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Discovering	value	through	
customer	interviews	
Annu	Augustine	
Scrum	Gathering	-	2019	
@annua
Agenda	
•  Introduction	to	Product	Discovery	
•  Interview	Preparation	
•  During	interview	–	Active	Listening	
•  Synthesizing	interview	results	
2
3
4	
What	is	Product	Discovery?
5	
Product	
Discovery	
Product	
Delivery	
Building	it	
	
Goal:	
Ship	fast	
	
•  Annual	Releases	
•  Quarterly	Releases	
•  Monthly	Releases	
•  Weekly	Releases	
•  Daily	Releases	
•  Continuous	Integration	
Deciding	what	to	build	
	
Goal:	
Learn	fast	
	
•  Are	we	meeting	stakeholder	
needs?	
•  Can	customers	use	it?	
•  Do	customers	want	our	
solution?	
•  Are	we	solving	a	problem	
customers	care	about?	
•  Are	we	driving	toward	a	
desired	outcome?
6	
Exercise	
You	work	at	Netflix	and	you	are	responsible	for	
growing	viewer	engagement	in	emerging	
markets.	The	engagement	is	low	and	you	have	
been	tasked	with	increasing	the	engagement	
levels.	
	
Formulate	the	customer	interview	questions.
7	
Research	questions	
What	we	need	to	learn	
Interview	questions	
What	we	ask	to	elicit	stories	that	illustrate	what	we	want	to	learn
8	
Why	are	your	research	
questions	not	your	interview	
questions?
9	
Interview	questions	
Research	Questions	 Interview	questions	
What	keeps	people	
engaging	today?	
	
Tell	me	about	the	last	time	you	
watched	Netflix.	
		
Listen	for:	
		
•  When	/	where	did	they	watch?	
•  How	did	it	fit	within	their	day?	
•  How	much	time	did	they	have	to	
watch?	
•  What	triggered	the	session?	
•  What	interrupts	or	interferes	with	
the	experience?
10	
Interview	questions	
Research	Questions	 Interview	questions	
What	prevents	people	from	
engaging	today?	
	
Walk	me	through	your	day.	Start	with	
the	moment	you	woke	up.	
		
Listen	for:	
		
•  What	are	they	doing	for	
entertainment	now?	
•  Are	there	gaps	in	their	day	where	
they	could	watch	more	
entertainment?	
•  Is	there	friction	in	the	way	they	
watch	entertainment	today?
11	
Exercise	
Read	through	the	following	scenario	and	define	both	
your	research	questions	and	your	single	interview	
question	to	elicit	an	appropriate	story.	Be	explicit	
about	what	you	are	listening	for	in	your	stories.	
	
You	work	at	Facebook	and	are	tasked	with	increasing	
the	number	of	people	who	use	Facebook	Messenger.	
You	have	interviews	lined	up	with	both	people	who	
often	use	Facebook	Messenger	and	people	who	never	
use	Facebook	Messenger
12	
Interview
13	
You	Aren’t	as	Good	of	a	Listener	as	You	Think	You	Are	
Illusory	superiority	bias
14	
We	only	remember	
25	–	50%	of	what	
we	hear
Why?	
•  Tune	out	of	certain	types	of	communications	
•  We	like	to	talk	about	ourselves	
•  Don’t	like	speaker	of	the	topic	
•  Easily	distracted	by	the	pace	of	life	
	
15
16	
Selective	listening	vs	Active	listening
Active	Listening	is	Strenuous	
•  Know	the	person	you	are	meeting	with	
•  Cultivate	the	right	frame	of	mind	
•  Pay	attention	to	your	mood	and	energy	
•  Suspend	judgment	and	your	ego	
•  Get	comfortable	with	silence	
17
Tips	during	interview	
•  Let	go	of	what	you	want	to	learn	
•  Don’t	let	your	mind	wander	
•  Don’t	interrupt	
•  Encourage	participant	to	share	more	
•  Ask	open-ended	questions	
•  Confirm	by	parroting	back	
•  Use	note-taking	as	a	listening	tool	
	
18
Best	Practices	for	interviews	
•  Ask	“Why”	–	A	lot!	
•  Ask	for	examples	
•  Focus	on	actual	behavior,	not	
speculative	or	abstract	feelings	
•  Awkward	silence	is	your	strategic	friend	
•  Listen,	don’t	talk!	
19
20	
Interview
Interview	Snapshot	
21	
	
“Their	recommendations	are	certainly	on	the	low	end	of	plausible.	
You	would	think	with	the	billions	of	dollars	spent,	you	would	get	
something	close	to	what	you	like	after	watching	what	you	watch.	”	
Quick	Facts:	
●  In	her	mid	30s	
●  Signed	up	for	
Netflix	for	
over	a	year	
●  Spends	2	–	3	
hours	on	
Netflix	weekly	
●  Watches	on	
iPad	and	
phone	
Insights:	
•  She	has	watched	
Netflix	at	the	airport	
	
•  She	downloads	movies	
before	she	travels	
•  She	likes	watching	
with	her	daughter	
	
•  She	also	has	DSTV	but	
never	watches	it	
	
Opportunities:	
	
“I	want	to	be	able	to	share	
with	my	friends	what	I	
watch.”	
	
“I	wish	I	got	a	warning	when	
a	series	is	about	to	expire.”	
	
“I	am	trying	to	restrict	my	
kids	watching	too	much	
Netflix.”	
Alexandra	Simmins
Interview	Snapshot	
22	
	
“A	memorable	quote	that	builds	empathy	and	helps	you	
remember	the	emotion	and	stories	shared	in	this	interview.”	
Quick	Facts:	
Insights:	
	
Opportunities:	
	“I	want	to	be	able	to	…”	
●  “I’m	trying	to	…”	
●  “I	wish	I	could	…”	
●  “I	do	this	every	day	…”	
<Name	of	person>	
	
<Photo>
23	
Recommended	Reading:	
Teresa	Torres		https://
www.producttalk.org/
annua@nedrock.com	
24	
Thank	you!	
@annua

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Discovering Value Through Customer Interviews