![2 # Pigments
• Pigments are granular solids incorporated in the paint to
contribute color. Fillers are granular solids incorporate to
impart toughness, texture, give the paint special
properties,[13] or to reduce the cost of the paint.
Alternatively, some paints contain dyes instead of or in
combination with pigments.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/drnickafpaintsbasics-240610100623-f8c09494/85/DR-NICKAF-PAINTS-BASICS-pptxBasics-paint-composition-and-quality-parameters-10-320.jpg)
DR NICKAF PAINTS BASICS.pptxBasics paint composition and quality parameters
- 2. PAINT • Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. • It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. • Paint can be made or purchased in many colors—and in many different types, such as watercolor, synthetic, etc. • Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but most types dry into a solid.
- 4. Paint industry fall under the category of surface coating industry.
- 5. COMPOSITON OF PAINT • Paints contain: • pigment - prime pigments to impart colour and opacity • binder (resin) - a polymer, often referred to as resin, forming a matrix to hold the pigment in place • extender - larger pigment particles added to improve adhesion, strengthen the film and save binder • solvent (sometimes called a thinner) - either an organic solvent or water is used to reduce the viscosity of the paint for better application. Water-borne paints are replacing some paints that use volatile organic compounds such as the hydrocarbons which are harmful to the atmosphere. • additives - used to modify the properties of the liquid paint or dry film
- 6. S O l¥ 4 0 % w h i t t e gloss alkyd paint - .
- 8. 1 # BINDER The binder is the film-forming component of paint. In a paint mixture, the binder is responsible for providing adhesion, binding the pigment, and also gives the paint resistance properties which make the final coating tough and durable. The binder itself is clear and glossy, but the presence of pigment interferes with this quality
- 10. 2 # Pigments • Pigments are granular solids incorporated in the paint to contribute color. Fillers are granular solids incorporate to impart toughness, texture, give the paint special properties,[13] or to reduce the cost of the paint. Alternatively, some paints contain dyes instead of or in combination with pigments.
- 11. P ig m e n ts u s e d i n th e c o n s t r u c t io n o f th e t e st p a intin g I Strip Number Pigments common name Chemical composition 1 Lead white 2PbCo!<t Pb(OH)? 2 Zinc w hite ZnO 3 Titanium white Ti0 2 4 Unpainted canvas 5 Cadmium yellow CdS 6 Chrome yellow PbCr04 7 Cadmium red CdSe 8 Vermillion HgS g Si enna cx.-FeOOH + MnO., + clay+ silica 10 Yellow oc hre cx.-FeOOH + clay + silica 11 Umber Fe203 + Mn02 + clay+ silica 12 Ultramarine blue N "0AI6Si6024 S2-4 13 Cobal t blue CoAI O..d 14 Prussian blue Fe4(Fe(CN).J3 15 Viridian green Cr 0(0H) 2 4 16 Chrome green Cr 0 2 3
- 12. 3 # Diluent or solvent or thinner • In the most basic sense, the liquid component of a paint is simply responsible for transporting the binder and pigment to the substrate surface. • The main purposes of the diluent are to dissolve the polymer and adjust the viscosity of the paint. It is volatile and does not become part of the paint film. • It also controls flow and application properties, and in some cases can affect the stability of the paint while in liquid state. Its main function is as the carrier for the non volatile • components. To spread heavier oils (for example, linseed) as in oil-based interior house paint, a thinner oil is required. These volatile substances impart their properties temporarily—once the solvent has evaporated, the remaining paint is fixed to the surface.
- 13. Types of thinner • The solvents used as the carrier in paints: • Water • White spirits (mineral turpentine spirits). White spirit is a mixture of is a mixture of saturated aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons. • Xylene is a pure aromatic solvent having benzene ring structure in its molecule (C8H10). • Toluene is also a pure aromatic solvent with benzene ring structure (C6H5CH3). • Alcohols (n-butanol, isopropanol) are organic compounds having a hydroxyl groups (-OH) bound to the carbon atoms of an alkyl group. • Ketones is an organic solvents, in which carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to two other carbon atoms.
- 14. Depending on the type of paint and intended use, additives may include: dispersants - to separate and stabilise pigment particles silicones - to improve weather resistance driers - to accelerate drying time i.e zicronium ,cobalt , lead , zinc anti-settling agents - to prevent pigment settling bactericides - to preserve water based paints in the can fungicides and algaecides - to protect exterior paint films against disfigurement from moulds, algae and lichen 4 # ADDITIVES
- 15. FILLERS • Filler acts as pigment extender .It reduces the paint cost and also controls the viscosity of paint • Quartz sand (SiO2). Finely ground quartz is a filler increasing the abrasion resistance of the paints. • Talc protects the substrate from the penetrating water. • Baryte (BaSO4) is a colorless or white inorganic mineral having high hardness and chemical resistance. It is used as a reinforcing additive. • Kaoline Clay is used in emulsion paints as a gloss reducing additive. • Limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3) is used in emulsion paints as a filler extending expensive pigments.
