Doing development oriented agronomy
- 1. Assignment Topic DOING DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED AGRONOMY Submitted by Muhammad Habib Ullah 2015-ag-7783 Submitted To Dr. Masood Awan Shb
- 2. What is Agriculture? Agriculture is the science, Business and art of cultivating plants and livestock.Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. The history of agriculture began thousands of years ago. After gathering wild grains beginning at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers began to plant them around 11,500 years ago. Pigs, sheep and cattle were domesticated over 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world.
- 3. What is Agronomy? The word Agronomy has been derived from the two Greek words, agros and nomos having the meaning of field and to manage. Agronomy is defined as “a branch of agricultural science which deals with principles and practices of field crop production and management of soil for higher productivity
- 4. Pakistan’s agriculture sector plays a central role in the economy as it contributes 18.9% to GDP and absorbs 42.3% of labor force. Where agronomy play an important role in Pakistan economy. It is also an important source of foreign exchange earnings and stimulates growth in other sectors. The government is focusing on supporting small and marginalized farmers and promote small scale innovative technologies to promote growth in this sector. According to the 6th Population and Housing Census of Pakistan 2017-20, the country’s population is growing at the rate of 2.4 percent per annum. This rapid increase in population is raising demand for agricultural products. The present government is focused on developing this sector. DOING DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED AGRONOMY
- 5. During 2017-19, agriculture sector recorded a remarkable growth of 3.81% and surpassed its targeted growth of 3.5% and last year’s growth of 2.07%. The Agronomy sector performed well and witnessed a growth rate of 3.83% against the last year’s growth of 0.91%. The growth in sub sectors, important crops, other crops and cotton ginning registered a significant growth of 3.57%, 3.33% and 8.72%,.respectively, against last year’s growth of 2.18%, 2.66% and 5.58% respectively. Major Kharif crops such as sugarcane and rice surpassed their production targets during 2017-18 by recording growth of 7.45% and 8.65%. respectively, while cotton crop production managed to exceed last year’s production level by recording growth of 11.85%. Wheat and maize crop production remained subdued, as it witnessed decline of 4.43% and 7.04%, respectively. Other crops having share of 10.80% in agriculture value addition and 2.04% in GDP. Performance of Agriculture & Agronomy During 2017-19
- 6. HOW AGRONOMY DOING DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED? Agronomy is not just about the art of managing soils and crops but it also play a important role in developing a nation or country. In Next slides we discuss How agronomy doing development in Pakistan. In next slides we discuss how agronomy plays its important role in Pakistan economy and national development. All major and minor crops which are cash or important crop for Human and animals food, all crops comes in Agronomy. Factors which is play its roles in agronomy for developing a nation, we discuss in next slides.
- 7. Factors of Developing nation Different factors of Agronomy plays its important roles in developing a nation. We Discuss some factors which play its role on developing of Pakistan. 1. Crops of Agronomy 2. Contribution to Foreign Exchange Resources 3. Raw material for industries 4. Role of industries in Pakistan 5. Source of employment
- 8. Conti… 06. Food requirement 07. Experts 08. Modern Agronomy 09. Rural poverty Decreased 10. Banking Sector Factors of Developing nation
- 9. Crops of Agronomy Cotton Sugarcane Wheat Rice Maize Other crops(gram, Bajra, Jowar , Mustard) Oilseed
- 10. Cotton
- 11. Cotton During 2017-18, cotton production is 11.935 million bales and recorded growth of 11.8 percent over the production of 10.671 million bales during same period last year. Cotton crop has 1.0 percent share in GDP and contributes 5.5 percent in agriculture value addition. Cotton crop was cultivated on an area of 2,699 thousand hectares compared to last year’s area of 2,489 thousand hectares, showing an increase of 8.4 percent. The production increased due to better economic returns received during last year. Pakistan is World’s 4th largest producer of the Cotton. Pakistan is 3rd largest exporter of cotton.
- 12. Sugarcane
- 13. Sugarcane Sugarcane is high value cash crop of Pakistan and is significantly important for sugar and sugar related industries in the national economy. It provides raw material for Sugar industry. After textile it is the 2nd largest Agronomical industry of Pakistan. During 2017-18, the sugarcane crop production is 81.102 million tones showing an increase of 7.4 percent over the last year’s production of 75.482 tones which comfortably exceeded the target of 70.3 million tones by a considerable margin of 15.4 percent. Its production accounts 3.6 percent in agriculture’s value addition and 0.7 percent in overall GDP.
