Tricky math puzzle project report
- 1. SUBMITTED BY- Team #NoFrazzle 1. Md Sanzidul Islam 151-15- 5223 2. Farhan Tawsif Chowdhury 151-15- 4705 3. Nazmul Ahsan 151-15- 4668 4. Md. Mahbubur Rahman 151-15- 4761 5. Sadia Sultana Sharmin Mousumi 151- 15-5191 SUBMITTED TO- Ms. Bashira Akter Anima Lecturer, Dep. Of CSE, Daffodil International UniversityDate of Submission: 18th December, 2016 PROJECT REPORT ON “TRICKY MATH PUZZLE” COURSE: MICROPROCESSOR &ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE COURSE CODE: CSE 231
- 2. Abstract & Hints: The purposeof this projectis to design and build a math puzzlegame that will give user the experience of solving various tricky math puzzlethrough gaming. This was achieved through severalsteps. In background, weused programming language Assembly. Instructions likeconditions, loops, call procedure& various types of registers and their uses, whatwe learned throughoutour courses. What is assembly language? An assembly languageis a programming language that can be used to directly tell the computer what to do. An assembly language is almostexactly like the machine language that a computer can understand, except that it uses words in place of numbers. A computer cannot really understand an assembly program directly. However, it can easily change the programinto machine code by replacing the words of the programwith the numbers that they stand for. A programthat does that is called an assembler. Programs written in assembly language are usually made of instructions, which are small tasks that the computer performs when it is running the program. They are called instructions because the programmer uses them to instruct the computer whatto do. The part of the computer that follows the instructions is the processor. Theassembly language of a computer is a low-level language, which means that it can only be used to do the simple tasks that a computer can understand directly. In order to performmore complex tasks, onemust tell the computer each of the simple tasks that are part of the complex task. For example, a computer does not understand how to printa sentence on its screen. Instead, a programwritten in assembly must tell it how to do all of the small steps that are involved in printing the sentence. Strengthof assembly language:
- 3. 1. The symbolic programming of Assembly Languageis easier to understand and saves a lot of time and effortof the programmer. 2. Itis easier to correct errors and modify programinstructions. 3. Assembly Languagehas the sameefficiency of execution as the machine level language. Because this is one-to-onetranslator between assembly language programand its corresponding machinelanguage program. Disadvantages of assembly language: 1. One of the major disadvantages is that assembly language is machine dependent. A programwritten for one computer might not run in other computers with different hardwareconfiguration. Project Description&Demo: When we startthe game “Tricky Math Puzzle” we will have a POP-Up window showing this menu. The firstthree options in this menu is our game segments.
- 4. If you chooseoption 1. you will get enter into math teaser game segment. In math teaser segment we put somediscretional tricky mathematical question as like puzzle. Something like this, Here we have multiple choice option. Herethe correctanswer is number two (2). So you have to input number two (2) fromyour key board. Thus you will get your correctanswer and your point one (1) which we will be regarded for each correct answer. Whether you give the right or the wrong answer you will automatically have the next puzzleafter answering previous one. Becauseof we are in the developing state of our game so we justput five puzzles into firsttwo segments. Farther puzzlewill be coming soon. When you will be able to answer all this five question you will get all the points and encouraged to go into our next segment which is sequence and assumption. This is the choice number two on the game menu. In this segment the gamer will have to face some sortof sequentially math puzzle.
- 5. So here this is the sample of a question. You have to give your assumption to complete the sequence. So we can see this is a Fibonacci series and complete the sequence the answer will be number three (3) and you will have your point. The third or final segment of our game is the mostinteresting one. Here we test our player assumption skill. You will be asked to guess and input 3 digits. In programlogic unit it automatically generate 3 randomdigits and compare/match with your imputed digits. If 1 digit will match, you will get 100$.If 2 digitwill match, you will get 1000$. If 3 digit will match, you will get 10000$.Herewecan see 1 digit will match and he/she get 100$. If anyonecan play again you press 1. If the gamer need any help he justhaveto get into choice 4 for help like how to operate this game, how to operate this menu and how to play this game whatI justmention above. If you wantto exit you justpress 5.