- 16. There are four types of finishes • Gloss finish • Semi gloss finish • Satin or egg shell finish • Matt finish Types of finishes
- 17. Matt finish
- 18. Satin or egg shell finish
- 20. Gloss finish
- 21. CLASSIFICATION OF PAINT There are two types of paint on the basis of solvent : Water based paint Oil based paint Water based paint : The paints formulated on the base of water as the major solvent serving as a vehicle carrying the solid components (binders, pigments and additives).
- 22. Most polymer resins may be used as the binders in water-based paints: Epoxies Acrylics Vinyls Polyesters Alkyds Styrene-butadiene Urethanes Distemper: Distemper is a water based paint in which the binding medium consists essentially of either glue or casein, or similar sizing material. The major constituents of distemper are chalk, lime, water and some coloring agents if necessary. They are also known as cement paint.
- 23. Oil based – paints : Oil paint is a type of slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment suspended in a drying oil, commonly linseed oil. The viscosity of the paint may be modified by the addition of a solvent such as turpentine or white spirit, and varnish may be added to increase the glossiness of the dried oil paint film. A wide range of hydrocarbon solvents are used for paint formulation: Aliphatic compounds (eg. White spirit) Aromatic compounds(eg. Toluene, Xylene) Ketones (eg. methyl ethyl keton) Esters Alcohols Glycol ethers. Glycol ether esters.
- 24. Emulsion paints : • Any paint consisting of an emulsion of oil in water solvent is known as emulsion paint • Emulsion paint is water based with some additives to make it more durable, but it can usually be scrubbed off with water and detergent. • Modern Emulsions are water-based, with vinyl or acrylic resins added to make them more hard- wearing than traditional emulsions. This results in varying degrees of sheen in the finish; as the shine increases, the paint tends to be more hard wearing. The ranges usually offer matt, eggshell, silk, satin and full ...
- 25. Enamel paint • Enamel paint is paint that air dries to a hard, usually glossy, finish, used for coating surfaces that are outdoors or otherwise subject to hard wear or variations in temperature; it should not be confused with decorated objects in "painted enamel“ • Water based enamel • Water based enamel contain acrylic resin as binder. They contain inflammable solvents ,lower ordour • Oil based enamel : Oil based enamel contain Oil or Turps based Alkyds as binder. • Contains flammable solvents • Strong odour due to solvent fumes
- 27. Steps of production • Paint and coatings are manufactured through four basic steps, which must be adapted to the characteristics of different ingredients: • Paint & Coatings are made in a batch process where the appropriate ingredients are mixed together to attain the type of paint desired. The ingredients and the paint mixtures are subjected to stringent tests throughout the process to ensure quality.
- 28. Following are the steps in the maunfacturing of paint . 1 .Mixinig 2 .Grinding or Milling 3 .Thining or Filtering 4 .Filling 5 .Packaging 6 .Shipment
- 29. MIXING • Silverson high shear mixers are widely used in the manufacture of paints, inks and coatings. The high shear action of the rotor/stator workhead can rapidly disintegrate and dissolve resins and polymers, disperse pigments and other raw materials including “functional” ingredients.
- 30. vat. The mill-base is stirred in during this phase. Any final additions are added during this stage, if necessary. The finished product is tested in a laboratory. Before manufacturing is approved, critical ingredients are tested. GRINDING The paste mixture for most industrial and some consumer paints is now routed into a sand mill, a large cylinder that agitates tiny particles of sand or silica to grind the pigment particles, making them smaller and dispersing them throughout the mixture. The mixture is then filtered to remove the sand particles. • The resin, solvent, and additives are combined in a large
- 32. THINING • Whether created by a sand mill or a dispersion tank, the paste must now be thinned to produce the final product. Transferred to large kettles, it is agitated with the proper amount of solvent for the type of paint desired • Colour of paint is adjusted in this step
- 33. Filtering • The non dispersed pigment is removed through filration. • Centrifuges , screens or pressure filters are used for the filtration purpose
- 34. Filling and packaging • The finished paint product is then pumped into the canning room. For the standard 8 pint (3.78 liter) paint can available to consumers, empty cans are first rolled horizontally onto labels, then set upright so that the paint can be pumped into them. A machine places lids onto the filled cans, and a second machine presses on the lids to seal them. From wire that is fed into it from coils, a bailometer cuts and shapes the handles before hooking them into holes precut in the cans. A certain number of cans (usually four) are then boxed and stacked before being sent to the warehouse.
- 38. Properties of an ideal paint Some of the typical attributes required can include: • forming a continuous protective film • high opacity • quick drying • corrosion resistance • water resistance • heat resistance • colour stability (i.e. against visible and ultraviolet radiation) • abrasion and scratch resistance • durability • flexibility • easily cleaned