Dr_Riaz_Suddle.ppt
- 1. PAKISTAN’s SPACE PROGRAM – OPPORTUNITIES FOR R&D Dr. M. RIAZ SUDDLE (SI) MEMBER (SPACE TECHNOLOGY WING), SUPARCO University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore. 19th December, 2009
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- 3. Outline Introduction Pakistan’s Space Program Current Space Projects Satellite related R&D infrastructure Human Resource Development Trends in Satellite Communications Possible Research Directions Concluding Remarks
- 4. INTRODUCTION
- 5. Background Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), the National Space Agency is mandated to conduct R&D in space science, Space Technology, and their peaceful applications in Pakistan. It works towards developing indigenous capabilities in space technology and promoting space applications for socio-economic uplift of the country.
- 6. Organizational Structure Chairman Member (Space Technology) Member (Space Electronics) Member (Space Application Research) Member (Range and Instrumentation) Member (Finance) Secretary
- 7. Karachi Headquarters Space Applications & Research Center Remote Sensing Applications Directorate Space & Atmospheric Research Directorate Space Science Section Karachi Ionospheric Station Geomagnetic Observatory Astronomy National Center for Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics (NCRG) Satellite Research & Development Center for Remote Sensing Satellite Multan Space & Atmospheric Research Station Lahore Satellite Research & Development Center for Communication Satellite Telemetry, Tracking and Command Location of Facilities Islamabad Satellite Ground Station Ionospheric Research Station Geomagnetic Observatory Peshawar Space Application & Research Center
- 8. 1961: Established as a Committee 1962: Launched Rehbar-I and Rehbar-II (two-stage rockets) 1981: Acquired the status of a Commission 1989: Established SPOT/NOAA/Landsat Satellites Receiving Station near Islamabad 1990: Launched its 1st experimental satellite BADR-1 1994: Established VHF/UHF/S-Band satellite TT&C station in Lahore 2001: Launched its 2nd experimental satellite BADR-B Major Milestones Achieved
- 9. Badr-1 Project Objectives To acquire know-how for indigenous development of satellites and to create infrastructure for future satellite development activities To test the performance of indigenously developed satellite hardware in the space Environment To demonstrate Store-and-Forward type message communications To educate the country's academic and scientific community in the tracking and use of low-earth-orbiting satellites Broad Design Parameters Size: ~482 mm (sphere) Mass: ~50 Kg Life time: 06 months (approx) Payload: Store and Forward Experiment (SAFE) Launched on 16 July 1990 from a Chinese launcher (LM-2E)
- 10. Badr-B Project Objectives • Development of low cost satellites and creating necessary infrastructure for future satellite development activities • Development of know-how and capability in the field of satellite attitude control and stabilization • Acquire know-how and technology for earth imaging using CCD sensors Broad Design Parameters • Size: 510mm x 510mm x 465mm (approx) • Mass: ~70kg • Lifetime: 2 years (approx) • Payloads: CCD cameras, Compact Dosimeter, End of Charge Detector, Store & • Forward Experiment (SAFE) • Launched on 10 Dec 2001 from a Russian launcher (Zenit) Launched on 10 Dec 2001 from a Russian launcher (Zenit)
- 12. Elements of Pakistan’s Space Program Satellite Development Program Remote Sensing & GIS Applications Space Science Core Technologies Development International Cooperation Infrastructure Development
- 13. Satellite Development Program GEO Satellites – Paksat Series • Paksat-1 (Extension) • Paksat-1R • Paksat-MM1 • Paksat-MM2 • Paksat-2
- 14. Satellite Development Program LEO Satellites • PRSS-O1 • PRSS-S1 • PRSS-O2 • PRSS-S2 • PRSS-O3 • PRSS-S3
- 16. Current Space Projects Paksat-1 Pakistan Communication Satellite System (Paksat-1R) Remote Sensing Satellite System (RSSS) Assembly Integration and Test Centre (AITC)
- 17. Paksat-1 Leased from Hughes (USA) in Dec 2002 Has 34 transponders (24 Standard C, 6 Extended C and 4 Ku) Current usage about 22.93 TPE (36MHz) Communication Signal Monitoring and Technical Support from SRDC Lhr Customers in Pakistan and across Middle East, Africa, East South Asia and Europe
- 18. Paksat-1R Satellite Platform: CAST DFH-4 3-axis stabilized ≈ 7 KW Power 15 years service life Payload: 12 C-band Transponders 18 Ku-band Transponders Coverage/ Footprints: C-Band: Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Iran, parts of Middle East, eastern coastal countries of African continent and parts of Europe Ku-Band: Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, UAE, Oman, Parts of Iran and Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Parts of China
