The document discusses the difference between "doing Agile" and truly "being Agile". It argues that simply following Agile processes is not enough and organizations need to embrace an Agile mindset to succeed. This involves basing work on the Agile Manifesto, lean thinking, collaboration, continual improvement and focusing on root causes rather than band-aids. Common barriers to being Agile include dysfunctional product ownership, lack of testing and training, inability to change culture and going through the motions without understanding why.