- 8. Background of Project: Conditional execution in assembly language is accomplished by severallooping and branching instructions. Theseinstructions can change the flow of control in a program. Conditionalexecution is observed in two scenarios − SN Conditional Instructions 1 Unconditional jump This is performed by the JMP instruction. Conditional execution often involves a transfer of control to the address of an instruction that does not follow the currently executing instruction. Transfer of control may be forward, to execute a new set of instructions or backward, to re- execute the samesteps.
- 9. 2 Conditional jump This is performed by a set of jump instructions j<condition> (i.e. JNZ, JE, JG etc.) depending upon the condition. The conditional instructions transfer the control by breaking the sequential flow and they do it by changing the offsetvalue in IP. Let us discuss theCMP instruction beforediscussing the conditional instructions. CMP Instruction: The CMP instruction compares two operands. Itis generally used in conditional execution. This instruction basically subtracts oneoperand fromthe other for comparing whether the operands are equal or not. Itdoes not disturb the destination or sourceoperands. Itis used along with the conditional jump instruction for decision making. Syntax CMP destination, source CMP compares two numeric data fields. The destination operand could be either in register or in memory. The sourceoperand could be a constant (immediate) data, register or memory. JMP Instructions: The JMP (Jump)instruction causes an unconditional transfer of control (unconditional jump). Such an instruction transfers the flow of execution by changing the instruction pointer register. There are several different opcodes that performa jump; depending on whether the processor is in real mode or protected mode, and an overrideinstruction is used, the instructions may take 16- bit, 32-bit, or segment: offsetpointers. The syntax is,
- 10. JMP destination Where destination is usually a label in the samesegment as the JMP itself. JMP can be used to get around the range restriction of a conditional jump. Conditional Jump: If somespecified condition is satisfied in conditional jump, the controlflow is transferred to a target instruction. There are numerous conditional jump instructions depending upon the condition and data. For an example, CMP AL, BL JE EQUAL CMP AL, BH JE EQUAL CMP AL, CL JE EQUAL NON_EQUAL: ... EQUAL:... Use of CMP and JMP instruction in our project: MOV AH,1 ; MENU CHOICE INT21H MOV CHOOSE,AL CMP AL,'1' JE MATH_TEASER
- 11. CMP AL,'2' JE SEQUENCES CMP AL,'3' JE ASSUME_SKILL CMP AL,'4' JE HELP CMP AL,'5' JE EXIT Loop Instructions: A loop is a sequence of instructions that is repeated. The number of times to repeat may be known in advance, or it may depend on conditions. FORLOOP: This is a loop structurein which the loop statements are repeated a known number of times (a count-controlled loop). In pseudocodes, FORloop_ counttimes DO Statements END_FOR The LOOP instruction can be used to implement a FOR loop. Ithas the form, LOOP destination_ label WHILELOOP: This loop depends on a condition. In pseudocode, WHILEcondition DO
- 12. Statements END WHILE REPEAT LOOP: Another conditional loop is the REPEAT LOOP. In pseudocode, REPEAT Statements UNTIL condition Use of Loop instructions in our project: MOV CX,3 MOV BL,'0‘ AGAIN: MOV AH,1 INT21H CMP AL,RANDOMNUM1 JE MATCH CMP AL, RANDOMNUM2 JE MATCH CMP AL, RANDOMNUM3 JE MATCH LOOP AGAIN JMP RESULT MATCH: INC BL