- 19. RSSS Approved in principle by the GoP Feasibility and System Definition Study conducted in 2007, recommending launch of one Optical and one Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Satellite Launch of Optical Satellite in the 1st step, having ~2m PAN and ~4m MS resolution and 5-7 yrs life Implementation will start after the funds are made available
- 20. Assembly Integration and Test Centre (AITC) To facilitate indigenous assembly, integration and testing of various types of satellites of our national needs, including: • Telecommunication • Optical Imaging • Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) • Weather • Navigation • Early Warning Currently in planning phase
- 22. Power System Lab On-Board Computer Lab Diplexer and Multiplexer Lab Amplifiers and Filters Lab Communication System Integration Lab Telemetry and Telecommand Lab Electronics Lab Digital Signal Processing Lab Attitude Orbit & Control System Lab Onboard Data Handling Lab Digital System Lab RF System Lab Imaging Payload Lab Spectrum Engineering Lab Design and Development Labs
- 23. Channel Coding Lab Source Coding Lab Embedded Systems Lab Spacecraft Power Systems Lab Mechanisms & MEMS Lab AOC Sensors Lab AOC Actuators Lab Satellite Structures Lab Thermal Control Lab Attitude & Orbit Control System Lab TCR Link Security Lab Spacecraft Propulsion & Pyro Techniques Lab Design and Development Labs (cont’d)
- 24. Satellite Systems Engineering Lab Satellite Communications Lab Concurrent Engineering Lab Mission Planning and Design Lab ASIC & FPGA Lab TCR Lab Solar Array Lab BCR & BDR Lab PC&D Lab System Integration Lab Transponder Lab Antenna Lab Design and Development Labs (cont’d)
- 25. R&D Facilities 25 Satellite Assembly Integration and Test (SAINT) Facility Environmental Validation Testing (EVT) Facility Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR) Facility SAINT Support Workshop (SSW) Remote Sensing Data Transmission (RSDT) Facility Satellite Bus Development (SBD) Facility Satellite Dynamic System Test (SDST) Facility
- 26. Indigenous Capability Development (cont’d) Industry approach: • Prototype/Engineering Model (EM) • Engineering Qualification Model (EQM) • Qualification Model (QM) • Flight Model (FM)/ Proto-Flight Model (PFM)
- 27. Indigenous Capability Development (cont’d) Prototype Paksat-1R • The project was aimed to enhance the know-how of young scientists and engineers about communication satellite engineering. Commercial components were used to keep the cost low since the satellite will only be a functional lab model • Prototype Paksat-1R is a communication satellite, which has three C-band Transponders as the communication payload • All the subsystems have been designed and developed indigenously • Integration and testing have also been performed
- 28. Indigenous Capability Development (cont’d) Prototype Paksat-1R bus comprised the following subsystem: • Computer (based on Intel 80188EB microprocessor) • Power subsystem • Telemetry subsystem • Telecommand subsystem • Attitude and Orbit Determination and Control subsystem • S-band RF communication subsystem • Thermal Control subsystem • Satellite Structure • Mechanisms for: o Antenna Deployment o Solar Array Deployment
- 30. Indigenous Capability Development EQM Paksat-1R: • Already developed sub-systems/units: o On-Board Computer (OBC) o Telemetry Subsystem (TM) o Telecommand Subsystem (TC) o C-band Transponder o S-band Communication Subsystem
- 31. Indigenous Capability Development Customer furnished Instruments (CFIs) • To design, develop / manufacture and integrate into Paksat-1R satellite the following 04 electronic equipment, as an experimental / auxiliary payload for validating their designs and technology: o Telemetry (TM) o Tele-command (TC) o On-Board Data Handling (OBDH) o Power Conditioning & Distribution (PCD) o Mass: ≈ 50 Kg o Volume: ≈ 36”(L) X 30” (W) X 15”(H) o Power Dissipation ≈ 300 Watt
- 33. Human Resource Development (HRD) To meet the huge requirements of the NSDP an ambitious and rigorous HRD programme is being undertaken Main elements of the HRD program: • MS/PhD (local & abroad) • Short Trainings (local & abroad) • Conferences, Seminar & Workshops • On the Job Trainings (local & abroad) • Hands on Trainings (in-house) • Comprehensive KHTT embedded in Paksat-1R program Several hundred already trained and a very large number currently undergoing training
- 35. Composition of a Typical Satellite Platform: • Structure Subsystem (SS) • Thermal Subsystem (TS) • Unified Propulsion Subsystem (UPS) • Attitude Orbit Control Subsystem (AOCS) • On-Board Data Handling (OBDH) Subsystem • Telemetry Command & Ranging (TC&R) Subsystem • Electrical Power Subsystem (EPS)
- 36. Composition of a Typical Satellite Payload (either of the following): • Transponder • Optical Telescope/Camera • Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) • Infrared Telescope • Radiometer • Atomic Clock
- 37. Some Example Satellites SPOT-5 (imaging) Skynet 5 (mil satcom)
- 38. Some Example Satellites (Cont’d) 38 GPS (navigation) Meteosat (weather)
