DM_1309.ppt engineering mechanical engineering
- 1. 1 1 DRILL OF THE MONTH DRILL OF THE MONTH HYBRID VEHICLES HYBRID VEHICLES
- 2. 2 2 WHAT IS A HYBRID VEHICLE? WHAT IS A HYBRID VEHICLE? Any vehicle which combines two or more Any vehicle which combines two or more sources of power. sources of power. Examples: Examples: Diesel – electric Diesel – electric Nuclear – electric Nuclear – electric Gasoline - electric Gasoline - electric
- 3. 3 3 HYBRID STRUCTURE HYBRID STRUCTURE The two power sources found in hybrid The two power sources found in hybrid vehicles may be combined in different vehicles may be combined in different ways, either in parallel or series ways, either in parallel or series Either one will allow the gasoline engine Either one will allow the gasoline engine to shut down when it is not needed. to shut down when it is not needed.
- 4. 4 4 PARALLEL HYBRID PARALLEL HYBRID Gasoline motor Gasoline motor Batteries which Batteries which powers an electric powers an electric motor motor Both can power the Both can power the transmission at the transmission at the same time same time Electric motor Electric motor supplements the supplements the gasoline engine gasoline engine
- 5. 5 5 SERIES HYBRID SERIES HYBRID Gasoline motor turns Gasoline motor turns a generator a generator Generator may either Generator may either charge the batteries charge the batteries or power an electric or power an electric motor that drives the motor that drives the transmission transmission At low speeds is At low speeds is powered only by the powered only by the electric motor electric motor
- 6. 6 6 HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS SYSTEMS Power for the electric motor is supplied Power for the electric motor is supplied by high-voltage nickel-metal hydride by high-voltage nickel-metal hydride battery battery Batteries for all hybrids are produced by Batteries for all hybrids are produced by Panasonic EV Energy in Japan Panasonic EV Energy in Japan Voltage ranges from 144 volts to 650 Voltage ranges from 144 volts to 650 volts of DC current volts of DC current
- 7. 7 7 HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS SYSTEMS High voltage wiring may color coded High voltage wiring may color coded orange, bright blue or even yellow orange, bright blue or even yellow Batteries vary in design, however, all Batteries vary in design, however, all incorporate individual cells connected incorporate individual cells connected to one another to one another
- 8. 8 8 HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
- 9. 9 9 BATTERIES BATTERIES Individual cells originally contained liquid Individual cells originally contained liquid potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide The liquid is almost totally absorbed by The liquid is almost totally absorbed by the paper membranes inside each cell of the paper membranes inside each cell of the battery the battery Because the liquid is absorbed these Because the liquid is absorbed these batteries are considered “dry cell” batteries are considered “dry cell” batteries batteries
- 11. 11 11 HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS SYSTEMS Batteries are usually located in the rear Batteries are usually located in the rear of the vehicle under the floor of the of the vehicle under the floor of the trunk or under the rear seat. trunk or under the rear seat. The wiring harness from the batteries The wiring harness from the batteries usually runs below the floorpan of the usually runs below the floorpan of the vehicle about one foot in from the vehicle about one foot in from the driver’s side of the vehicle. driver’s side of the vehicle.
- 12. 12 12 HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
- 13. 13 13 BATTERY RECHARGING BATTERY RECHARGING The Ni-MH batteries are recharged through The Ni-MH batteries are recharged through a process call regenerative braking a process call regenerative braking Regenerative braking takes energy from Regenerative braking takes energy from the forward momentum of the vehicle and the forward momentum of the vehicle and captures it while coasting or braking. captures it while coasting or braking. Occasionally batteries are recharged by the Occasionally batteries are recharged by the electric motor electric motor
- 14. 14 14 THE “SILENT” HYBRID THE “SILENT” HYBRID Most gasoline Most gasoline engines in hybrids engines in hybrids will shut off when not will shut off when not needed – i.e. when needed – i.e. when stopped in traffic stopped in traffic Most hybrids have an Most hybrids have an indicator light which indicator light which may alert individuals may alert individuals to the status of the to the status of the vehicle vehicle
- 15. 15 15 THE “SILENT” HYBRID THE “SILENT” HYBRID When the vehicle is in this silent mode it When the vehicle is in this silent mode it may “awaken” without notice may “awaken” without notice Chocking the wheels is critical to Chocking the wheels is critical to responder safety responder safety
- 16. 16 16 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FIRES FIRES Vehicle fires can be handled following Vehicle fires can be handled following normal vehicle firefighting procedures normal vehicle firefighting procedures Crews should not be shocked, even if Crews should not be shocked, even if flames are impinging on the battery flames are impinging on the battery pack itself pack itself Virtually all fires involving Ni-MH Virtually all fires involving Ni-MH batteries can be controlled with water batteries can be controlled with water
- 17. 17 17 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Ni – MH BATTERY PACK Ni – MH BATTERY PACK PHYSICAL DAMAGE PHYSICAL DAMAGE High-voltage circuits are color-coded either High-voltage circuits are color-coded either orange, bright blue or yellow orange, bright blue or yellow Never disassemble or remove the metal cover Never disassemble or remove the metal cover of the high-voltage battery pack of the high-voltage battery pack DC current is normally isolated from any DC current is normally isolated from any contact with the vehicle itself – theoretically in contact with the vehicle itself – theoretically in order to receive a shock you would have to order to receive a shock you would have to physically contact two separate points within physically contact two separate points within the high-voltage system at the same time the high-voltage system at the same time
- 18. 18 18 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Ni – MH BATTERY PACK Ni – MH BATTERY PACK PHYSICAL DAMAGE PHYSICAL DAMAGE If the high-voltage cables running If the high-voltage cables running under the vehicle were damaged the under the vehicle were damaged the high-voltage battery is designed short high-voltage battery is designed short circuit. circuit. This short circuit would de-energize the This short circuit would de-energize the entire high-voltage battery circuit entire high-voltage battery circuit
- 19. 19 19 HYBRID VEHICLES – CRASH HYBRID VEHICLES – CRASH PROCEDURES PROCEDURES Hybrid vehicle identification Hybrid vehicle identification Vehicle stabilization Vehicle stabilization Access to the passenger compartment Access to the passenger compartment Shift gear selector lever (to park) Shift gear selector lever (to park) Turn the key “OFF” and remove it from the Turn the key “OFF” and remove it from the ignition ignition Check that the “ready” indicator light is out Check that the “ready” indicator light is out Disconnect the 12-volt battery. Disconnect the 12-volt battery.