- 14. Conti… Sugarcane crop was cultivated on an area of 1,313 thousand hectares compared to last year’s area of 1,218 thousand hectares witnessed an increase of 7.8 percent. The sugarcane production increased due to increase in area sown as good economic return. The yield of sugarcane during last five year given in table. Sugarcane
- 15. Wheat
- 16. During 2017-18, Wheat crop was cultivated on an area of 8,734 thousand hectares showing a decrease of 2.6 percent compared to 8,972 thousand hectares during the corresponding period last year. Wheat production is 25.492 million tones during 2017-18 recording a decline of 4.4 percent over the production of 26.674 million tones last year. Wheat accounts for 9.1% of the value added in agriculture and 1.7% of GDP of Pakistan. The position over the last five years given in the table in next slide. Wheat
- 17. Wheat
- 18. Rice
- 19. In Pakistan, Rice is an important food as well as cash crop. After wheat, it is the second main staple food crop and second major exportable crop after cotton. During 2017-18, area cultivated under rice crop has increased by 6.4% to 2,899 thousand hectares compared to 2,724 thousand hectares of the corresponding period of last year. The production of rice reached historically high level of 7,442 thousand tones against the production of 6,849 thousand tones and recorded an increase of 8.7% over production of last year. Rice accounts for 3.1% in the value added in agriculture and 0.6% of GDP. Pakistan exports 3.75 million tons. The area, production and yield of rice in last five years are shown in Table in next slide. Rice
- 20. Rice
- 21. Maize
- 22. During 2017-18, maize crop was cultivated on an area of 1,229 thousand hectares and witnessed decline of 8.8 percent over last year’s cultivated area of 1,348 thousand hectares. Maize crop production recorded a decline of 7.0% as its production stood at 5.702 million tones compared to the last year’s production of 6.134 million tones. Maize contributes 2.4% value added in agriculture and 0.5% to GDP. The position is presented in Table in next slide. Maize
- 23. Maize
- 24. Other Crops
- 25. Gram is the largest Rabi pulse crop, accounting for 76% of total production of pulses in the country and occupies about 5% of cropped area. During 2017-18, gram production witnessed an increase of 3% on account of increase in area sown and favorable weather condition prevalent at the time of sowing. The production of Bajra, Jowar and Rapeseed & Mustard witnessed increase of 9.8%, 4.1% and 0.1%, respectively. The production of Barley has recorded a decline of 0.3% in production during 2017-18. The area and production of other crops are given in Table. Other Crops
- 26. Oilseeds
- 27. The major oilseed crops grown in the country include Sunflower, Canola, Rapeseed/Mustard and Cotton. Total availability of edible oils during 2016-17 remained at 3.623 million tones of which local production contributed 0.431 million tones (12%) and the import share of edible oil/oilseeds was 3.191 million tones (88%). The import bill of edible oil during 2016-17 was Rs 320.893 billion (US$ 3.063 billion). During 2017-18 (July-February), 1.944 million tons of edible oil worth Rs 155.278 billion (US$ 1.453 billion) has been imported. Local production of edible oil during 2017-18 (July February) is provisionally estimated at 0.503 million tones. Oilseeds
- 28. Total availability of edible oil from all sources is provisionally estimated at 2.447 million tones during 2017-18 (July February). The area and production of oilseed crops during 2016-17 and 2017-18 is given in table. Oilseeds
- 29. Role of Industries in Pakistan
- 31. Cotton is the major crop which is used as raw material for these industries for production purpose. In economic development textile industries plays very important role. These industries totally dependent on agronomy production in raw form. Further these products are exported to many economies against foreign exchange. Textile industries also provide employment level which increases the per capita income of the person. So The contribution of textile industries in the development of Pakistan has much importance. Textile Industries
- 32. Sugar Industries
- 33. Sugar cane is produced on very large scale in many areas of Pakistan. Sugar industry is also one of the major sectors of economy which has great importance according to development of Pakistan. This is totally Agronomy based industry. This further supplies to sugar industries for the production of sugar and other by products which has great market. Sugar industries also helps to provide employment to the peoples. Sugar Industries
- 34. Rice Industries
- 35. Many areas of Pakistan have much importance according to the production of rice crop. In some areas the world most famous rice crop is produced. A huge quantity is exported to many economies against foreign exchange. This foreign exchange is further utilized in import of some other products like modern technology or machinery or this is utilized for the improvement of infrastructure of the economy. Rice Industries
- 36. Contribution to Foreign Exchange Resources Agricultural products primary produce and manufactured through agricultural raw material occupy an important place in the country’s export. Agriculture has by been one of the greatest source of foreign exchange after other professions. According to an estimate, Agronomy commodities like raw cotton and unmanufactured tobacco, oilseeds accounted for about 39% of the total value of exports in 1988–89. This makes a sizable contribution to the foreign exchange resources of the country.
