DNA Function and Structure Notes
- 2. What is DNAWhat is DNA DNA is found in the cells of all livingDNA is found in the cells of all living things.things. DNA contains all of the genetic informationDNA contains all of the genetic information that makes you who you are and everythat makes you who you are and every individual organism has unique DNA like aindividual organism has unique DNA like a finger print.finger print. All humans share 99.9% the same DNAAll humans share 99.9% the same DNA
- 3. Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids Function of DNAFunction of DNA –– Store and transmit hereditary informationStore and transmit hereditary information DNA stands for– Deoxyribose nucleic acidDNA stands for– Deoxyribose nucleic acid
- 4. DNADNA GeneGene – is a region of– is a region of DNA that codes for aDNA that codes for a specific trait.specific trait. ExampleExample Blue eyesBlue eyes Brown hairBrown hair Skin colorSkin color
- 5. DNADNA GenomeGenome -- is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes.
- 6. DNADNA DNA is made out ofDNA is made out of 22 long chains oflong chains of nucleotides.nucleotides. Nucleotides are madeNucleotides are made out of 3 moleculesout of 3 molecules.. 1. deoxyribose –1. deoxyribose – sugar moleculesugar molecule 2. phosphate group –2. phosphate group – contains phosphatecontains phosphate (P)(P)
- 7. DNADNA 3. nitrogen-containing3. nitrogen-containing base – containsbase – contains nitrogen (N)nitrogen (N) Adenine (A)Adenine (A) Guanine (G)Guanine (G) Cytosine (C)Cytosine (C) Thymine (T)Thymine (T) The nitrogen baseThe nitrogen base gives a nucleotide itsgives a nucleotide its name.name.
- 8. Structure of a DNA NucleotideStructure of a DNA Nucleotide
- 9. DNA Nucleotide StructureDNA Nucleotide Structure Since all 4Since all 4 nucleotides (A, T, C,nucleotides (A, T, C, G) are made out ofG) are made out of the same three thingsthe same three things (sugar, phosphate,(sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base),and nitrogen base), nucleotides arenucleotides are named by theirnamed by their nitrogen base.nitrogen base.
- 10. DNADNA The DNA molecule model was proposedThe DNA molecule model was proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick.by James Watson and Francis Crick.
- 11. Double HelixDouble Helix The sugar and phosphateThe sugar and phosphate make up the backbone ofmake up the backbone of DNA and the nitrogenDNA and the nitrogen bases make up the insidebases make up the inside rungs (like a ladder)rungs (like a ladder) Complementary BaseComplementary Base Pairing: certain basesPairing: certain bases (nucleotides) always(nucleotides) always pair with each otherpair with each other A with TA with T G with CG with C