organization Jaipur Mob:- 8560089002
- 2. • Cautious optimism expressed, Shneiderman, a longtime advocate of direct manipulation, is troubled by the concept of intelligent interfaces in general.
- 3. • First, such a classification limits the imagination • Second, the quality of predictability and control are desirable • Users will have a reduced sense of responsibility for failures… • Machines are not people
- 4. Shneiderman observes that agent proponents have not come up with good definitions of what is and is not an agent. • Is a compiler an agent? • How about an optimizing compiler? • Is a database query an agent? • Is the print monitor an agent? • Is e-mail delivered by an agent? • Is a VCR scheduler an agent?”
- 5. • His examination of the literature reveals six major elements of the agent approach: • Anthropomorphic presentation, • Adaptive behavior, • Acceptance of vague goal specification, • Gives you what you need, • Works while you don’t, • and works where you aren’t
- 6. • The alternative to a vision of computers as intelligent machines is that of predictable and controllable user interfaces, based on direct manipulation of representations of familiar objects.
- 7. His examples (tree maps and dynamic queries) • Informative and continuous feedback, • Meaningful control panels, • Appropriate preference boxes, • User-selectable toolbars, • Rapid menu selection, • Easy-to-create macros, • and comprehensible shortcuts.
- 8. He argues, rather than vague visions of intelligent machines, these will allow users to specify computer actions rapidly, accurately, and confidently.
Editor's Notes
- #6: Anthropomorphic:Having human characteristics