- 37. Source of employment Pakistan as developing economy the employment on consistent level has much importance. In this behalf the branch of agriculture Agronomy has much importance because it provides employment directly or indirectly to the public. Employment contribute to GDP, it is as with the increase in employment the per capita income will increase which results to increase in GDP rate of the economy. Employment directly affects the GSP of economy as well as the per capita income. With the increase in per capita income living standard increases, higher hygiene facilities & better education facilities are also increases. All these signs are the factors of economic development. So we can say that the branch of agriculture Agronomy has a great contribution toward economic development by providing the employment.
- 38. Food requirement Population growth rate of Pakistan is increasing rapidly. Agronomy is the main Department of Agriculture in which all Cereal crops are come. Cereals area grown throughout the world to provide food for the human consumption and feed and fodder for livestock. According to UNDP human development report population growth rate of Pakistan is 2% per year. So with the rapidly increasing population the food requirement is also increasing rapidly. In this behalf Agronomy is the the major sector which is the meeting the increasing requirement of food. It also reduces the import of food from other economies. So we can say that Agronomy is playing very vital role in development of Pakistan by providing the food for massive population as well as supporting the economic growth.
- 39. Experts Agronomy Experts is also plays its important role in developing of Pakistan nation. Agronomy Experts shares their knowledge, skills, new varieties, techniques, technologies to the farmers for getting high Quantity of yield. Agronomy Experts idea is to provide the most lush, disease-free crops as possible. So in this way agronomy Experts helps to Pakistan and its growth toward development.
- 40. Raw material for industries Industries have great importance for the development of any country specially for developing economies like Pakistan. Industries need raw material to produce finish goods. In Pakistan agriculture provides raw material to industries. Cotton is very important agronomical production which is also major export of Pakistan. It is used as raw material in textile industries. The production of these textile industries is exported to various countries against foreign exchange. Other agronomical crops used as a raw material in industries. So in this way agronomy helps to Pakistan economy and its growth toward development.
- 41. Modern Agronomy Traditional Agronomy Practices is comes to end in Pakistan. Farmers use new technologies, modern techniques to built high yield in crops. Farmers use tractor, modern implements for growing and harvesting the crops. In Agronomy, Modern techniques are the main factors of developing a country. In Agronomy use of modern technology like nanotechnology has played very vital role in the development of economy. This technology is used for producing the high yielding variety with high quality products.
- 42. Rural Poverty Decreased Agriculture sector has played very important role in order to reduction of rural poverty. Green revolution technology in Agronomy (irrigation, improved seeds and fertilizers) played very vital role to increase the agricultural production which results in increase in GDP. Through this technology farmers with land gain the opportunity to increase their production. So in this way arable lands became cultivated lands and farmers got the market of agricultural products against some return. So with the help of Agriculture & agronomy Rural Poverty decreased day by day and Pakistan is on the way of development.
- 43. Banking Sectors Agriculture has also contributed a great role toward the development of banking sector. As the government realized the importance of agriculture, it takes steps to improve the productivity of crops by providing the credit facilities to the farmers at low interest rates. With utilizing these credits farmers can produce more and more crops. For this purpose government established the ZTBL and other financial institutes for the provision of credit facilities. So in this way development of banking sector takes place and Banking Sector plays its role in Pakistan National development.