- 39. Trends in Satellite Communications Communication Satellite Technology • Modular and expandable subsystems/units/modules • On-board Digital Multiplexing - Skyplex • Flexible Payloads • Milsatcom Payloads Satellite Communication Applications • Digital Video Broadcast to Handheld via Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial Network • IP on the move for Aircraft, Trains and Boats • From 3G Mobile TV to Unlimited Mobile TV Satellite Communication Terminals • Mobile Satellite Terminals • Mobile Digital Satellite News Gathering Systems (M-DSNG)
- 40. On-board Digital Multiplexing - Skyplex 40 Skyplex is a payload designed for onboard digital multiplexing. The multiplexing facility provides much more flexibility and lower operating costs, because broadcasters can uplink services directly. Skyplex can receive video, audio and data uplink signals from several different geographic locations, and multiplex them into a single DVB downlink signal. Skyplex Technology-based Communication System
- 41. On-board Digital Multiplexing - Skyplex 41 SkyplexNet architecture – examples of two-way services
- 42. Flexible Payloads Requirements: Match bandwidth and power resource to time varying traffic demands Trend towards systems with larger numbers of narrow beams Requirement to support high level of frequency reuse within frequency planning constraints Transparent digital processing offers a powerful solution which provides the following aspects of flexibility o Flexible channel to beam routing o Flexible frequency mapping o Flexibility in channel gain o Flexibility in channel beam properties o Flexible air interface – including carrier width Transparent digital processing offers flexibility at a significantly
- 43. Milsatcom Payloads 43 Access to greater bandwidth – Ka band & frequency reuse Flexibility – Coverage, Power and Bandwidth Communication to handheld terminals via Higher power payloads Leveraging Future Military Capability from Commercial Developments
- 44. Digital Video Broadcast to Handheld via Hybrid Satellite/Terrestrial Network 44 content adaptation & aggregates TV programs into service bundles hub that maps the service bundles to the satellite carrier resources Geo-stationary satellites that amplify and convert the DVB-H based signals to the terminals in the targeted IMT2000 frequency band Terrestrial repeaters that broadcast the DVB-H based signal to the terminals in the targeted IMT2000 frequency band; Contains features needed to receive & combine DVB-H based signals
- 45. 45 Satellite technology is used to backhaul a wireless (WiFi or GSM) local loop; it allows the end user to connect his own device (laptop, PDA or mobile phone) to the Internet while traveling the world. Giving IP connectivity to trains, aircraft and vessels also creates a way for transport operators either to create a new revenue stream, or to use this facility for their own needs. Such systems are typically based on a classical star topology as deployed for fixed broadband services, the space segment being used as transparent repeaters. IP on the move for Aircraft, Trains and Boats
- 47. Mobile Digital Satellite News Gathering Systems (M-DSNG) 47 This system offers a true on-the-move communication for shoot and move applications, e.g. Disaster Military operations M-DSNG enables Crew to transmit and receive programming while the vehicle is in motion Increase productivity Access to cooperate LAN Access film libraries VIOP, data Shoot, edit, transmit story while on the move
- 49. Technologies and Engineering Disciplines Aerospace Engineering Mechanical Engineering Electrical/Electronics Engineering Communication System Engineering Chemical Engineering Systems Engineering Software Engineering Metallergical Engineering
- 50. Relevant Specialist Fields & Technologies Rechargeable Batteries Solar Cells and Solar Power Generation Microwave Systems Imaging and Inertial Sensors and Systems Embedded Systems Fault Telerant Computer Systems Space Radiation Space Structures and Mechanisms Space Systems Engineering Thermal Control Antenna Systems Composite Materials Space Materials Propellants Polymers Racket Propulsion Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies Control Systems Nanotechnology DSP
- 52. Concluding Remarks Since its modest start in early 60s, Pakistan/ SUPARCO’s Space/Satellite Program has been progressing in line with the resources made available However, there has been a surge in the development of Space Science & Technology in Pakistan since early 2001 Pakistan/SUPARCO has lately embarked on a highly ambitious and challenging Space/Satellite Program SUPARCO has been rapidly developing R&D
- 53. Concluding Remarks (Cont’d) SUPARCO offers excellent R&D opportunities in the highly specialized field of Space Technology SUPARCO requires a large number of talented and highly enthusiastic young engineers to work on its Space/Satellite Program
- 54. 54 Thank You!
- 55. 55 Q&A