- 13. LOOP AGAIN RESULT: Procedures: Procedures or subroutines are very important in assembly language, as the assembly language programs tend to be large in size. Procedures are identified by a name. Following this name, the body of the procedure is described which performs a well-defined job. End of the procedure is indicated by a return statement. Following is the syntax to define a procedure − proc_name: procedurebody ... ret The procedureis called fromanother function by using the CALL instruction. The CALL instruction should havethe name of the called procedureas an argument as shown below − CALL proc_name The called procedurereturns the controlto the calling procedureby using the RET instruction. Use of CALL PROC in our project: NEW_LINEPROC ; NEW LINEPRINTPROCEDURE MOV AH,2 MOV DL,0AH
- 14. INT21H MOV DL,0DH INT21H RET …………………………………………. CALL NEW_LINE INT10h: INT10h, INT10H or INT16 is shorthand for BIOS interruptcall 10hex, the 17th interrupt vector in an x86-based computer system. TheBIOS typically sets up a real mode interrupt handler at this vector that provides video services. Such services include setting the video mode, character and string output, and graphics primitives (reading and writing pixels in graphics mode). To use this call, load AH with the number of the desired sub function, load other required parameters in other registers, and make the call. INT10h is slow, so many programs bypass this BIOS routineand access the display hardwaredirectly. Setting the video mode, which is done infrequently, can be accomplished by using the BIOS, whiledrawing graphics on the screen in a game needs to be done quickly, so direct access to video RAM is moreappropriate than making a BIOS call for every pixel. Function: Scroll up window AH=06h AL = lines to scroll(0 = clear, CH, CL, DH, DL are used), BH = Background Color and Foreground color. BH = 43h, means that background color is red and foreground color is cyan. Refer the BIOS color attributes
- 15. CH = Upper row number, CL = Left column number, DH = Lower row number, DL = Right column number. Clear screen procedure: CLRSCR PROC ; CLEAR SCREEN PROCEDURE MOV AX,0600H ;06 TO SCROLL & 00 FORFULL CLEAR SCREEN MOV BH,07H ;ATTRIBUTE0 FORBACKGROUND AND 7 FOR FOREGROUND MOV CX,0000H ;STARTING COORDINATES MOV DX,184FH ;ENDING COORDINATES INT10H ;FOR VIDEO DISPLAY RET Function of INT1Ah: 1Ah Real Time Clock Services AH Description 00h Read RTC 01h Set RTC 02h Read RTC Time 03h Set RTC Time 04h Read RTC Date 05h Set RTC Date 06h Set RTC Alarm 07h Reset RTC Alarm
- 16. Random no generate procedureusing 00h: RANDOMPROC ; GENERATE A RANDOMNO USING THE SYSTEMTIME MOV AH, 00h ; INTERRRUPTS TO GET SYSTEM TIME INT1AH ; CX:DX NOW HOLD NUMBER OF CLOCK TICKS SINCE MIDNIGHT MOV AX, DX XOR DX, DX MOV CX, 10 DIV CX ; HERE DX CONTAINS THEREMINDEROF THE DIVISIONFROM 0 TO 9 ADD DL,'0' ; TO ASCII FROM'0'TO '9' MOV BL,DL RET Project showing/ Interface: Tricky math puzzleis a game made by assembly language. We made it with a lucrative interface as wecould. Actually, assembly language doesn’t give as opportunities as any other high level languages. After all, our game had very user friendly interface wethink. In addition- For being in assembly languageits procedureis so speedy.
- 17. Though it is a small project, but we tried to make it bug free. And we also confidently say that is has no bug in our game! It’s an interesting game, no doubt! Is has three segments full of enjoyment. Itcan be said a brain game. We tried to make it logical so that one can stormhis/ her brain through our game. Future Planning: Actually, wemade it in very shorttime. Though we full filled all of our expectations, we have somefuture plan about our game. We may develop it by any other high level language like C++/Java or with Unity. The features may have in our next version like bellow- A significant partof gaming is its graphics quality. So, we musthave a lucrative graphicalinterface. Now artificial interface is a hot cake in gaming world. We will try to add AI features in our next version. We may add many more segments and events in our game. We may develop morestages and will update everything day by day. ------- Thank you! -------