- 20. 20 20 HYBRID VEHICLES – OTHER HYBRID VEHICLES – OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS A rear-end collision would destroy the most A rear-end collision would destroy the most obvious hybrid vehicle logos obvious hybrid vehicle logos • Indicator light on the dash would help identify Indicator light on the dash would help identify • Vented c-pillar on older hybrids Vented c-pillar on older hybrids • Orange wiring under the hood Orange wiring under the hood If the high-voltage battery is severely damaged If the high-voltage battery is severely damaged it should be considered a hazmat incident it should be considered a hazmat incident • This is not true, the total amount of liquid originally placed This is not true, the total amount of liquid originally placed in the batteries is only around 6 oz.; this is almost totally in the batteries is only around 6 oz.; this is almost totally absorbed by the paper membranes in the cells absorbed by the paper membranes in the cells
- 21. 21 21 HYBRID VEHICLES – OTHER HYBRID VEHICLES – OTHER CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS
- 22. 22 22 KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS Convenience of push button start Convenience of push button start Systems are designed to deter theft and Systems are designed to deter theft and break-ins break-ins Utilize key fobs which contain a chip Utilize key fobs which contain a chip with an ID code that the vehicle must with an ID code that the vehicle must recognize recognize The key fob must be in the vehicle in The key fob must be in the vehicle in order for the car to start order for the car to start
- 23. 23 23 KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS What do we do in an emergency? What do we do in an emergency? Place the vehicle in Park and press the Place the vehicle in Park and press the start/stop or power button. start/stop or power button. If possible remove the key fob from the If possible remove the key fob from the interior of the vehicle – this may be difficult interior of the vehicle – this may be difficult since it may be in a purse or pants pocket. This since it may be in a purse or pants pocket. This will prevent the car from being powered up if will prevent the car from being powered up if the low voltage system cannot be secured. the low voltage system cannot be secured. Disconnect the low voltage battery per Disconnect the low voltage battery per department policy. department policy.
- 24. 24 24 COMMON MEANS OF COMMON MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION IDENTIFICATION
- 25. 25 25 COMMON MEANS OF COMMON MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION IDENTIFICATION
- 26. 26 26 COMMON MEANS OF COMMON MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION IDENTIFICATION
- 27. 27 27 WHO’S MAKING HYBRIDS WHO’S MAKING HYBRIDS NOW? NOW? Honda Honda • Accord Accord • Civic Civic • Insight Insight Toyota Toyota • Prius Prius • Camry Camry • Highlander Highlander Ford Ford • Escape Escape Mazda Mazda • Tribute Tribute Saturn Saturn • Vue Vue Lexus Lexus • RX 400h SUV RX 400h SUV • GS 450h GS 450h • LS 600h L LS 600h L Mercury Mercury • Mariner SUV Mariner SUV Dodge Dodge • Ram – contractor’s edition Ram – contractor’s edition General Motors General Motors • Silverado and Sierra Silverado and Sierra • Malibu Malibu • Tahoe/Yukon Tahoe/Yukon Nissan Nissan • Altima Altima • Versa Versa
- 28. 28 28 WHAT’S IN STORE FOR THE WHAT’S IN STORE FOR THE FUTURE? FUTURE? Toyota Sienna minivan Toyota Sienna minivan Chrysler Aspen Chrysler Aspen Cadillac Escalade Cadillac Escalade Dodge Durango Dodge Durango Porsche Cayenne Porsche Cayenne BMW X6 BMW X6 Hyundai Accent Hyundai Accent Mercedes Benz S400 Mercedes Benz S400
- 29. 29 29 SUMMARY SUMMARY Due to the proliferation of hybrid vehicles Due to the proliferation of hybrid vehicles on the road today, responders must be on the road today, responders must be familiar with how these vehicles operate, familiar with how these vehicles operate, and how to handle an emergency which and how to handle an emergency which involves one of these vehicles. involves one of these vehicles. Additionally, responders must stay up-to- Additionally, responders must stay up-to- date with current vehicle technology, as date with current vehicle technology, as it is continuously changing. it is continuously changing.