Drainage pattern and types
1 like2,332 views
Drainage patterns are formations created by streams, rivers, and lakes within a drainage basin, influenced by geological factors and topography. Various types of drainage patterns include dendritic, rectangular, angular, parallel, trellis, annular, radial, centripetal, barbed, and deranged, each exhibiting unique characteristics based on the geological structure of the region. Understanding these patterns is crucial as they reflect the geological history and modifications of an area, offering insights into the underlying geologic structures.
Drainage pattern and types
- 1. DRAINAGE PATTERNS Hydrology and Fluvial Morphology
- 2. Mashrup Hasan | GEE | SUST
- 3. What is Drainage Pattern? Drainage pattern is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. The drainage pattern of an area is the outcome of the geological time period, nature and structure of rocks, topography, slope, amount of water flowing and the periodicity of the flow.
- 4. How are Drainage Patterns formed? Drainage channels develop where surface runoff is enhanced, and earth materials provide the least resistance to erosion. Their patterns develops in response to the local topography and subsurface geology.
- 5. Types of Drainage Pattern Dendritic Rectangular Angular Parallel Trellis Annular Radial Centripetal Barbed Deranged
- 6. Dendritic pattern A dendritic drainage pattern is the most common form and looks like the branching pattern of tree roots. It develops in regions underlain by homogeneous material. That is, the subsurface geology has a similar resistance to weathering so there is no apparent control over the direction the tributaries take.
- 7. Rectangular pattern Rectangular pattern is drainage pattern in which the main streams and their tributaries display many right-angle bends and exhibit sections of approximately the same length. The rectangular drainage pattern is found in regions that have undergone faulting. Streams follow the path of least resistance and thus are concentrated in places where exposed rock is the weakest. For example, in Bangladesh the rectangular drainage pattern is mostly seen in the eastern hilly region where sedimentary rocks are very much controlled by structural features like faults and joints.
- 8. Angular drainage patterns form where tributaries and mainstreams joins at more acute angles than rectangular drainage patterns. Angles are both more and less than 90 degrees. This pattern is common in Himalayan foothill regions. Angular pattern
- 9. Parallel pattern Parallel drainage pattern is a pattern of rivers caused by steep slopes with some relief. Because of the steep slopes, the streams are swift and straight, with very few tributaries, and all flow in the same direction. For example, in Bangladesh The Dharla and Dudhkumar flow parallel to Tista.
- 10. Trellis Pattern Trellis Drainage Pattern looks similar to the common garden trellis. These develop where sedimentary rocks have been folded or tilted and then eroded to varying degrees depending on their strength. Tributaries join at high angles often right
- 12. Annular Pattern An Annular Drainage Pattern is a drainage pattern in which streams flow in a nearly circular or concentric pattern along with a weak rock band, resembling a ring in the plane. This pattern typically develops in domes.
- 13. Radial pattern: Centripetal pattern: When the rivers originate from a hill and flow in all directions, the drainage pattern is known as 'radial’. The radial drainage pattern develops around a central elevated point and is common to conically shaped features such as volcanoes. Centripetal drainage pattern is formed when rivers discharge their waters from all directions into a lake or a depression. This is the opposite of a radial pattern, and here the rivers drain in towards the center of a basin, like the spokes of a wheel.
- 14. Barbed Drainage Pattern Barbed is the result of capture of the main river which completely reverses its direction of flow, while the tributaries continue to point in the direction of former flow. Arun River (Nepal) is a good example of this type of drainage pattern.
- 15. Deranged drainage pattern Deranged drainage system is a drainage system in drainage basins where there is no coherent pattern to the rivers and lakes. It happens in areas where there has been much geological disruption.
- 16. Why is drainage pattern important? The patterns which streams form are determined by inequalities of surface slope and rock resistance. This being true, it is evident that drainage patterns may reflect original slope and structure or the successive episodes by which the surface has been modified, including uplift, depression, tilting, warping, folding, faulting, and jointing, as well as deposition by the sea, glaciers, volcanoes, winds, and rivers. Since drainage patterns are the reflection of so many factors, it is evident that they form one of the most immediate approaches to an understanding of geologic structure.
- 17. Thank you.